What are mouth, feet and hands? Can someone elaborate on it?

1. What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease of infants caused by enterovirus. The recessive infection rate of the disease is high, and the symptoms of dominant patients are generally mild. 2. What is the source of hand, foot and mouth disease? Patients, recessive infected persons and asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of infection. 3. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Mainly through close contact between people. Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly spread through food contaminated by patients' feces. Direct contact with blisters worn by patients can also spread the virus. The virus in the patient's throat secretions and saliva can be spread by airborne droplets, and the patient's feces are still contagious for several weeks. 4. Which groups of people are susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease? People are generally susceptible, and can acquire immunity after infection, and can be infected at all ages, mainly children under 5 years old. 5. What are the clinical manifestations of hand, foot and mouth disease? Clinical manifestations: Hand-foot-mouth disease is an enterovirus disease, the incubation period is usually 3-7 days, and there is no obvious precursor symptoms: most patients have sudden onset. It mainly invades hands, feet, mouth and buttocks; Clinically, there are four characteristics: no pain, no itching, no scab and no scar. There may be mild upper respiratory symptoms at the beginning. Because of the pain of oral ulcer, the child salivates and refuses to eat. Oral mucosal rashes appeared earlier, initially miliary maculopapules or blisters, with redness around them, mainly on the tongue and cheeks, and often on the labial and dentate sides. Spotted papules or herpes appear on the distal parts such as hands and feet, flat or convex, and the rash is not itchy. The maculopapular rash turns from red to dark in about 5 days, and then disappears. Herpes is a round or oval flat protuberance with turbid liquid in it, and its long diameter is consistent with the direction of dermatoglyphics. For example, soybeans vary in size, which are generally painless and leave no trace after healing. Hand, foot and mouth lesions may not all appear in the same patient. Blisters and rashes usually subside within a week. 6. What complications will hand, foot and mouth disease cause? Hand, foot and mouth disease is manifested in the skin and mouth, but the virus can invade important organs such as heart, brain and kidney. When the disease is prevalent, the clinical monitoring of patients should be strengthened. If there is high fever and unexplained leukocytosis, we should be alert to the occurrence of fulminant myocarditis. When accompanied by aseptic meningitis, its symptoms are fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, irritability, restless sleep and so on. Occasionally, nonspecific red papules and even punctate bleeding spots can be found in the body. People with central nervous system symptoms are more common in children under 2 years old. What are the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease? This disease is often prone to collective infection in kindergartens. Cross-infection in hospitals can also cause transmission. The disease is highly contagious, with complicated transmission routes, strong epidemic intensity and fast transmission speed, which can cause an epidemic in a short time. Hand, foot and mouth disease is widely distributed in Europe, America, Asia and other places. Hand, foot and mouth disease can occur all year round, especially in summer and autumn, and it is rare in winter. 8. How to diagnose hand, foot and mouth disease? The main diagnostic basis of this disease is ① it is easy to occur in summer and autumn. ② Taking children as the main target, it often happens in places where infants gather, showing a popular trend. ③ The main clinical manifestations were the first fever, slight increase in the total number of white blood cells, followed by maculopapules and herpes-like lesions of oral cavity, hands and feet mucosa and skin. ④ The course of disease is short, and it usually heals within one week. When it occurs, it should be differentiated from foot-and-mouth disease, herpetic pharyngeal buccal inflammation and rubella. 9. How to treat hand, foot and mouth disease? The principle of treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment. During the illness, it is necessary to strengthen the care of children and do a good job in oral hygiene. Liquid and semi-liquid foods are suitable. Because hand, foot and mouth disease can be complicated with myocarditis, encephalitis and meningitis. It is necessary to go to medical institutions and disease control institutions for treatment and re-examination in time, and patients can generally recover completely. 10. How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease? So far, there is no special prevention method for this disease. The main measure of epidemic control is to deal with the feces and other excreta of patients, and generally it is not necessary to take medical measures for contacts. Kindergartens and other units should do a good job in morning check-up, and isolate and treat suspected patients in time. Contaminated daily necessities, tableware, toys, etc. Should be disinfected, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated. When hand, foot and mouth disease is prevalent, we should do a good job in environmental hygiene, food hygiene and personal hygiene, and wash our hands before and after meals to prevent the disease from entering the mouth. 1. Have a light diet and eat more fruits and vegetables. The turn of spring and summer is the high incidence season of virus-transmitted diseases. Parents should pay attention to let their children go to crowded places less, ensure adequate rest, and don't make their children too tired to avoid the decline of immunity. Also need to be reminded, don't let your child's stomach be too "tired" and eat less greasy, spicy and indigestible food. This is because once the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function is weakened, enterovirus will take advantage of it. You should eat more fruits and vegetables and have a light diet. 2. Pay attention to personal hygiene, disinfect frequently and wash your hands frequently. The doctor said that because enterovirus can survive for a few days at room temperature and can be inactivated quickly at 50℃, there is no surviving virus in boiling water. Therefore, the prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly in the epidemic period, pay attention to eating fresh cooked food. The most important thing is to pay attention to personal hygiene, keep the air circulating, and wash your hands in time before and after meals. According to experts, these enteroviruses have strong resistance to general physical and chemical factors, and are resistant to general disinfectants such as ether, ethanol and coal phenol soap, and are resistant to low temperature and acid. But it is very sensitive to oxidants (free chlorine, potassium permanganate, etc.). ) can also be inactivated by formaldehyde, phenol and radiation. Qin Lijun reminded that the humid and sultry weather in Guangzhou is most conducive to the propagation of enterovirus. Parents can buy some household disinfectants in the market to disinfect their children's toys, towels and clothes. In addition, tableware should be put into a high-temperature disinfection cabinet for disinfection. Feces and other excreta of children with hand, foot and mouth disease can be disinfected with disinfectant or bleaching powder; Expose clothes to the sun and keep the room ventilated. 3. Give your child Banlangen properly. Parents can give their children some Banlangen and vitamin C to prevent diseases. At the same time, strengthening children's physical exercise is conducive to preventing the epidemic of the disease. 4 kindergartens, primary schools and other places where children live and study collectively, schools should strengthen the morning inspection system. Experts suggest that morning check-ups should be done well. If you find that your child has a fever or rash, you should take your child to a regular hospital as soon as possible and report to the relevant departments. Children should stop going to kindergartens and schools after they get sick, so as not to infect others. If nurses, teachers and other staff members are found to have fever with rash, they should stop working immediately and seek medical treatment in time. What is the difference between hand-foot-mouth disease and foot-and-mouth disease? Foot-and-mouth disease and hand-foot-mouth disease are two completely different infectious diseases. The pathogen of foot-and-mouth disease is foot-and-mouth disease virus, which is a pathogen of human and animals. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is caused by several kinds of enterovirus infection. Coxal6 is the common pathogen prevalent in various places. Foot-and-mouth disease virus only causes cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, deer and camels. And become the source of infection of foot-and-mouth disease in the population. Only when an animal epidemic occurs first can people get sick, and the source of infection of hand, foot and mouth disease is patients and people with viruses in their intestines, which belongs to human diseases. Foot-and-mouth disease is infected through skin and mucous membrane by contacting ulcers and scars on the mouth and hoof crown of sick animals. Occasionally infected by eating unheated (pasteurized) milk contaminated with viruses. Therefore, the number of people suffering from foot-and-mouth disease is very small. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by contact with patients. It can be spread through the respiratory tract through the pollution of daily necessities, utensils and toys. Therefore, there can be epidemics of different scales. People suffering from foot-and-mouth disease rely on contact with sick animals, and people suffering from foot-and-mouth disease are of a wide age; Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly an infectious disease of children and adolescents, and children under 3 years old account for the vast majority. Foot-and-mouth disease and hand-foot-mouth disease are both located in the mouth, fingers and toes, and they are similar, but their symptoms and signs are different. Foot-and-mouth disease is characterized by fever and other systemic poisoning symptoms and local herpes damage, while hand, foot and mouth disease mostly has no fever or low fever, only respiratory tract infection, oral mucosal herpes and papules on fingers, feet, buttocks and knees. Foot-and-mouth disease requires local livestock to have or epidemic foot-and-mouth disease, contact with sick animals, or drink contaminated and unheated sick animal milk. However, hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is obviously contagious and epidemic, and its clinical manifestations are different. Foot-and-mouth disease and hand-foot-mouth disease can be diagnosed on the clinical basis, and the virus can be isolated for etiological diagnosis if necessary. Hand, foot and mouth disease can effectively prevent hand, foot and mouth disease in general susceptible infants. Most cases have mild symptoms, mainly manifested as fever, rash or herpes on hands, feet and mouth, and most patients can heal themselves. Disease control experts advise everyone to develop good hygiene habits, wash their hands before and after meals, do not drink raw water, do not eat cold food, dry clothes and quilts frequently, and have more ventilation. Kindergartens and parents who find suspicious children should go to medical institutions for treatment in time, report to health and education departments in time, and take control measures in time. Mild children do not need to be hospitalized, but can be treated and rested at home to avoid cross-infection. As long as these aspects are well done, hand, foot and mouth disease can be effectively prevented and controlled. Epidemic links and epidemic characteristics The source of infection is people, and patients, recessive infected persons and asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of infection. During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection. In the acute stage, the feces were detoxified for 3-5 weeks and the pharynx was detoxified for 1-2 weeks. Healthy carriers and light sporadic cases are the main sources of infection in intermittent and epidemic periods. The route of transmission is mainly through close contact between people. Viruses in patients' throat secretions and saliva can be spread by airborne droplets. Hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, milk utensils, bedding, underwear, etc. Contaminated by saliva, herpes fluid and feces, it can be transmitted through daily contact or oral. Being in the same room as a patient is the most susceptible to infection. Contact with virus-contaminated water sources can also be infected through oral cavity, which often causes epidemics. Cross-infection in outpatient department and lax disinfection of oral instruments can also cause transmission. Susceptible people are generally susceptible to CoxAl6 and EV7 1 enterovirus, and can gain immunity after infection. Hand, foot and mouth disease patients are mainly preschool children, especially the age group ≤3 years old, accounting for 85%-95% of cases under 4 years old. Epidemic pattern The disease often appears sporadically after an outbreak. During the epidemic, kindergartens and nurseries are prone to collective infection. The family also has this disease aggregation phenomenon. Cross-infection in hospital outpatient department and lax disinfection of oral instruments can also cause transmission. The disease is highly contagious, with complicated transmission routes, strong epidemic intensity and fast transmission speed, which can cause an epidemic in a short time. The complications of hand, foot and mouth disease are manifested in the skin and mouth, but the virus can invade important organs such as heart, brain and kidney. When the disease is prevalent, the clinical monitoring of patients should be strengthened. If there is high fever and unexplained leukocytosis, we should be alert to the occurrence of fulminant myocarditis. In recent years, it has been found that EV7 1 is more likely to cause aseptic meningitis than CoxAl6, and its symptoms are fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, irritability and restless sleep. Occasionally, nonspecific red papules and even punctate bleeding spots can be found in the body. Most people with symptoms of central nervous system are children under 2 years old.