Lily planting technology exchange (lily planting technology and management)

Some time ago, we were planting lilies on a large scale. Many friends asked me questions about lily planting and management through different channels. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically share practical experience with you in the form of articles.

Lily, as a classic bulbous flower, is one of the well-deserved protagonists, whether it is planted for viewing or pruned at home. As the traditional origin of lily, China also has rich cultural heritage among the people. When it comes to lily, it will be associated with a hundred years of harmony, and lovers will be full of joy when they give each other lilies. Lily symbolizes great love and flowers full of memories. Flower language is "indifferent to eternity" and "eternal love", so lily is deeply loved by everyone.

With the rapid development of gardening technology, there are many varieties of lilies on the market, and many people are confused. Here, I will briefly sort it out with you. Lily, a horticultural ornamental variety, is almost a hybrid variety. Common Asian lily series (type A), Oriental lily series is also called perfume lily (type 0), iron cannon lily series is also called musk lily (type L) and trumpet lily series (type T). OT lily (hybrid cultivation of Oriental series and trumpet series), LA lily (hybrid cultivation of iron cannon series and Asian series) and LO lily (hybrid cultivation of trumpet series) were cultivated through hybridization. Different series of lilies have different characteristics and representative varieties, such as Asian lilies with many flower heads, rich varieties of colors, low plants and no fragrance, and representative varieties are lollipops, shuttles, etc. Oriental Lily (perfume lily), with strong fragrance, large flowers, rich colors and tall figure, has representative varieties such as Casablanca, Siberia, Sorbonne and souvenirs. The representative varieties of OT lily are Zorro, wooden door and so on. LA eyeliner, messenger, etc. Friends who are interested in lily varieties can check the details online, so I won't go into details here.

Oriental lily series, OT lily series and Asian lily series are the most widely used flowers in gardens. Lily planting is similar to another bulbous flower tulip planting, but there are also differences. Lily is a perennial herb (flowers are only used for one or two crops), with a height of 30 ~ 100 cm. Its bulb is oval, and it likes cold, humid and semi-cool environment. Suitable for fertile and loose soil. The optimum growth temperature of lily is 12 ~ 25℃, and the daytime temperature can rise to 20 ~ 25℃. If the temperature is lower than 65438℃ and the temperature is higher (> 26℃) in strong light season, it is necessary to use sunshade nets, fan wet curtains and other facilities to cool down, so as to ensure a good growth environment for lilies and prevent the flower stems from shortening and the quality from declining. The most suitable humidity is 75% ~ 85% to avoid ups and downs. If the temperature and humidity change too fast, it is easy to cause leaf burning, so lily is usually planted in spring and autumn. In March-April and August 8- 10/0, different regions can accurately grasp the specific planting time of lily according to the local climate environment.

1, land consolidation

Our lily planting project is in Guizhou. According to the climate habits there, lily planting is arranged in mid-August, that is, around summer. The planting place is arranged in early August. Lily is suitable for growing in a slightly acidic environment. If the site is moderately alkaline, sulfur powder or humic acid can be added. The land in the planting area should be thoroughly plowed and loosened, and the miscellaneous roots and stones in the soil should be cleared. Lily is not suitable for continuous cropping. If the last crop is lily or other plants of Liliaceae and Cucurbitaceae, it is necessary to change fields for planting, or thoroughly disinfect the soil before planting. Pentachloronitrobenzene and lime nitrogen can be used for disinfection. Soil refinement cannot be caked, and decomposed organic fertilizer is better as base fertilizer. Lily is a chlorine-resistant plant. When mixing chemical fertilizer, you should see its composition clearly. After cleaning up the site, the drainage ditch should be well done to prevent the planting bed from being blocked by water.

2, seed ball acceptance

Lily bulbs are stored in the cold storage. Once shipped out, it does not need to enter the cold storage, but needs to be temporarily stored in a low temperature or cool and ventilated environment and planted underground as soon as possible. The bulbous flower is "five-point bulbous and five-point cultivated" because the huge bulbous flower provides sufficient nutrients for the key germination and growth in the early stage, which is the characteristic of bulbous flower. Therefore, the quality of bulbs directly determines the flowering quality of lily. If the quality of planting balls is good, the success is half done. Lily bulb is also called lily bulb. Bulb quality requirements: the specifications are consistent without variegated, the texture is solid, complete, free of pests and diseases, full, the surface layer is not weathered and dehydrated, and the top bud point is obviously light green.

3, seed ball treatment

Check the seed balls again before planting, and remove the rotten seed balls in time. Prepare 2-3 vats (300-500L), prepare 800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil and other broad-spectrum fungicides (namely 2g or 2ml of drug mixture 1l), soak the seeds to be planted in the medicinal liquid for 20-30min, and then drain them to the ground.

4. Planting form:

The planting spacing of lilies is 20-25 plants per square meter, and the spacing is 20-30cm. There are three planting methods of lily in the field: digging, releasing and digging. We adopt digging planting mode. As the name implies, hole-digging planting is to dig holes evenly on the planting bed according to the planting spacing, and the hole diameter is generally two to four times the diameter of the seed ball. If the improvement effect of seedbed soil is generally improved, planting holes can be partially improved twice, and the effect is also good. Because of the large planting spacing of lily, digging holes for lily saves labor and cost, so digging holes for lily is the mainstream planting method.

5. Planting

After the planting hole is dug, the lily can be placed vertically to prevent the bulb from lodging. Note that the fleshy roots at the base of the lily are facing down and the buds are facing up, and then gently cover the soil. The thickness of covering soil varies with seasons, such as 7-9 cm for bulb planting in spring and 8-12 cm in autumn; Clay can be shallower, and loose soil with poor water retention can be deeper, with a depth of 10- 14cm. It is forbidden to trample after covering the soil.

6, maintenance: watering

Lily planted on the same day should be thoroughly watered on the same day to keep the soil moist for three to five days. If you need to water in the future, you should also water it thoroughly at one time, so that you don't need to water it when the soil is wet. Lily is suitable for growing in a slightly acidic environment. If the soil becomes alkaline due to repeated watering, it can be adjusted by adding some soil fertilizer containing rotten leaves.

7. Maintenance: high temperature control and straw sealing.

The south in August and September is still a hot season. Lily is a plant that likes shade and is afraid of heat and waterlogging. Sun protection and ventilation measures must be taken in high temperature in summer. When planting in the field, a sunshade net should be set up in advance to shade 50%. Lily will bud in about 20 days, so it is necessary to increase some sunshine in time and control the supplement of water and fertilizer. This requires timely grass sealing measures, such as using jinduer and other grass sealing agents.

8. Maintenance: pest control

Disease is the most threatening factor to lily, especially in rainy and humid environment, which is easy to breed various diseases, such as lily blight, virus disease, leaf blight, black stem disease and so on. Of course, there are other factors that can also cause various diseases, so I summarized the following points for lily post-management: 1, disinfect the bulbs well before planting; 2. The planting area needs rotation and stubble replacement; 3. Clean up accumulated water in time; 4. Clear weeds in time; 5. Reasonably increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the growth period; 6. Pull out the diseased plants in time and destroy them properly, and spray broad-spectrum fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and zineb for 2~3 times.

9. Flowering period

Lily enters the flowering period from 8 weeks after planting 10 weeks, and the flowering period varies with varieties. Generally, lilies in spring can't survive the rainy season or the hot and dry season. Lily in autumn can't survive the cold winter. If you want to carry out the second reproduction, you can dig out the underground bulb (bulb) when the lily is completely withered. Bulbs need to be kept in a cool and dry environment at low temperature, and lilies can reproduce through bulbs or scales.