"The Road to Shu is Difficult" tutorial and answers "" (2)

Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. His courtesy name is Taibai, his nickname is Qinglian Jushi, and he has the reputation of "Poetry Immortal". The poetic style is majestic and bold, the emotions are unrestrained, the fantasy is rich, and the images are vivid. He is another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese poetry. Together with Du Fu, he is also known as "Li Du". There is "The Collection of Li Taibai", and his representative works include "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "About to Enter the Wine", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell", "Quiet Night Thoughts", "Early Departure from Baidi City", etc.

2. About Shu Road

Shu Road starts from Ningqiang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province in the north, and ends in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in the south. It is 450 kilometers long and enters Sichuan via Guangyuan, Jiange, Zitong, Mianyang, Deyang, etc. land. The terrain along the route is dangerous, with verdant mountains, majestic scenery, and numerous passes. Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty once described it as "the road to Shu is difficult, and it is difficult to reach the blue sky."

3. Regarding the purpose of writing this poem

Meng Qi's "Poem of Poem" of the Tang Dynasty and "Tang Yan" written by Wang Dingbao of the Five Dynasties both record that Li Bai first came to Chang'an to meet with He Zhizhang and presented " "The Road to Shu is Difficult", and won the title of "immortal". It can be seen that this is a study by Li Bai. It is probably based on galloping literary talent and may not have any meaning. When Li Bai was young, he often imitated the poems and prose of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, in order to surpass the ancients. Du Fu once said about Li Bai's poems: "Li Hou has some good lines, which are often like Yin Keng." ?From a poetic point of view, this is a poem to send a friend to Shu. It was probably written in the early years of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty. Works with similar themes are also included in the collection of Li Bai, including the five-character poems "Sending Friends to Shu" and "Jiange Fu", which can corroborate each other. Because of He Zhizhang's appreciation, Li Bai became famous and established his status as a "poetry immortal". "The Road to Shu is Difficult" can be said to be his famous work.

4. Li Bai's "Sending Friends to Shu"

It is said that silkworms follow the road, which is rugged and difficult to travel. The mountain rises from the human face, and the clouds rise from the horse's head.

The fragrant trees cage Qinzhan, and the spring flow surrounds the city of Shu. The rise and fall should have been determined, so there is no need to ask about the level.

5. Li Bai's "Jiange Ode"

Looking five thousand miles south of Xianyang, you can see Cui Wei of Yunfeng. There is a sword pavilion in front of it, which cuts across it and opens in the middle against the blue sky. Above, the pines are rustling in the wind, and apes are mourning each other. Next to it, there are rapids and gullies, rocks are thrown and sprayed into the pavilion, and the waves are turbulent and thunderous.

I am sending this beautiful lady away, when will I come back? I hope that my husband will be safe and sound, and I sigh deeply. Looking at the waves in the east, I feel sad that the sun is hiding in the west. The farewell swallows are accompanied by the sound of autumn, and the clouds are dark and sad about the Qin Dynasty. If the bright moon comes out of the sword pavilion, I will drink with you and remember each other.

Overall perception

"The Road to Shu is Difficult" was originally an ancient Yuefu title and belongs to "Xianghe Ge Ci? Se Tiaoqu". Li Bai's ancient poems before him also often praised the dangers of mountains and rivers in Shu. For example, Chen Yinkeng, a famous poet in the Southern Dynasty, wrote in "The Road to Shu is Difficult": "The wheel destroys the nine-fold road, and the horse blocks the Seven-Star Bridge. The road to Shu is so difficult, and the fame is so valuable." ?The poet in this article adopted ancient Yuefu titles and introduced new ones. With rich imagination, unrestrained language, and vigorous writing style, he vividly described the beautiful and steep mountain scenery on the road from Qin to Shu. The poem is full of strong romanticism.

The structure of "The Road to Shu is Difficult" goes back and forth. The beginning of the poem talks about the difficulty of the road to Shu. It hits the theme with a strong emotional chant and sets the tone for the whole poem. With the ups and downs of emotions and changes in natural scenes, the chant "The road to Shu is difficult, it is difficult to reach the blue sky" appears repeatedly, forming a pattern with this theme sentence running through the whole and in-depth content.

Learning process

1. Add Braille phonetic notation to the following:

噫囱( ) 鱼嫱( ) 青sai( )

Shizhan ( ) Yuanxiang ( ) Muncan ( )

Fuying ( ) Yan ( ) Yanxuanxi ( )

Feituan ( ) Ping ( ) Yacuiwei ( )

Sucking blood ( ) Sighing ( )

2. Divide the rhythm of the following poems

(1) Geezing, the danger is high! The Road of Shu It is more difficult than going up to the blue sky!

(2) There is a high mark of six dragons returning to the sun above, and a rushing wave and turning back to Sichuan below.

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3. Explain the meaning and usage of the added words in the following sentences.

(1) The ape is eager to overcome its sorrow and climbs up (2) The male and female fly around the forest

(3) Let people listen to this withering red face (4) Turn the stone on the cliff Wanhe Lei

(5) Look sideways to the west and sigh (6) Avoid tigers in the morning and snakes in the evening

IV. Explain the highlighted words in the following sentences

(1) Danger ( ) is as high as high

(2) The road to Shu is more difficult than ( ) reaching the blue sky

(3) Why was the founding of the country ( ) at a loss

(4) There is a bird path in Xidang ( ) Taibai, which can cross ( ) Emei Peak

(5) The six-flying Yellow Crane ( ) cannot cross ( )

( 6) But ( ) I saw the mournful bird calling an ancient tree, and the male flying and the female flying around the forest from ( )

(7) Even if the peaks are gone ( ), the sky is not filled with ( ) feet

(8) ) One man is at the gate of ( ), but ten thousand men cannot open it.

(9) Guard or () bandits

V. Study the text content

1. The sentence "The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the blue sky" The poem appears three times. What effect does it have on the poetic transition and lyrical changes?

2. How does the beginning of the poem describe the long history of Shu Road? Why is the legend of Wu Ding opening the mountain cited?

3. Reading? There are six dragons on the mountain? Sitting and sighing? A few poems, tell us what techniques the poet mainly used to express the majesty and steepness of the Shu Road?

4. The second part of the poem In the stanza, what kind of atmosphere does the poet create for this "fear of the road"?

5. What's so good about the description of "Lianfeng Go to the Sky" and "Thousands of Thunder"?

6. How Understand the content of the last stanza?

6. How to understand the theme of this poem?

7. How to grasp the artistic characteristics of this poem?

8 , Extended reading

"The Poet with Endless Words" and the Poet with Endless Words

Li Bai is an immortal, and Du Fu is a saint. Immortals are otherworldly, while saints are otherworldly. When the immortal came into the world, Li Bai spent his whole life making romantic flights of imagination; when the saint came into the world, Du Fu spent his whole life walking and trudging through the thorns and muddy waters of reality.

Li Bai is a chivalrous man, cynical, happy with grudges, sleeps drunkenly in restaurants, laughs proudly at princes, is domineering, spends money like water, and has the appearance of a wealthy guest; Du Fu is a Confucian, with a scholarly spirit, a sense of charity, a benevolent people and a love of things. , compassionate towards heaven and earth, penniless, worried about the world, with the heart of a Bodhisattva.

Li Bai is close to the Tao, so he has the spirit of immortality, and has the wonderful appearance of heaven and man; Du Fu is close to the Buddha, so he has compassion.

Han Yuyun: "Li Du's article is here, and the flames will last forever." ?Li Bai and Du Fu have been burning all their lives. Li Bai is a meteorite in the sky, and Du Fu is the fire in the world.

Li Bai’s poems are beautiful in spirit, and Du Fu’s poems are beautiful in bones.

Li Bai’s poems use atmosphere to simulate virtual scenes; Du Fu’s poems use real scenes to depict atmosphere. Li Bai said: "The road is difficult, the road is difficult, the road is divergent, now we are safe", it is a false shot; Du Fu said: "The barrier is depressed and the road is difficult", it is the truth.

Li Bai writes about fantasy, Du Fu writes about reality; Li Bai writes about the past and future, and Du Fu writes about current affairs; Li Bai writes about the dream world, and Du Fu writes about waking up from dreams; Li Bai has many good dreams, Du Fu has many nightmares; Li Bai has many happy dreams Du Fu has many frustrated things; Li Bai writes the complex as simple, Du Fu writes simple as complex; Li Bai is a legend, Du Fu is a chronicler; Li Bai is the proud son of heaven, Du Fu is a hero of the country; Li Bai is a comedian, Du Fu is a tragic actor; Li Bai It is Tathagata, and Du Fu is Guanyin.

In the endless elegance and compassion, future generations will always remember two names: Poet Immortal and Poet Saint.

Reference answers

1.

噫囱(yīxūxī) 鱼凫(f?) 青sai(s?i)

Shizhan (zh?n) Yuanxiang (n?o) Munshen (m?nshēn) Lijing

Fuying (yīng) Lai (ch?n) Yanxuanfan (huī)

Fei Turbulence (tuān) Ping (pīng) Ya Cui Wei (w?i)

Sucking blood (shǔn) Zījiē (zījiē)

2.

(1) How dangerous it is! The road to Shu is so difficult that it is harder to reach the blue sky!

(2) There is a high standard for the six dragons to return to the sun. Below there is a rush of waves and a reverse turn back to Sichuan.

(3) The danger is also like this. Sigh, people from far away are coming!

(4) Jiange is majestic and Cui Wei is like a husband. When it is closed, no one can open it.

3.

(1) The apes are eager to overcome their sorrows and climb up (to use the method, to worry about?)

(2) The males fly and the females follow around the forest. Between (the adjective is used as a noun, male bird, female bird)

(3) Make people listen to this withered beauty (use the usage, make? wither)

(4) Ping Rocks turning over cliffs are thunderous (the noun is used as a verb, to impact; the verb's causative usage is to make? roll)

(5) Looking sideways to the west, Chang Zi sighs (the noun is used as an adverbial, to the west)

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(6) Avoid tigers in the morning and snakes in the evening (both nouns are used as adverbials, in the morning and in the evening)

4. Explain the highlighted words in the following sentences

(1) Danger: higher (2) Yu: than (3) He: so much (4) Dang: block; absolutely: beyond (5) Shang: still

(6) But: only ;From: following (7) to: distance; surplus: full, sufficient (8) when: blocking (9) or: if

　5.

　1. The Road of Shu Difficult, difficult to reach the sky? It is not only the theme of the author's chant, but also a symbol of poetic turning and lyrical changes. It appears in the first paragraph, shocking people's hearts like a bolt from the blue, and opens up a "strange and strange" text; it appears in the second paragraph, connecting the past and the future: inheriting the "fear of the road ahead and the unreachable rock", triggering the "danger" of the following. Also like this?; appears in the third section, the song ends with elegant music, and repeated greetings, its earnest concern is beyond words. From a formal point of view, every time this sentence is exhaled, a rhythmic transformation is completed, that is, the alternation between lyricism, discussion and description.

2. At the very beginning of the poem, he talks about the difficulty of the road to Shu. He clicks on the theme with a strong emotional aria, which sets a majestic tone for the whole poem. First, it describes the long-term isolation of the Shu Kingdom, citing the legendary founding of the country by Cancong and Yufu, which means the barrier of high mountains. "Forty-eight thousand years old" is an exaggerated narrative; then it describes the landforms of the mountains and ridges between Qin and Shu, Is there a bird path? It means that no one walks on it; then the origin of the Shu path is described. Citing the legend of Wu Ding who opened the mountain, it expresses the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of the working people to transform nature, praising the divine power and the courage of the pioneers.

3. ① Myths and legends: The legend of "six dragons returning to the sun" indicates that the mountain is in high danger. ②Contrast: The danger of returning to Sichuan is used to set off the high risk of the mountain. The yellow crane cannot fly and the ape is worried about clinging to the ground to illustrate how difficult it is for people to walk. ③Exaggeration: The yellow crane is unable to fly, the ape is worried about climbing, and the man can see the Lijing well. The use of exaggerated rhetoric fully reflects the majesty and steepness of the Shu Road. ④ Combination of virtuality and reality: The yellow crane cannot fly and the ape is worried about climbing. The author first uses virtual writing to express the difficulty of the Shu Road, and then uses real writing to specifically express the difficulty of Qingni Ridge, with "Hundred Steps" The dangers of the nine-fold rocky mountains represent the difficult situation and fear of people walking on them.

In short, the author of these poems used a variety of techniques to express the high danger of the mountain and highlight the difficulty of the road.

4. The four sentences "But Jian" exaggerate the desolate atmosphere, and the four sentences "Lianfeng" exaggerate the thrilling atmosphere.

5. The poet first highlights the high danger of the mountain, and then moves from stillness to writing the thrilling scene of the surging water and rocks and the roar of the valley.

The poet first wrote about the undulating mountains, the peaks connecting to the sky, and the withered pines hanging upside down from the cliffs, etc., which gave people the feeling of the mountains being dangerous and daunting; then he wrote about the rapids, waterfalls, and turning stones, combined with the sound of thunder in the valleys, It vividly and vividly expresses the thrill of the mountains and rivers, which is thrilling and thrilling, thus creating an overwhelming and strong artistic effect, which brings the description of the difficulties of the Shu Road to the pinnacle.

6. On the basis of the previous two stanzas trying to exaggerate the dangers and thrills of the Shu Road, in this section the poet focuses on describing the dangers of the Shu Road from a social perspective and continues to use psychological warfare against his friends. . If mountains can be bypassed and cliffs can be avoided, how can the Sichuan Fortress Jiange Pavilion be avoided? It stretches for more than 30 miles, with peaks like swords. "One man is in charge of the pass, but ten thousand men cannot open it" is adapted from the sentence "One man guards the pass, but ten thousand men cannot attack" in Zuo Si's "Ode to the Capital of Shu" in the Western Jin Dynasty, as well as the sentence "One man holds a halberd, and ten thousand men cannot attack" in Zhang Zai's "Jiange Inscription" in the Western Jin Dynasty. Sentences such as "The husband is afraid", in order to increase the early warning of the possible harsh social environment. ?The guarded or stolen relatives turned into wolves and jackals? This is a sentence from Zhang Zai's "Jiange Inscription": "The place is beautiful, and the relatives are not allowed to live." The poet refers to the past to talk about the present, implying the difficulty of Shu Road since ancient times. However, it means. In four sentences, the poet uses exaggeration to describe the dangers of the natural and social environment in Shu, and advises friends not to stay there for a long time.

6. The theme of this poem is "sending friends to Shu". It is a work that follows the ancient Yuefu inscription "Immediately". The poet is worried about the difficulty of his friend's journey and worries about his friend going to an unfamiliar place, and implicitly expresses his feelings of farewell.

7. "The Difficult Road to Shu" is Li Bai's famous work. Existing information shows that Li Bai had no experience of entering Shu from Qin. He left Shu at the age of twenty-four, "went to the country with a sword, said goodbye to relatives and traveled far away", and went east along the Yangtze River, never to be there again. It can be seen that "The Road to Shu is Difficult" is purely imaginary. The richness of imagination, the uniqueness of metaphors, the exaggeration and boldness of writing, and the graceful flow of rhythm are the main artistic features of this poem. It can be combined with the specific understanding of the poems, and on this basis, the romantic characteristics of Li Bai's poems can be appreciated.