When is a woman's menopause and what are its clinical manifestations?

Menopause is suitable for people. Generally speaking, in our country, rural people are generally 46-47 years old, and cities may be a little late because of better nutrition, almost 50 years old. The normal menopause age is like this, but menopause is also related to heredity. For example, my mother and my sister have early menopause, and she may have early menopause. If she is late, she may be late, which is also related to genetic factors. When women enter menopause, ovarian function begins to decline. First, the luteal function gradually declines, and the follicles only develop to a certain extent, that is, they shrink by themselves and no longer ovulate. No corpus luteum formation, indicating a decline in fertility. However, in the early stage of ovarian function decline, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion increased, and luteinizing hormone remained at a normal level. Due to the self-regulation of sexual function in the body, FSH can reach a normal level and ovulation menstrual cycle occurs, so occasionally women who have been infertile for many years suddenly become pregnant before menopause. With the increase of age, the ovarian function changes from instability to recession and imbalance. It is often manifested as abnormal menstruation, menstrual cycle disorder, prolonged menstruation and premenopausal bleeding, but the symptoms such as premenstrual tension syndrome, periodic breast pain, edema and headache disappear. Generally, from the decline of ovarian function to the cessation of menstruation, there are three kinds of menstrual changes:

(1) Sporadic menstruation: The interval between menstrual cycles is long, from normal 20-30 days to 2-3 months or longer. The menstrual flow can be normal or reduced, and the interval is gradually extended to 4 ~ 5 months or half a year before it can pass once and then stop completely.

(2) menstrual cycle disorder: from normal menstrual cycle to irregular vaginal bleeding, sometimes menstrual period is prolonged or becomes persistent vaginal bleeding, and the continuous dripping reaches 1 ~ 2 months; There may also be a large amount of vaginal bleeding, and the patient may have anemia, sallow complexion, general weakness, palpitation and shortness of breath. In severe cases, hemoglobin can be significantly reduced. Some have recurrent bleeding, and menstruation stops completely after 1 ~ 2 years. At this time, the doctor should do a detailed examination, except for the bleeding caused by the tumor. For women over 40 years old, a comprehensive examination or endometrial biopsy should be done. Except tumor, it should be treated according to menopausal menstrual disorder. Menstrual cycle disorder before menopause is the most common. It is reported that 282 premenopausal women were observed and found that 18 1 case had menstrual cycle disorder, accounting for 63.8%.

(3) Sudden menopause: A few women have normal menstrual cycles and periods in the past, but now they suddenly go through menopause; Some cycles are normal, only a few times the menstrual flow gradually decreases, and then menstruation suddenly stops. It is reported that 282 cases of natural menopausal women were observed, and 40 cases of sudden menopause were found, accounting for 14. 1%. So most of them are the first two manifestations.

Another part of patients suffered from uterine bleeding after 2-4 weeks of menopause, and the amount and duration of bleeding were related to the duration of estrogen action and the speed of withdrawal.

The diagnosis of menopause can only be confirmed by retrospection, and it can only be confirmed if there is no menstruation for at least 6 months to 1 year.