What are the three most influential puppet shows in Asia? Be specific and elaborate

China puppet art, known as puppet show in ancient times, is a unique flower in China Art Garden. It has a long history, a wide variety and exquisite skills. Lingao puppet show is a rare kind of China puppet art, with unique art, and its biggest feature is that the dolls are on the same stage, and the actors and puppets play the same role. Sometimes the performances are mainly occasional and sometimes people-oriented, and the actors' singing, reading and playing are very interesting, which is widely loved by the masses. It is known as "the world is rare, and China is a must".

Lingao puppet show is a kind of folk opera. Singing in Lingao dialect (belonging to Thai language department) emphasizes the duality of analogy and xing, which is easy to understand and vivid. It is distributed in Lingao County, Hainan Province, parts of Chengmai and Danzhou, Bopian, Zuntan and Shizi Road in Qiongshan, Changliu, Rongshan and Xiuying in the suburbs of Haikou. In 26, Lin 'gao puppet show was officially listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

The art is unique and colorful

The singing of the puppet show in Lingao is mainly [Aha] and [Lang Tan]. Later, allegro, Li Li Mei Qiang, Qizi Board, Ugly Foot Board, Small Cowherd, Er Yi Li, Flat Board, Moonlight, Bai Furong Qiang and Cry Board were absorbed from the Pro Play, which were arranged and created by folk songs and folk music. In addition, it also absorbed the banqiang of Qiong Opera, such as Cheng Tu, Tan Ban, Kuban, Jiang Lang Qiang and Jiao Zi Qiang.

In the early days, the band was composed of five people, and the musical instruments were suona, sanxian (or Qin Qin), coconut palm, bamboo flute and percussion. After the 196s, the number of bands increased to about ten, and dulcimer, erhu, yueqin, flute, Qin Qin, cello, clarinet and other western instruments were added. The percussion music was also changed from the traditional Chinese drum to the percussion structure with wooden fish, drums, cymbals and gongs.

In performance, the two forms of "acting with dolls" and "acting with simple people" coexist and promote each other. Play a puppet show, pay attention to the colorful performance methods that integrate people with dolls, even with dolls, and people with dolls; Pro-drama has absorbed the skills of sleeves, fans, handkerchiefs, catwalks, etc. of Guangxi Gui Opera, Zhuang Opera, Qiong Opera and other brother operas, making the means of expression more abundant.

In the early puppet shows, actors from all walks of life didn't wear makeup to hook their faces. Until the sixties and seventies of the 2th century, actors in all walks of life were wearing light makeup, pretending to be handsome and not sketching their faces. But puppet idols have rich faces. For example, the old man, the old man (father), the mountain thief and the ugly official and clown in the ugly line all sketch the face to show the personality characteristics of the characters. Life and death are all very handsome and beautiful, and clowns are all very ugly. The fat people are fat and fat, and the thin people are skinny. The contrast is very clear. In terms of colors, there are red faces, white faces, black faces and multicolored faces. People have different identities and are painted with different colors.

Chinese puppet shows are formally controlled by people, and puppets dress up specific characters. Performing simple stories in public was in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, especially in the Northern Qi Dynasty (55-577 AD).

According to legend, in the Southern Song Dynasty, puppet shows were introduced to Qiongdao from the mainland, and soon flourished in Hainan. In Lingao County, puppets are often invited to participate in folk activities such as exorcism, getting rid of diseases and disasters, and offering sacrifices to gods. This activity, which started purely as a sacrifice to the gods, gradually became a way for people to entertain in the development of later dynasties.

Early idols were mostly in the shape of gods and buddhas, and were as big as fists, so they were also called "Buddhist drama". Since then, idols have gradually grown and become human. For example, there are more than 2 wooden idols handed down from generation to generation by Chen Cheng, an old folk artist, and three of them have the words "Kangxi" engraved on the back of their heads. Because of its artistic characteristics, people and puppets perform on the same stage, that is, the performers hold puppets by hand, put on costumes, sing and fight, and all play the same role with their puppets. Its performance form, or operating puppets, the puppets are the upper body, the actors are accompanied by body steps, or the expressions of the actors supplement and enrich the idol expressions, so the folk call this puppet show "puppet show"

The "actors" in puppet shows are dual, and it is the "puppets" who really perform in public. Puppet modeling is not only a dramatic role carved and painted by people, but also a play set manipulated by people.

since the yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, puppet shows have entered the countryside from the city, and various styles and schools have formed the plastic arts of puppets. Due to different regions, various plastic features have emerged: Quanzhou Jiali Opera, Zhangzhou Puppet Show, Guangdong Zhangtou, Chaozhou Tiezhi, Heyang Line Opera, Wuqiao Pole Opera, Sichuan Big Puppet, and pattern renovation. Or the business is complete (raw, beautiful, clean and ugly), or the craft is excellent, or finely crafted, or broad-minded and freehand, with different charm, and there are world-famous carving masters like Jiang Jiazou and Xu Ziqing. After the Republic of China, especially in recent decades, puppet shows have gone from folk to specialization, performances have gone from open air to theaters, puppet modeling has been gradually modernized, and carving and painting techniques have reached a high level. On the whole, the level of puppet modeling art in China today is in step with the times.

The track of China puppet plastic arts can be roughly divided into three stages:

(1) Three sculptures and seven paintings. The artist carves the head shape first, and then draws the face to distinguish the characters. The modeling mainly depends on drawing the face.

(2) Combination of carving and painting. Paying equal attention to modeling, sculpture and painting, emphasizing creativity and technique, professional puppet artists and workshops have emerged. Before Ming and Qing Dynasties, they all belonged to these two stages.

(3) plasticity and randomness stage. Modern and contemporary puppet modeling artists make full use of modern scientific and technological products to design and make puppets according to the needs of drama content and the aesthetic trend of the times, making them more exaggerated and more characteristic of puppet art. They not only get rid of the tradition of pure drama, but also form a gorgeous puppet modeling world with their own different artistic pursuits. This is the unprecedented prosperity of China puppet plastic arts.

Muppets are called "silk puppet" in ancient times, also known as "line play". Originated from Han Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it has spread in Quanzhou, commonly known as "Jiali Opera". After hundreds of years of inheritance, it has gradually formed a complete and mature set of performance regulations, performance "line rules", idol production technology, rich performance repertoire and unique drama music-"puppet tune".

Puppet shows have been a part of Thai cultural traditions for hundreds of years. Thai puppets are different from European puppet shows because of their exquisite images. It is considered as one of the three most influential puppet shows in Asia.

Thai puppets are 4 cm tall and are half-sized puppets. It consists of the head, the main skeleton of the puppet and the shoulders, which are covered by special clothes. Both sides of the sleeves are made of inner thin skeletons to form hands. The Thai puppet show is performed by people and puppets on the same stage. When performing the puppet show, the actors hold the main skeleton in their left hand and the thin skeleton in their right hand. The tacit cooperation of the actors must take several years to train.

in 1998, the Thai puppet troupe (Bann Tookkatoon Hoon Krabok) was established. Inherited the essence of puppet show performance art, and made Thai puppet show go global.

For people in Southeast Asia, puppet shows symbolize childhood, joy and traditional culture. With the prosperity of the tourism industry, Vietnam's unique water puppet show has been dazzled by tourists as a national treasure. A gripping repertoire and unique performance mode are showing its unique charm, which is the first choice for tourists to visit Vietnam.

Water puppet show is the most distinctive traditional folk stage show in Vietnam, and it is also unique in the world. What is unusual about it is that the puppet show is performed on the surface of the pool. Performers must be immersed in water for a long time, and with their strong arm strength and skillful rope control skills, the dolls can vividly perform various legends and stories, and their dynamic and appropriate demeanor is amazing.

Vietnam's water puppet show is a very entertaining art performance, which is usually performed by ponds in various parts of rural Vietnam. If tourists want to see it, there is a theater dedicated to performing only once a night in ha noi. The performance is to build a small water pavilion with a red tile roof on the water, which is called the "Water God Pavilion". A bamboo curtain hangs from the water, and the puppet operator hides behind the bamboo curtain. The puppet is fixed at one end of a thin bamboo pole, and the other end is manipulated by people. These puppets are very cute, and there are also animals such as ducks, fish, boats and frogs to perform together. The content of the play is mostly based on Vietnamese historical stories and folklore, such as

this artistic performance, which began in Vietnam during the Ly dynasty (11-1225), originated from the Red River Delta where lakes and ponds were everywhere. Because water puppet shows were staged on the water surface, in rural areas, those natural lakes and ponds were the best free performance places. Since the water puppet show was founded, it gradually spread from northern Vietnam to the whole country, and reached its heyday in the 18th century, and attracted audiences with diverse plays, which became popular all over Vietnam.

It is said that during the Li Dynasty in Vietnam, water puppet show was an artistic etiquette to celebrate the emperor's birthday, and ordinary people could not have the opportunity to watch such a unique performance. In the past, there was no such thing as a professional water puppet troupe. Therefore, this skill was handed down from generation to generation. Now, these older generations who have this skill have become the best instructors of water puppet troupes all over Vietnam. At present, there is still an antique and almost complete water puppet show stage on the Long Tri Lake in the Thay Pagoda in Ha Tay Son province, Vietnam, and there is an audience by the lake. This is a typical stage in ancient times, unlike the present stage, which is built on an artificial pool.

Water puppet shows combine puppets with water wonderfully, and the plots are mostly based on Vietnamese life and folk stories. A complete Vietnamese version of water puppet show takes about 2 hours, and the content of the program truly depicts the life history of Vietnamese people. There are the most puppets in the repertoire that went to Beijing for China, which is very interesting.

Water puppet shows are all about how Vietnamese protect their country in the face of natural threats or enemy aggression. There are also descriptions of how Vietnamese farmers enjoy their leisure time after hard farming and harvest; There are also scenes in which the nominees who won the gold medal in the imperial examination returned to their hometown dressed in gold, and some folk activities such as lion dance, fairy dance and phoenix dance, as well as the Vietnamese fairy tale of Lake of the Restored Sword's golden turtle sword-pulling, etc. From the contents of these plays, we can see how much the Vietnamese people attach importance to local artistic characteristics and historical and cultural attitudes. Returning the arrow to the lake is a famous legend in Vietnam.

The most representative water puppet troupe in Vietnam is the Shenglong Troupe in Hanoi, which has its own theater ... The Shenglong Water Puppet Theatre, located at No.57B Ding Xianhuang Street, next to Lake of the Restored Sword, Hanoi, arranges two performances every night, each with 17 plays, and the performance time is 9 minutes. The equipment in the theater is very simple. On a waist-deep pool, there is a stage background like a palace and a temple. Below it are several bamboo curtains hanging to the water, and there are decorative drawing boards of rural scenery such as trees and plantains on both sides. The audience sits in front of the pool.

The theater can provide about 3 seats, but it is almost packed, and most of the people who go to watch it are foreign tourists. There is an orchestra seat on the left side of the stage. Every program performed here is provided with music or dubbing by an exclusive orchestra. They play traditional Vietnamese instruments and sometimes sing according to the needs of the plot. The whole scene is very lively.

The puppets are all very lively and have funny smiles. The puppets' hands and feet have movable joints. The puppets' operators stand behind the bamboo curtain and use long bamboo poles and thin lines to make the puppets jump, row, walk and even perform stunts freely. The puppets perform on the water, while the bamboo poles are hidden in the water.

At the beginning of a play, puppets of various shapes come out from behind the uncovered bamboo curtain, and then return to the curtain at the end, such as fishermen fishing, catching frogs, catching foxes, children swimming and playing in the water, begging for the phoenix, dancing lions, fairies coming down to earth, and the golden turtle rope Excalibur, etc., all of which are very common repertoire contents of water puppet shows, and the whole program runs through quite tightly, often bringing the audience from one consternation to another.

In the eyes of foreigners, it is much better to appreciate the humor and performing arts of a water puppet show than to soak in those dance halls, lounges and karaoke bars every night.

After the performance, all the performers who manipulate the puppets will come to the front from behind the bamboo curtain to take a curtain call to the audience. Only then will many audiences suddenly realize that these performers have been standing in the water all the time! I can't help but pay tribute to them. If you are interested in these lovely puppets, you can buy them just by visiting the art shops in downtown Hanoi.

In addition to arranging water puppet shows at the Shenglong Theater in Hanoi, there is also a theater that is open in the daytime in the Confucian Temple, a cultural relic also located in the urban area. However, compared with the Shenglong Theater, the program content, the skills and skills of performers and the sophistication of the stage are much inferior to those of the Shenglong Theater, but it is also convenient for international tourists who come and go in a hurry to enjoy. Because the performances of Shenglong Theater are not performed until evening, and the theaters in the Confucian Temple can buy tickets to enjoy them at any time during the daytime when the Confucian Temple is open

Although the water puppet show originated in North Vietnam, there is also a water puppet show troupe in Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam, and it spares no effort in promotion. In the past, there was a "Young Bamboo Shoots" theater in Ho Chi Minh City, but unfortunately it was burnt down in a fire in 1993 and forced to close. It was not until last year that the troupe opened a new world and rebuilt a simple theater in the open space of the War Crimes Museum, which was convenient for visitors to enjoy.

want to see Vietnam's own traditional culture? The water puppet show will never disappoint you, it will touch the throbbing heart, evoke memories of childhood, and make the journey leave fresh and indelible memories.

Japanese domestic literature is colorful, some are exotic things, while others are classical entertainment with a long history. For example,

Nengju: It is an extremely noble stage art, a simple lyrical drama, which is performed at religious festivals of Shinto programs.

The rhyming of lines and the recitation of plots, classical music and symbolic actions of actors are the characteristics of Nengju. What the actors wore was the ancient costume of the 15th century. The main characters also wear masks to show their various characteristics.

The top of the stage of Nengju is very similar to the roof of Shinto Temple. The equipment is simple, which is very suitable for the essence of Nengju.

Kabuki: Kabuki is a more popular drama art than Nengju. Different from Nengju, its success comes from the welcome and support of the audience. The success of Nengju was sponsored by the shogunate and the court. Kabuki's distinctive features are: rhyming lines, wonderful dances, pleasant music, luxurious costumes, colorful makeup and other carefully designed ornaments. What surprises foreigners most is that the heroine in the play is always played by a man. Large theaters have programs with English notes.

Wenle Opera: This kind of puppet.