Yuxian earth history

1. History of Yuxian County Introduction of Yuxian City, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province Yuxian County is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, bordering Beijing and Tianjin in the east, Baoding in the south, Datong in the west and Zhangjiakou in the north, with a total area of 3,220 square kilometers, governing 10 town and 12 town, with a population of 440,000.

With convenient transportation, convenient communication and superior power conditions, it is one of the "comprehensive reform experimental counties" in Hebei Province and one of the four "window counties" in Zhangjiakou City. Yuxian is rich in resources, with coal reserves of 2.4 billion tons, fluorite, bentonite, marble, perlite, limestone and other mineral resources. Yuxian is also the largest production base of flue-cured tobacco and apricot in Hebei Province.

Industries such as coal, chemical industry, electronics, mechanical processing and building materials have begun to take shape, and the industrial categories are basically complete. Driving 200 kilometers west from Beijing, you enter Yuxian County, Hebei Province, which is surrounded by mountains.

Yuxian was called yu zhou in ancient times, which belonged to Shang Dynasty, Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhao Dynasty in the Warring States Period and yu zhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It was once one of the famous "Sixteen States", and was changed to county in 19 13. It is an integral part of Zhao Yan tourist resort and a supplement and extension of Beijing tourist landscape.

Yuxian county governs 1 1 town,1/township: yu zhou town, Daiwang town, Xiyouying town, Jijiazhuang town, bai le zhen, Wenquan town, Nanliuzhuang town, Beishuiquan town, Taohua town, Yang Juan town, songzhuang town town, Xiagong village town, Nanyangzhuang town, etc. The long cultural history has left many amazing cultural landscapes for Yuxian.

At present, there are more than 780 cultural relics in * * * in this county, and the ancient buildings are the best preserved, reaching more than 580 places, including pavilions, Nan 'an temple towers, temples, sites of Daiwangcheng, Han groups, etc., provincial protection units 19, and more than 5,600 cultural relics. Yuxian County was founded in the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and rebuilt in the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It is the best preserved ancient city in western Beijing.

Jade Emperor Pavilion, Nan 'an Temple Tower and Shi Jia Temple in the city are all national key cultural relics protection units, with 8 provincial protection units and 7 county protection units. These ancient buildings with Liao, Yuan, Ming and Qing architectural styles reflect the different cultural characteristics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Together with the site of Daiwangcheng, a national cultural relic protection unit around the county, the rare Chongtai Temple, the well-preserved Wang Min Academy of the Ministry of Industry of the Yuan Dynasty, and the ancient castles, ancient houses and ancient theaters all over the county, Yuxian has a very rich historical and cultural heritage, and thus won the title of "Yuxian"

The ancient buildings in Yuxian are mainly ancient castles, temples, theaters and ancient houses. In ancient times, there was a saying of "eight hundred Li Zhai Bao". Where there is a village, there is a castle, and the castle is a village. Its large number and wide distribution is a miracle.

Wutai Mountain in Deng Ling, overlooking Pingchuan, runs from the foot of Nanshan Mountain to the northern hills. Cities are connected with each other, and castles are connected with each other. Liancheng Town Castle is built in the city, and castles are connected with each other. Magnificent and colorful. The number of temples, palaces, temples, courtyards, temples, shrines and stupas in Yuxian ranks first in Hebei Province.

The ancient temples, which concentrated the Liao, Yuan, Ming, Qing and folk years, have the characteristics of complete varieties, unique structure and exquisite paintings. Every village and castle in the territory has an ancient theater with various forms and complete types.

Looking at the theater, theater, theater, theater, theater, theater in the courtyard on three sides is dizzying. Ancient dwellings are a combination of folklore, aesthetics, architecture and sculpture, which can be seen in quadrangles, four-in-one suites and nine-in-one courtyards.

The West Castle of Wenquan Town is a collection of ancient houses, temples, castles and theaters, with an urn-shaped structure. There are 180 Ming and Qing style dwellings, including 5 Dayuanyuan and 49 Zhengsiheyuan.

Dizang Temple is divided into two floors, which is a patio-style building. Upstairs, there are the Buddhist Scripture Hall, Yanjun Hall, Ghost King Hall, Guanyin Hall, Sanyi Hall, Horse Hall and Bell and Drum Tower. There is a 12 brick cave on the lower floor.

Natural scenery Yuxian's human landscape is amazing, and the beautiful natural scenery is equally fascinating. In particular, the majestic, precipitous and magnificent scenery of Jinhekou in air grassland Scenic Area and Xiaowutaishan Natural Ecological Reserve gives people endless aftertaste.

At the northern foot of Xiaowutai Mountain, the highest peak of Yanshan Mountains, there is a strange and magnificent canyon-Jinhekou Canyon. Huang Jinhe is famous for its golden rocks at the bottom of the river.

Climbing the peaks on both sides of the strait, you can see the complete Great Wall of Zhao in the Warring States Period, and the looming "Jinhe Ten Temple", "Dawn on Mount Tai" and "Jinhe Mingyue" among the mountains are the most spectacular. Jinhekou Forest Park is located at the foot of Xiaowutai Mountain, covering an area of 330,000 mu. It is the only virgin forest around Beijing, with more than 320 species of plants and 37 species of animals. Now it has become a provincial nature reserve and forest park.

It belongs to the remnant vein of Taihang Mountain, with Dongtai as the highest, with an altitude of 2882 meters. There are all kinds of rare birds and animals in the mountains. In May, the pink apricot blossoms all over the mountains add great charm to the scenery in Shan Ye. Yuxian is the largest apricot production base in China, covering an area of 435,000 mu. In July, the branches are full of fruits, adding a strong local flavor.

From the county seat to the south 15km to the flying fox mouth, and southbound to the 40km Grand Canyon-Qixia Flying Fox Valley, the strange peaks and rocks hang in the air, which is extremely ingenious. When I first entered the canyon, the valley was wide and shallow, and the peaks were locked. When I looked up, I saw a glimpse of the sky and the clouds were flying.

Locals say that the 40-mile flying fox has 72 bends with beautiful scenery. It is an ancient passage through the intersection of Taihang Mountain, Yanshan Mountain and Hengshan Mountain. The widest point is only 70-80 meters to 100 meters, and the narrowest point is only about 1 meter. You can only miss one car.

Along the way, at the junction of Weilai, a meadow with an altitude of 2 158 meters and 30 square kilometers was suddenly pulled up. This is Dianziliang, which is far from Jinhekou Forest Park. It was named "air grassland" because of its high terrain. There is no heat in summer, no dust in spring, fresh air, lush flowers and plants, green as carpet, sky blue and white clouds.

Unique recreational activities, such as hunting, horse racing, folk songs and dances, bonfire parties and ice skating in winter, make this cool and quiet Yuan Ye more interesting. Resource advantages Power resources: Yuxian county has sufficient electricity.

Xuanhua-Yuxian 1 10KV transmission line, with a main installed capacity of 20,000 kilowatts, provides power for the whole county. The 500 kV double-circuit high-voltage line from Datong to Fangshan in Beijing passes through Yuxian, and there is a switch station in the county seat.

2. Where did the earliest history of Yuxian begin? Yuxian, called Luochuan in ancient times, is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, bordering Beijing and Tianjin in the east, Baoding in the south, Datong in the west and Zhangjiakou in the north. The county seat is 74.55km from east to west and 71.25km from north to south, located at16,5438+04, 13 east longitude. Jurisdiction 1 1 town,1/township, 56 1 administrative village. Yuxian County is one of the "pilot counties for comprehensive reform" in Hebei Province and four "window counties" in Zhangjiakou City, and it is also a key county for national poverty alleviation and development.

Dating back to the earliest time, Yuzhou was built in Yong 'an Middle of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (528-530 AD), changed to Huang Huai and Yuyiliang towns (located in Zhangbei County and Chicheng County respectively), and was sent to the border of Bing Wu County. In the Atlas of Chinese History, the maps of the Northern Dynasties and the Eastern Wei Dynasty (Wuding four years, AD 546) are marked here. As the 16th edition of History of Yuzhou in Qing Shunzhi said, "Yuzhou ghost town: twenty-five miles northwest of Pingyao, Wei moved to Weizhou, and the state was abandoned." At that time, there were three leading counties: Shichang County, Zhong Yi County and Fuen County. There are seven leading counties; That is, today's Menxian County, Lanquan County, Liangxian County, and Lishi Yuzhou, as well as Tian Ping in the second year of Xiaojing in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (Yuzhou in 5 AD). Since then, when the Northern Zhou Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor (AD 579), Yuzhou was established as one of the famous "Sixteen States", and Dachang County was located in Lingqiu (now Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province) and belonged to Yuxian County. In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 607), Yanmen County was located in Zhou, which was the land of Lingqiu County in Yanmen County. At the end of Sui Dynasty, I was trapped in Turkic. In the sixth year of Tang Wude (AD 623), he returned to Zhangzhou and was sent to Yangqu County of Bingzhou. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (AD 63 1), he broke the Turks, returned to his hometown and moved to Lingqiu County, belonging to Hebei Road. In the 12th year of Kaiyuan (AD 724), Anbian County was established. In the first year of Tianding (AD 742), Anbian County was changed to Anbian County, and Lingqiu County was changed to Tangxian County in the second year. In the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), Yuzhou was restored. Liao belongs to Xijing Road and is still Yuzhou. Made by Jin Chengliao. Yuan is still Yuzhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Yuzhou, Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province, and was tied with Yu. , Kangxi yuan 1693) was changed to weixian county (the county name began from now on), which belongs to Xuanhua House. Qianlong twenty-two years (AD 1757 weeks. 19 12) Yuzhou belongs to Koubei Road, Zhili Province. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Yuzhou was changed to Yuxian, and in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), it was assigned to Chahar province. 1952 belongs to Hebei province. There are many cultural relics and historic sites in history, and the ancient buildings are the best preserved, reaching more than 580 places. Among them, there are 9 state-level protected units, 32 provincial-level protected units, 25 county-level protected units, and more than 5,600 cultural relics in Yuxian Museum, such as Yuhuang Pavilion, Nan 'an Temple Tower, Shi Jia Temple, Daiwangcheng Site and Han Group. Yuxian county

3. Yanshan historical and cultural site is one of the famous mountains in northern China. Strategic position. From Baihe in the west to Shanhaiguan in the east, Bashang Plateau in the north, Tushan and Nuerhu Mountain in seven old, and Taihang Mountain in the southwest. Hebei plain is on the south side, with great height difference. Luanhe River cut off this mountain to form a canyon-xifengkou, and Chaohe River cut off to form Gubeikou, which has been a north-south traffic tunnel since ancient times. It is also very important in the military, and it is often a battleground for military strategists in ancient and modern wars.

It is about 420 kilometers long from east to west, nearly 200 kilometers wide from north to south and 600~ 1500 meters above sea level. The main peak is the East Monkey Peak, with an altitude of 2292.6 meters. Its scope can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense.

In a broad sense, the Yanshan Mountains refer to the mountains south of Bashang Plateau, north of Hebei Plain, east of Baihe River Basin and west of Shanhaiguan; in a narrow sense, the Yanshan Mountains refer to the mountains south of Narrow Ridge, Bolono, Guanzhong and Dazhangzi.

There are Miyun, Panjiakou and other reservoirs in the mountainous area, and the building foundation is Yanxiadu 1. The main peak of Wuling Mountain is 2118m above sea level; East monkey top, 2292.6 meters above sea level; Square table, altitude1052m; Dushan, elevation1846m; Daqingshan, elevation1224m. Rich in mineral deposits.

4. What is the cultural birthplace of Yuxian County in Zhangjiakou? Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Hongshan Culture. However, we can't say that this place is the birthplace of any kind of culture, because not only three cultures of different periods have been discovered here, but also these cultures are blooming on the land of China. Let's just say there are all kinds of cultures here.

1, Li Xinwei (curator of Yuxian Museum)

"During the four-year archaeological excavation, the famous Sanguan site was discovered, including Yangshao culture in the Central Plains, Longshan culture and Hongshan Culture in the Northeast, which blended with each other. This is a relatively unique regional cultural phenomenon. " across china

2. The remains of Yangshao, Longshan and Hongshan Culture unearthed in Yuxian come from three prehistoric tribes in different regions, so why do these three prehistoric cultural remains from different places appear here at the same time? The age of these pottery is roughly the same as that of the legendary Yellow Emperor. Does the coincidence of time and place mean that these pottery are intrinsically related to the legend of the Yellow Emperor? Archaeologist Xie Fei has done a lot of research on this.

About 2 million years ago, Yuxian was a world-famous Nihewan, where the earliest human beings lived, and it was one of the important areas where ancient Beijingers lived. There are many remains of Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Xia Shang culture in the period of matriarchal clan commune in primitive society.

From the perspective of human history, as early as the Stone Age, there were people here, and most of the famous Nihewan ancient human sites were located in Yuxian. According to archaeological research, there are more than 50 remains of Neolithic clan and tribe life on both sides of the Liuhu River across the county seat, which is one of the important birthplaces of ancient northern ancestors in China. The Yellow Emperor unified all tribes, with its capital in Huangdicheng, Fanshan and Zhuolu, and Yuxian as the Feng Jingen barrier. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, although the capital had moved to the Central Plains, Yuxian was still the place where the descendants of the Chinese people lived. At the end of Shang Dynasty, the Rong nationality moved eastward to occupy this basin and established Dai State. Since then, Yuxian has been the political and economic center of Daiguo, and there are still traces of Daiguo City. Qin unified the six countries, with 36 counties in the world and Yuxian county as the county. The elephant was called Yuzhou in the year of North Tuesday (AD 580). There are two interpretations of the word "Wei" in front of the state. One theory is that this land is called Wei because of its dense forests and grasslands and beautiful fields. One theory is that it is called Wei to commemorate the last monarch in ancient China. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuzhou was a battleground for Han and ethnic minorities, and it was a place where many ethnic groups lived together. In the early Ming Dynasty, Yuzhou was listed as a military fortress, and the troops stationed in Yuzhou guarded the border, once again becoming an important military, economic and cultural center in the north. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was still a state, which was subordinate to Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province, and later changed to county, which was subordinate to Xuanhua Prefecture, Zhili Province, and later renamed Yuzhou. After the Republic of China, it was renamed Yuxian.

5. There are several county decrees in Shangyu County to clear the history. The post of county magistrate in Yuxian County in Qing Dynasty was established in the 32nd year of Kangxi and abolished in the 22nd year of Qianlong. There were 13 county magistrates:

1, Tong Fujun (Zhenglanqi, thirty-two years of Kangxi)

2. Gui Tianhua (36th year of Kangxi)

3. Gui Tianhua (37th year of Kangxi)

4. Wang (with yellow flag, Kangxi 4 1 year)

5. Kong Shangxi (forty-five years of Kangxi)

6. Kou Yuanran (fifty-four years of Kangxi)

7. Guo (Han army with a white flag, fifty-eight years of Kangxi)

8. Member Cheng (the first year of Yongzheng)

9. Zhang Huanshan (4th year of Yongzheng)

10, Zhu (eight years of Yongzheng)

1 1, Wang Yuqiao (9th year of Yongzheng)

12, Liu (in 8 years)

13, Zhu Shizhong (Qianlong 18 years, Qianlong for 22 years)

6. How big is the land in Zhangjiakou? Zhangjiakou City is located in the northwest of Hebei Province. This is a famous city with a long history beyond the Great Wall. It is a famous military town and commercial port, and is famous for connecting Yanyun, connecting the northern part of the fortress, defending the country and being an economic hub.

Since ancient times, it has been a place where ethnic minorities in the northern grassland and ethnic groups in the Central Plains live together. Today, there are 26 ethnic groups, including Han, Hui, Mongolia, Man, Tibet and Korea, living in 36,873 square kilometers, with a total population of 4.5 million. Introduction of Zhangjiakou: Municipal District (7): Chabei District, Saibei District, Xiahuayuan District, Xuanhua District, qiaoxi district, Qiaodong District and County (13): Huailai County, Zhuolu County, Weiyuan County, Xuanhua County, Zhangbei County, shangyi county and kangbao county.

7. Has Qi Jiguang been to Yuxian? Yes

The "pirates coming from the south to the north", that is, the intrusion of the pirates in the southeast coast and the harassment of the Tatar cavalry in the northern border, are two major problems that have long plagued the Ming court and endangered Daming Mountain. After Tan Lun and others wiped out the pirates in the south, Qi Jiguang was transferred to the north to defend the Tatars. In order to strengthen the defense in the north, the Ming Dynasty divided the Great Wall into nine defense zones, in which heavy troops were stationed, called Jiubian Town, and each town was under the jurisdiction of the general staff. Jidong starts from Shanhaiguan in the town and reaches Juyongguan in the west, guarding the capital. It is the most important town among the nine towns, and Qi Jiguang is the company commander of Jizhen.

The Great Wall in Zhen Ji Town was built in the early Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Hongwu, the general Xu Da was ordered to prepare Shanxi and Beiping, and the general was ordered to make plans. From Huai 'an Hou Hua Yunlong, it is said that from Yongping, Jizhou and Miyun to the west, the pass is 120 and 9, all of them are guarded. In the 14th year of Hongwu, Xu Dafa and Yanshi guarded fifteen thousand one hundred people and built thirty-two passes such as Yongning and Ling Jie. Although the Great Wall was also built during Hongzhi and Jiajing years, it is too simple. The real large-scale construction was completed by Qi Jiguang from Qin Long to the early years of Wanli.

In the process of building the Great Wall in Qi Jiguang, according to the architectural idea of "adjusting measures to local conditions, controlling the blockage with risks", the wall was heightened at the low mountain; Enemy towers are built in places with steep mountains, and barriers, buttresses and horse retaining walls are added in some places, all of which are masonry structures or masonry wood structures, making this section of the Great Wall complete in facilities, firm in construction, rigorous in layout and both offensive and defensive. According to expert appraisal, Jinshanling Great Wall is the essence of the Great Wall in Wan Li, China. Barrier, brick and horse retaining wall are known as the "three wonders" of Jinshanling Great Wall.

8. The highest and lowest temperature in history in Yuxian County, Hebei Province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate of warm temperate zone. Due to the height disparity, the three-dimensional climate is obvious. Its main features are: cool in summer and changeable in autumn.

Precipitation distribution

The annual precipitation in Yuxian County is about 380.0~682.7 mm, with the largest precipitation in Xiaowutai Mountain area in the east, which is 580~700 mm, the least precipitation in rivers along Liuhu River in the north-central part, which is 380~430 mm, and the precipitation in southern mountainous areas is 530~580 mm.

temperature distribution

The general trend of temperature distribution in Yuxian County is to decrease with the elevation. The average annual temperature is between 6.8 and 7.6 degrees. The annual average temperature is the highest in Liuhu River Valley, followed by the northern and southern mountainous areas, and the lowest in Xiaowutai Mountain area. Yuxian is located at the intersection of Hengshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain, and belongs to an intermountain basin in the northwest of Hebei Province. The remaining veins of Mount Hengshan extend from Jin to Wei, and are surrounded by the north and south branches. Liuhu River runs through the west and east, forming three different natural regions: deep mountains in the south, rivers in the middle and hills in the north.

Deep mountain area:1141.1km2, average elevation 1500-2000m, southwest-northeast: Shimen Mountain-Lingxian Mountain-Luoshan-Yuquan Mountain-Cuiping Mountain-Heishiling-. Xiaowutai Mountain, the highest peak in Hebei Province, is 2882 meters high.

River area: 987.9 square kilometers, about 900 meters above sea level. There are Liuhu River and its tributaries Qingshui River and Anding River in the middle. With flat terrain, abundant water resources and fertile land, it has always been a famous "Miliangchuan" in the west of Beijing, and "Gong Mi and Yuzhou", one of the four largest Gong Mi in history, is quite famous in China.

Hilly area: 1 1 18 square kilometers, with an average elevation of 1000- 1500mm and a relative height below 500 m, especially the loess landform. Suitable for developing forestry, fruit industry and planting industry.