Physics lovers, please tell interesting physics stories! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Archimedes, an ancient Greek scholar, once declared with great pride: Give me a fulcrum and I can move the earth. Tesla, a modern American inventor, is even more "bullish". He said: with a vibrator, I can split the earth in half!

He came to Wall Street, climbed an unfinished reinforced building, took a small object out of his coat pocket, clamped it on one of the steel beams, and then pressed a small button on it. After a few minutes, you can feel the steel beam shaking. Slowly, the intensity of trembling began to increase, extending to the whole building. Finally, the whole steel structure began to creak.

The ground made a noise and shook. The frightened steel frame workers thought that something had happened to the building, even an earthquake, and hurriedly fled from the viaduct to the ground. Seeing that things were getting more and more serious, he felt it was time to end the prank, so he took the little thing back and slipped away quietly from an underground passage, leaving the frightened and inexplicable workers on the construction site.

The above paragraph is a description of the vibrator invented by the famous American inventor Tesla. The "small object" mentioned in it is a vibrator. It can be predicted that if he leaves this small object open for another ten minutes, the building will definitely fall to the ground. According to the book, the Brooklyn Bridge (the bridge connecting Manhattan Island and Long Island in new york) can be destroyed by the same small object in less than an hour, and it will fall into the deep and dark sea floor. Moreover, in this book, Tesla even said: With this little thing, I can split the earth in two!

Is this science fiction or absurd fiction? Otherwise, a little thing with a fist that weighs no more than a few catties really has such great power that it can knock down a towering building or even a giant bridge? What is this?

It turned out to be a * * * vibrator, and its power mainly lies in that it can emit waves of various frequencies. When these waves with different frequencies act on different objects, * * * vibration waves can be generated accordingly. When this * * * vibration wave reaches a certain level, objects can be destroyed.

If you still have questions about the power of * * * vibration, let's learn about it together.

* * * Vibration created the world.

* * * Vibration is a very common technical term in physics. * * * Vibration is defined as the phenomenon that when two objects with the same vibration frequency vibrate, the other object vibrates.

* * * vibration is also called "* * * sound" in acoustics, which refers to the phenomenon that objects produce sound due to * * * vibration. For example, when two tuning forks with the same frequency approach, one of them vibrates and makes sound, and the other one also makes sound.

In electricity, the phenomenon of * * * vibration in an oscillating circuit is called "resonance".

One of the important conditions for * * * vibration is to be elastic. When an object is exposed to external frequency, its frequency should be the same as or basically similar to the latter. Generally speaking, most substances in the universe are elastic, from planets to atoms, almost all of them can vibrate at one or more natural frequencies.

* * * vibration is not only used very frequently in physics, but also one of the most common and frequent natural phenomena in the universe, so to some extent it can even be said that * * * vibration has produced the universe and everything in the world. Without vibration, there would be no world.

As we all know, the universe was formed after a violent big bang. One of the root causes of the Big Bang was the vibration. When the universe is still in a chaotic singularity, it begins to oscillate. At first, this oscillation was very weak. Gradually, the frequency of oscillation is getting stronger and stronger, and it causes * * * vibration. Finally, under the action of * * * vibration and expansion * * *, there was an earth-shattering noise, and the universe expanded rapidly in an instant. Then came the sun, the moon and the stars, so there were the sun, the moon, rivers and rivers on the earth, where plants flourished and animals flew around.

* * * vibration not only creates the macroscopic universe, but also the microscopic material world is closely related to * * * vibration. From the electromagnetic spectrum, the energy of nuclear, electronic, photon and other substances in the micro-world is transmitted in the form of fluctuation. The chemical elements in the early days of the universe can also be said to be produced by vibration synthesis. Some particles are incredibly small, but they can combine with each other in an instant of1000 trillionth of a second under the action of * * * vibration, thus producing new chemical elements. Because the generation of these particles in the universe is closely related to the * * * vibration, particle physics often calls particles "* * * vibration bodies".

Since * * * vibration is the universal law of the movement of all substances in the universe, and people and other creatures are also substances in the universe, of course, * * * vibration is also common in these lives.

In addition to breathing, heartbeat, blood circulation, etc. People have their own natural frequency, and the brain waves generated during thinking activities will also vibrate. Similar vibration phenomena are also common in other animals. Every tremor between our throats is due to the vibration with the air, which forms syllables and sentence language, so that we can express our feelings and communicate with each other in these languages.

Many animals have other forms of vibration. In the hot noon, cicadas make the sound of "cicadas, cicadas"; On a quiet night, crickets hiss. And the tireless chirping of grasshoppers with big bellies. Although the tones of these insects are very different, their similarities are all based on the principle of vibration, and they all make sounds by rubbing a certain part of the body with air. In addition to insects, birds are also masters at playing the song of life with * * * vibration. Their mellow and euphemistic songs with the vibration of * * * are the most beautiful sounds and melodies in the chorus of life in nature. So it can be said that if there were no vibration, how much sound the world would lose and how lifeless the earth would become!

In fact, more importantly, vibration can act as a protector of life on earth. As we all know, ultraviolet rays are a kind of rays emitted by the sun. If they invade the earth on a large scale, human beings and all kinds of living things will be greatly hurt, because excessive ultraviolet rays will seriously damage the function of living things. But don't worry, there is an ozone layer in our atmosphere, and it is they that prevent ultraviolet rays from coming in directly with the help of vibration. When ultraviolet rays pass through the atmosphere, the vibration frequency of the ozone layer can just vibrate with ultraviolet rays, so this vibration absorbs most of the ultraviolet rays. Therefore, * * * vibration can make the ozone layer in the atmosphere like a sunscreen, ensuring that we will not be harmed by radiation.

In addition, * * * vibration can also keep the earth at a suitable temperature and create a suitable growth environment for life on earth. Because despite the interception and pursuit of the ozone layer, a small number of ultraviolet rays can successfully break through the layers of defense and reach the surface of the earth. After this part of ultraviolet light is absorbed by the earth, its energy is reduced, and it becomes infrared light, which diffuses into the atmosphere again. The heat of infrared rays can just vibrate with carbon dioxide, and then be "retained" in the atmosphere, so that the atmosphere can maintain a certain temperature and everything can grow in a warm and warm environment.

As the saying goes, everything grows on the sun. In fact, it can also be said that everything grows by vibration. Because we are familiar with the photosynthesis of plants, chlorophyll vibrates with some visible light, absorbs sunlight and produces oxygen and nutrients. So without vibration, plants can't grow, and humans and many animals will lose their food sources. In other words, without vibration, life on earth cannot exist for a long time.

* * * Zhen is also a magical painter, who is good at using colors and tones, magically coloring everything we see and making our world colorful. Sodium light is yellow because the vibration of sodium atoms produces yellow light. The vibration of mercury atoms emits blue light. The vibration of neon atoms will turn red when it reaches your eyes. On the ground, * * * vibration also dyed all objects in various colors, from flowers to fruits. Red apples absorb the vibration frequencies of sunlight which we call blue light and green light, so what we see is bright red and mouth-watering. The vibration frequency of chlorophyll molecules in green leaves is in the range of red and blue light of the sun, so the vibration * * * corrodes these two colors and only reflects green to our eyes, so the leaves look vibrant and dense green or light green. It is the same leaf. In autumn, it is "corroded" by the vibration of * * * but it is green, so it reflects yellow or red, reflecting the desolation and sadness in autumn. It is the illusory rainbow that is red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple because of vibration. Therefore, our life has such beautiful and charming flowers, colorful and brilliant, all thanks to the vibration of * * * *.

* * * Vibration can also destroy the world.

Everything has two sides, and the * * * shock is not entirely good news for us, but it is also very harmful.

When it comes to the harm of * * * vibration, people are most familiar with it and cite the following examples:/kloc-In the middle of the 8th century, a group of soldiers, under the command of the commander, walked across a bridge in Anger, France with majestic and uniform steps. When they reached the center of the bridge, the bridge suddenly shook strongly and eventually broke and collapsed, causing many officers and soldiers and citizens to fall into the water and die. After investigation, it was * * * that caused the tragedy! Because when the soldiers in the brigade went to March in a hurry, a frequency coincided with the natural frequency of the bridge, which strengthened the vibration of the bridge. When its amplitude reaches the maximum, until it exceeds the withstand voltage of the bridge, the bridge is broken. Similar incidents occurred in Russia and the United States. In view of this, the armies of many countries later stipulated that when a large group of people crossed the bridge, they should change to quick march.

For this bridge, what can break it is not only the heavy and neat steps of a large group of people, but also the seemingly empty wind can pose a threat to it. 1940, the 860m Tacom Bridge in America collapsed due to the * * * vibration caused by strong wind. Although the wind speed at that time was less than 1/3 of the design wind speed limit, the actual anti-vibration strength of the bridge was unqualified, which led to the accident. Tropical storms that ravage coastal areas every year also destroy houses and crops with the help of * * *. In recent decades, the United States, Europe and other countries and regions have repeatedly experienced high-rise buildings shaking violently due to the * * * vibration caused by strong winds.

It is also because of the power of vibration that huge glaciers can be split by "gentle" waves. Even huge waves as high as several hundred meters often appear in Lee Du Ya Bay, Alaska, USA, because * * * vibration plays a great role in it. Because the * * * vibration of this bay is too severe, many sailors "stay away from it".

Earthquakes that have caused heavy casualties and property losses also have "ghost" vibration: when a plate in the local crust breaks, the generated wave frequency will be transmitted to the ground, which will cause strong * * * vibration with buildings, resulting in the tragedy of house destruction and death.

In fact, the harm degree and scope of * * * vibration goes far beyond this. Constant sound at a certain frequency will break the glass. Operation of the machine may damage the frame due to vibration. A loud shout on the mountain can cause the snow on the top of the mountain to shake in an instant, causing a big avalanche. If the rotation period of a moving car is just synchronized with the natural rhythm of the spring, then the vibration can make the car out of control, which will lead to the destruction of the car.

People will come into contact with various vibration sources in life and production, which may be harmful to human body. Scientific tests show that different parts of the human body have different natural frequencies, such as the natural frequency of the eyeball at most about 60 Hz and the natural frequency of the skull at most about 200 Hz. Looking at the human body as a whole, if the natural frequency in the horizontal direction is about 3-6 Hz, the natural frequency in the vertical direction is about 48 Hz. Therefore, operators who are very close to vibration sources, such as tractor drivers, pneumatic picks, shovels, chainsaws and trowels, should try their best to avoid the natural frequencies of these vibration sources and the vibration of relevant parts of the human body. Moreover, in order to ensure the safety and health of workers, the relevant departments have also made corresponding regulations, requiring that the frequency of all kinds of vibrating machinery operated by hand must be greater than 20 Hz.

What is particularly harmful to people is the vibration caused by infrasound waves. Infrasound is a kind of sound wave, which vibrates so little every second that our ears can't hear it. The sound frequency of infrasound is very low, generally below 20 MHz, but the wavelength is very long and it is not easy to weaken. Natural solar magnetic storm, roaring waves, thunder and lightning, sudden change of air pressure, volcanic eruption; Military atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb explosion test, rocket launch, aircraft flight, etc. , can produce infrasound waves. Around our work, study and life, there are many low-power devices that can generate infrasound waves, such as blowers, induced draft fans, compressors, vacuum pumps, diesel engines, electric fans, vehicle engines and so on. This magical function of infrasound has also attracted great attention of military experts. Some countries have developed infrasound weapons, infrasound guns and bombs by using the nature of infrasound. Whether it is an infrasonic gun or an infrasonic bomb, the infrasonic wave with the frequency of 16- 17 Hz vibrates with some organs in the human body, causing the organs of the victim to deform, shift or bleed, thus achieving the purpose of killing the enemy. Modern scientific research has proved that a large number of infrasound waves with the frequency of 16- 17 Hz can cause unbearable trembling of human body, leading to visual impairment, disorientation, nausea and other symptoms, and even visceral injury or rupture, which can lead to death. This kind of infrasound weapon can be said to be a technical extreme for human beings to use vibration to hurt themselves.

Cleverly eliminate the harm of vibration

* * * Vibration brings unexpected disasters to people. So, can people eliminate these disasters? Therefore, people have summed up many methods to eliminate the vibration of * * * through practice.

According to historical records, some people in the Jin Dynasty in China gave a correct explanation to the phenomenon of * * * vibration, and they have been able to fully realize that the best way to prevent * * * vibration is to change the natural frequency of an object, so that the greater the difference between it and the frequency of external force, the better.

In ancient times, there was an interesting story about how people skillfully eliminated vibration. In the Tang Dynasty, a musical instrument hung in a monk's room of a temple in Luoyang often sounded automatically for no reason, so the monks became frightened into illness and sought treatment everywhere. He has a friend who is an official in charge of music in North Korea. He went to see him when he heard the news. At this moment, I just heard the bell ring in the temple and the musical instrument rang again. So the friend said: I can cure your illness, because I found the root of your illness. I saw a friend find an iron file and grind it on the instrument a few times, and the instrument will never sound automatically again. My friend explained that this musical instrument conforms to the vibration frequency of the bell in the temple, so when the bell rings, the musical instrument will ring accordingly. Now, if you file the instrument a little, it will change its natural vibration frequency, and it will no longer ring with the bell of the temple. The monk suddenly realized that the disease had been cured.

Today, mankind has various more advanced methods to deal with the harm of vibration. For example, people often install some sponges, plastic foam or curtains in cinemas, cinemas and other places with high sound insulation requirements, so that the frequency of sound can not vibrate with these soft objects, but be absorbed by them. Another example is that the motor should be installed on the foundation of cement pouring, firmly connected with the earth, or installed on a heavy chassis to increase the natural frequency of the foundation part, thus increasing the difference between the motor vibration frequency (driving force frequency) and preventing the foundation vibration.

Pedestrians in the street, the noise of vehicles, the rumble of machines-these constant noises not only affect people's normal life, but also damage people's hearing. So people invented the muffler, which consists of an orifice plate with many small holes and a cavity. When the noise frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the muffler, it will vibrate violently with the air column in the small hole. In this way, a considerable part of noise can be "swallowed up" during vibration, and can also be converted into heat energy for utilization.

Bring happiness with vibration energy.

In fact, the use of * * * vibration in China can be traced back to a long time ago.

As early as the early Warring States period, people at that time invented various alarms to detect the enemy. Mozi's epigraphy records several of them:

Dig a deep pit under the city wall at regular intervals, and bury a pottery urn with a capacity of 70-80 liters in the pit, and the mouth of the urn is covered with leather. In this way, a buzzer is actually finished. Let people with smart hearing lie on this buzzer and listen. When the enemy digs a tunnel to attack the city, it can not only detect it, but also identify the direction and distance of the enemy according to the loudness difference of each jar. Another method is to bury two jars covered with skin in the same pit, and the two jars are separated by a certain distance, so the direction of the enemy can be judged according to the loudness difference between the two jars.

The above methods have been used by military strategists throughout the ages. Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in the Ming Dynasty, used the above method to listen to the voice of the enemy digging tunnels. Even in some modern wars in this century, many countries and nations continue to adopt these methods.

China invented another lighter, simpler and more practical musical instrument in ancient times. For example, in the army of the Tang Dynasty, there was a leather pillow called an "empty gourd", which was used by soldiers with sensitive hearing and high alertness when camping. "A mortal horse travels three miles, and it is heard in the east, west, north and south." When the sound propagates through the ground to the cavity, reverberation is generated at the cavity, and how far the enemy is can be known. It is worth mentioning that this method of listening to the earth sound with a bamboo tube is the origin of modern medical stethoscope.

Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, skillfully used the vibration principle of * * * to design a small human figure dancing on strings: firstly, adjust the strings of a piano or harp according to the needs of ordinary performance, and then cut some small paper figures to clip on each string. When a string that does not hold the paper man is played, the paper man on the vibrating string will dance to the music. This invention predates similar inventions in the West by centuries.

In modern times, with the development of science and technology and the in-depth study of vibration, vibration "oscillates" more and more frequently and more closely in our society and life.

* * * sound in stringed instruments, electric resonance in radio, etc. , is to make the natural frequency of the system and the frequency of the driving force the same, produce * * * vibration. We can often see in the construction site that when pouring concrete walls or floors, builders always use vibrators to vibrate while pouring concrete, so as to improve the quality and make the concrete more compact and firm due to vibration. In addition, there are pulverizers, vibrometers, electric vibration pumps, speedometers, etc. Are using * * * vibration phenomenon to work.

After entering the 20th century, microwave technology has made great progress, bringing our human life into a brand-new and more magical field. And microwave technology is a very clever use of vibration technology. Microwave technology is not only widely used in TV, radio, communication and other fields, but also "into the room", which is more and more closely related to people's daily life. Microwave oven is the best embodiment of home application of vibration technology. Electromagnetic waves with a frequency of about 2500 Hz are called "microwaves". The vibration frequency of water molecules in food is almost the same as that of microwave. When microwave heats food, it produces a strong oscillating electromagnetic field in the furnace, which makes the water molecules in the food be forced to vibrate and produce * * * vibration, which converts electromagnetic radiation energy into heat energy, thus making the temperature of food rise rapidly. Microwave heating technology is an integrated heating technology for the inside of objects, which is completely different from the previous way of heating objects from the outside. It is an advanced technology, which greatly improves the heating efficiency and is very beneficial to environmental protection.

A person's life is inseparable from the "bath" and "moisture" of music, and beautiful and graceful music also contains the "spirit" of trembling. Experts believe that the frequency, rhythm and regular sound wave vibration of music are a kind of physical energy, and moderate physical energy will cause harmonious vibration of human tissues and cells. The vibration caused by this sound wave will directly affect people's brain waves, heart rate, breathing rhythm and so on. And make the cell body vibrate slightly, which makes people feel comfortable. The change of rhythm will make people feel very comfortable. It activates cells in the body, accelerates blood flow, and activates human life potential at the physical level. It is also found that when people are in a beautiful and pleasant music environment, they can improve the functions of the mental system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system and digestive system, promote the secretion of a healthy active substance, improve the excitement of the cerebral cortex, inspire people's spirit, and cultivate and sublimate people's hearts. Therefore, people began to use the * * * vibration produced by music to alleviate people's bad psychological state such as tension, anxiety and depression caused by various factors, and it can also be used to treat some psychological and physical diseases.

As we know, particle accelerator is very important for the research and development of physics, and it is no exaggeration to describe the application of particle accelerator to * * * vibration by "reaching the peak". In the basic small universe of particle physics, every kind of energy has a corresponding frequency, and vice versa. This is a natural principle of material complementarity, which has the characteristics of both waves and particles. Matter has frequency because of its fluctuation. Particle accelerator is to use such a * * * vibration principle to superimpose many small "ripples" to produce a big "peak", which can push electrons or protons close to the speed of light and produce particles under high-speed collision.

In a word, vibration is not only an objective existence, but also a scientific and technological field to be further explored. * * * Vibration technology is widely used in almost all scientific and technological fields such as machinery, chemistry, mechanics, electromagnetism, optics and molecules, atomic physics and engineering technology. For example, the vibration of the horn cone in audio equipment and the vibration of the sound cavity in the resonance box of various stringed instruments all use the "mechanical vibration"; The reception and emission of electromagnetic waves use "electromagnetic vibration"; The laser is generated by "optical vibration"; Medical technology has become very popular "nuclear magnetic resonance" and so on. In the wave of vigorous development of information technology, genetic science, nano-materials and aerospace high technology since 2 1 century, vibration technology has been widely used. And with the development of science, it can be predicted that the * * * vibration will have a greater "shock" to our society.