Liu Bei's Three Realms of Taoyuan

Luo Guanzhong put the story of "Three Oaths in Taoyuan" in the first sentence of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Banqueting a hero with three oaths in Taoyuan and beheading a hero with the yellow turban insurrectionary". The article describes that Ada went to Zhuoxian to recruit volunteers, which led to Zhuoxian hero Liu Bei, and then Liu Bei met Zhang Fei and Guan Yu by chance. The three people are like-minded, and they hit it off at first sight. At the end of the article, the three men were described as burning incense and worshipping, and they vowed: "I miss Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Although the surnames are different, since they are brothers, Qi Xin will work together to help the poor; Serve your country, rest in peace. I don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, I just want to die on the same day in the same year After heaven and earth, I will learn from this heart, be ungrateful, and kill people in heaven and earth! " After the oath, Liu Bei was sworn as his younger brother, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as his younger brothers.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms vividly describes the story of the Three Oaths in Taoyuan, so what is the relationship among Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in real history?

Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Guan Yu records: "My ancestors slept in the same bed with two people, and they were brothers. The thick people sit wide, stand all day long, follow the ancestors, and do not avoid difficulties and obstacles. "

The biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhang Fei mentioned: "How old is Yuda (Zhang Fei), and Brother Fei is in charge."

The Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Liu Ye also said: "Harmony with Guan Yu and Bei means being a monarch and a minister, and kindness is a father and son."

These three historical materials are enough to illustrate two problems: first, the close relationship between Liu Guan and "Enruo Brothers" Zhang; Second, they are "brothers" rather than sworn brothers, and there is no conclusion in historical materials.

Moreover, from the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. After Guan Yu was killed, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, asked his ministers, "Are you going to send troops to attack Wu and avenge Guan Yu?" Ye Liu, the waiter, replied: Liu Bei and Guan Yu are "the righteousness of the monarch and the minister, the gratitude of the father and son", and "Guan Yu was killed. If Liu Bei can't avenge him, his kindness to Guan Yu is not the whole story. " Here, from wei ren's point of view, the relationship between Liu Bei and Guan Yu is a "father-son" relationship. The ancients had the concept of "the monarch and his subjects are like father and son", so this statement is not surprising; At the same time, it can be disproved that Liu Bei and Guan Yu are not brothers, and their contemporaries are very clear about this. Zhao Yi, a A Qing, thinks that the monarchs of the Three Kingdoms are all good at employing people, and they are different. Cao Cao's political system is suitable, Sun Shi's brothers are soul mates, and Liu Bei's temperament is congenial. The so-called "harmony of temperament" means getting along with feelings and having deep friendship, but this does not mean that we are brothers.

Some experts have verified that the story of "Taoyuan Sanjieyi" probably began to spread in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the book Rebuilding the Temple at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a saying that "at the beginning, Wang (Guan Yu) and the general riding a sedan chair flew to be friends with Zhao Lie, about brothers". Guan Yu's plays also quoted the poet's poem "A brother and a younger brother in Taoyuan, a brother and a gentleman for thousands of years" at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The story in Tao Liu undressed, a Yuan drama, is described as follows: Yin Zang, a ghost in Zhou Pu, wants to stand on his own feet and beg Guan Yu to be handsome. Guan Yu killed him and fled to Fanyang, Zhuozhou. Zhang Fei opened a butcher shop in the local area. Zhang Fei deliberately pressed a knife with a thousand-pound boulder in front of the store, threatening that anyone who could move the boulder would take nothing and give him meat to eat. One day Guan Yu passed by Zhang Fei's butcher's shop and moved out the 1,000-kilo boulder that Zhang Fei used to press the knife. There was no meat. When Zhang Fei returned to the store and learned the news, he went to the inn where Guan Yu stayed and worshipped Guan Yu as his brother. Later, they met Liu Bei. Seeing Liu Bei's extraordinary appearance, I invited him to drink together. Liu Bei was lying drunk, only to see a red snake get into Liu Bei's seven orifices. Guan Yu felt that "the blessing of this person will be expensive in the future", so he worshipped Liu Bei as his brother. The three men slaughtered cattle and horses in Taoyuan outside the city, offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, vowing "not to be born on the same day, but to die on the same day". Although the story is interesting, it is absurd.

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the Yuan Dynasty, the concept of "Three Marriages in Taoyuan" is better, and the plot and characters are more vivid.

In addition to the description of the romance of the Three Kingdoms mentioned here, we can also see many other materials describing the story of the romance of the Three Kingdoms.

In short, from the above analysis, the story of Taoyuan Sanjieyi is fictional, but no matter how many versions of this story are fictional, we can see that all versions, including the records in historical books, at least recognize the characteristics of friendship, mutual assistance and sincere unity among the three people. Taoyuan Sanjieyi can be abstracted as a typical relationship of mutual assistance, friendship and sincere unity. Then we can analyze this abstract and typical relationship of sincere solidarity. The specific analysis material is the material in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because this version is familiar to everyone and is the most vivid and simple language.