Some game explanations about football

The Historical Origin of the European Champions Cup

After the end of World War II, football was fully revived all over the world, but it was only through the competition of national teams that the sport was popularized in all countries. By 1953, Wembley Stadium was full of England's 3-6 friendly defeat to Hungary. The same is true of international competitions between clubs. The overseas expeditions of Hungarian speight Hongweide, English Arsenal, Argentine Riverbed and Italian Juventus often attract a large number of fanatical fans. However, there is little communication between the national team and the club level. There are no international competitions between European clubs except for some competitions, such as the Mitteropa Cup and the Latin Cup. At this time, the French

Gabriel Yano put forward the idea of creating the European Champions Cup in the year of 1955.

Former French international Arno is the founder of the European Footballer of the Year Award, and he also writes for L 'Equipe and French Football Magazine. He has a keen feeling that there may be a brand-new competition that will bring together the top clubs in Europe. He suggested that famous clubs all over the world should create a new tournament by league system. At that time, UEFA was in full swing, and the first congress was scheduled for March 2, 1955. They are more concerned about internal organizations and how to win the national association to join their organizations. At that time, it had no conditions to support this ambitious and striking idea put forward by the French. The sponsors of the European Champions Cup actively contacted FIFA and UEFA, but the results were disappointing. Neither organization is very interested in playing without a national team.

At that time, the club-level international competitions held in continental Europe mainly included the Mitteropa Cup and the Latin Cup. Central European countries began to hold the Mitteropa Cup from 1927. At first, the competition was only played between Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Later, Italy, Romania, Switzerland and the team were accepted. Latin roots began in 1949, and teams from Portugal, Spain, Italy and France participated in it, which was a household name at that time. However, all these competitions, as well as some other small-scale competitions, are limited to exchanges between dry areas and do not include exchanges between the whole continent.

Yano's plan was warmly welcomed by Real Madrid, Anderlecht, rapid vienna Club and Hungarian Football Association. Other clubs hesitate or raise objections due to schedule conflicts, players' remuneration, night lighting and other reasons. Team newspaper entrusted Zaoyakde Risvik, a director of its editorial department, to organize a meeting attended by representatives of the then European host clubs to determine the competition form between European clubs. Santiago Bernabeu, president of Real Madrid, Spain, is one of the staunch supporters of the European Club Cup. The club he led has made many achievements in international competitions. In order to go further, he continued to take some effective measures, such as hiring several famous stars at that time: Stefano and Rial of Argentina.

The meeting was held on April 2-3, 1955. Although UEFA reiterated at the Vienna Executive Committee meeting a month ago that it would not cooperate with non-national teams, it still could not prevent the associations from sending representatives to Paris. The French newspaper L 'Equipe sent out 18 invitations, of which only two club representatives did not attend. One is Scotland's Edinburgh Irish team, but it agreed to take part in the new competition; The other is Dynamo Moscow of the Soviet Union, who explained that it was difficult to attend the meeting in the severe winter of the Soviet Union. At this historic meeting, the clubs reached an agreement on the competition system: the competition was attended by league champions from all countries; If the home and away elimination system is adopted, or the points and goal difference of the two teams are the same, a play-off will be played in the third game; The final of the Champions League must be held at the stadium determined in advance by UEFA; When playing in our team's stadium, the ticket income, advertising fee and TV broadcast fee will be handled by the host. At this meeting, an executive committee was also established, with Santiago Bernabeu as the first vice-chairman. The Committee is responsible for drafting the main points of the European Champions Cup and informing FIFA for understanding.

The European Football Association will hold another cup to replace the European Champions Cup proposed by L 'Equipe and most European clubs. The cup held by UEFA is not for club teams, but for city teams. The purpose is to strengthen friendly ties and sports exchanges between European cities. This proposal was supported by the English Football Association, which was dissatisfied with its failure to participate in the creation of the European Club Cup. This is the practice of the English Football Association, and the British always take a contemptuous attitude towards things that have not been studied in their own country. In fact, in the 1920s, four British football associations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) were at odds with FIFA. They quit the organization and stopped participating in the Olympic Games and previous World Cups. Stanley Rous, then secretary-general of the English Football Association, made it clear that the organization opposed the establishment of non-state and non-city competitions. He advocated organizing more friendship competitions among European people, clubs, cities, factories, youth organizations and schools.

Later, in June 1955, UEFA held the Cup of the International Urban Industry Expo, which was held three months earlier than the first European Champions Cup. However, despite UEFA's good intention to host the World Expo Cup, it can't stop this event from becoming a second-rate event. The first game dragged on for three years. The last match was between Barcelona and London in May 1958+0. During this period, three European Champions Cups have been held.

From 65438 to 0955, the development of the situation made FIFA change its view on the club's Champions League. They saw that the game really looked like that. In addition, the level of the participating teams is also very high. For example, Andre Lecht of Belgium, rapid vienna of Austria, Sporting Lisbon of Portugal and Real Madrid of Spain. On the other hand, after the first TV broadcast of the World Cup held in Switzerland from 65438 to 0954 and its success, the possibility of European TV organizations supporting the European Champions Cup increased, which means expanding their influence and making money.

At the suggestion of FIFA, UEFA began to reconsider its opposition to the Champions League. UEFA put forward conditions for the organizers of the European Champions Cup to return the right to organize the competition to UEFA, and the participation of club teams in the competition must be approved by their national associations.

After the proposed conditions were accepted, the UEFA Executive Committee held a meeting in Paris on May 2 1, 1955, inviting all interested clubs to participate. It was decided that UEFA would organize the tournament itself and rename it the European Champions Cup instead of the original European Club Cup.

The British still refuse to recognize the Champions League and ban Chelsea from the first game. However, the first European Champions Cup started in September 1955 and ended in Paris in May 1956, and Real Madrid won the championship.

1968 greatly revised the rules of the competition, that is, set up seed teams in the preliminary stage to avoid the premature meeting of strong teams. Another major change is to "control" the lottery to prevent countries with political disputes (such as the Soviet Union and Albania, Greece and Turkey). ) from the same group.

Since 1969, the practice of playing play-offs when the points and goal difference of the two teams are the same has been cancelled; But in the case of the same score and goal difference, the victory or defeat is decided according to the number of goals scored by the other team on the field, which is what we often call "double goals away from home." The purpose of doing this is to try to avoid teams adopting too conservative defensive tactics in the other team's field. If there is a draw in the final, overtime will be used. If there is still no tie, a play-off will be held. This happened only once in 1974. Bayern Munich beat Atletico Madrid 4-0 in the play-off and started their third consecutive championship.

1992 The semi-final of the European Champions Cup was introduced into the group round robin, and the first two teams played the final. So the game was renamed the European Cup, but people still used to call it the European Cup. In the following years, the competition system of the Champions League changed frequently, and the competition before the rematch gradually adopted the group round robin system. Teams participating in the competition are no longer limited to national league champions, and runners-up of some football powers can also participate. Manchester United 1999 won the championship magically, and they participated in the competition as the runner-up in the league. All these changes are to increase the number of games and make the participating teams get more benefits.

1998, in order to prevent major clubs from establishing a European super league, the UEFA Finals carried out the biggest reform in the history of the three major European cups from the 1999/2000 season: the European Cup Winners was cancelled. According to the ranking of European club competition results, countries can send 1-4 teams to participate in the European Champions Cup; In the Champions League, there are two stages of group round robin. In the first stage, the third place in each group can continue to participate in the UEFA Cup.

The allocation of places in the Champions League is determined by UEFA according to the coefficient of clubs participating in European competitions in the past five years.

The European Champions Cup is allocated by the champions of the European League or the top 2 (according to the league level). For high-level leagues such as Serie A, Premier League, Bundesliga and La Liga, the top two players can advance directly, while the third and fourth players need to participate in the Champions League qualifiers held at the beginning of each season. Other leagues with lower levels have only one direct entry quota, or even only one qualifying quota. ) A football match. This is one of the highest level club events in the world. The Champions League final is usually held in mid-May every year. Teams can get a lot of income, including TV broadcasting rights and ticket commission, which is the dream of many small and medium-sized clubs. So far, Real Madrid of Spain has won the Champions League the most times.

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Among them, 15 Club won the championship directly from Spain (champion and runner-up), England (champion and runner-up), Italy (champion and runner-up), Germany (champion and runner-up), France (champion and runner-up), Portugal (champion), Greece (champion), Netherlands (champion) and Czech Republic (champion).

In short, it changes every year. A ***32 teams started the official competition, group competition, 16 nearly 8, 8 into 4, semi-finals and finals.

The UEFA Cup is a club event organized by UEFA. Founded in197172 season, formerly known as Expo Cup.

The European League won different positions in the UEFA Cup. According to the league's ranking in the UEFA ranking system, it can be divided into 1-3 places. Just as a league has multiple places, there is usually one place allocated to the cup champion. There are even cases where the cup champion occupies two positions. For example, in England, FA Cup winners and Carling Cup winners can get tickets to the UEFA Cup. Every season, the top leagues on UEFA's fair competition list can get extra seats in the UEFA Cup. In addition, the three teams that won the UEFA International Toto Cup final can also enter the UEFA Cup.

At present, the UEFA Cup adopts the home and away two-round elimination system, but since the 1997/98 season, the UEFA Cup final has been changed to a neutral venue. In the UEFA ranking system, teams belonging to lower leagues need to participate in play-offs. Teams eliminated in the third round of the Champions League enter the UEFA Cup 1 round. Eight teams ranked third in the European Champions Cup group stage entered the third round of the UEFA Cup.

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The three traditional European cups are the Champions Cup, the UEFA Cup and the European Winners Cup. Like the European League, it is a multi-year event, which is once a year, that is, from the end of July of the previous year (including teams participating in the Champions League qualifiers and the International Toto Cup, because the winners of the Toto Cup can participate in the UEFA Cup) to the end of May of the following year, the European Winners Cup no longer exists, and it is 1999.

Its predecessor was 1960, the "Double Cup" founded by England and the China-Europe Cup Committee. There are 10 teams participating in the first double cup.

196 1 year, uefa took over the double cup and officially named it the European winners cup. The 32 teams participating in the competition must be champions of European countries in the last year, and the whole game adopts the home and away two-round elimination system.

From 1995 to 48 teams, 16 team directly participated in the first round, and the remaining 32 teams fought each other. The winning 16 team can enter the first round.

Since the 1999-2000 season, UEFA has included the Winners Cup in the UEFA Cup.

The European Super Cup includes the European Champions Cup and the UEFA Cup.