You learned or accumulated a lot of poems describing mountains and rivers in primary school. Please choose one you like and write it down from memory, then talk about it.

Faint, then say a simple song.

Chai Lu (Wang Wei)

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.

Notes Chai Lu (chài Village): Like "Abatis", this place name refers to the place where deer live. This is one of the attractions of Wang Wei's seclusion in Wangchuan Mountain Villa. Wood, which passes through "villages" and "rocks", is a fence made of branches. Back to the scene (yǐng shadow): the same as "back to the shadow", that is, the sunlight reflected by the sunset. Moss: A kind of "berry".

This poem expresses the poet's pursuit and love for the ethereal realm in nature, which is also one of his pleasures in seclusion in Wangchuan. The main feature of this poem is that it is full of painting realm. The first two sentences describe the tranquility of the mountain forest. The last two sentences say that the light returns to the deep forest, and the moss shines again. This is what the protagonist sees in the picture scroll. The combination of the two is an excellent picture of people and scenery. The important artistic technique of this poem is contrast, which is used to highlight the central content of the poet's description, that is, the word silence. The first two sentences are "not seeing people" and the last two sentences are "on the moss". In the first two sentences, the poet's purpose is to write that he "can't see people" in the mountain, so the mountain is just an "empty" mountain. Then there was a "human voice", which broke the silence of this forest. This technique is a contrast. This is consistent with Wang Ji's famous sentence "Yingong Mountain is more secluded" in the Southern Dynasties, in which the silence of the mountain is set off by the singing of birds. Similarly, the purpose of the poet's last two sentences is to write about the dark scenery in the deep forest, that is, to highlight the "quiet" scenery on the moss. However, he did not directly describe the darkness of the whole mountain forest, but let a ray of shallow sunlight fall into the depths of the forest and shine on the moss, thus giving readers a feeling that a wise man talks to himself and is in a secluded place, and the secluded place is even more secluded than this wise man. This poem reflects the poet's love for nature and his boredom with earthly officialdom.

Gui yuan Tian ju (3)

I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.

The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes; It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.

On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral work and the idea of seclusion in the mountains; But comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation. Dai Yue, who wears stars, plays with his "crops", regardless of the harvest. As long as he puts himself in the dirt and crops, he will feel happy physically and mentally. Sparse crops in the farmland, wilting weeds, difficult field paths and cool dew all give the poet a fresh and exciting feeling, which makes him happy. This feeling is the source of his life. The peaceful and natural life allowed him to complete the bliss experience of his life. The first two sentences are about planting beans in Nanshan, with lush grass but sparse bean seedlings. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial. In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it was hard, he didn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "the moon and the lotus returning home". The last four sentences, the road is narrow and the grass is long, and the clothes are exposed in the evening, but what's a pity that the clothes are wet? This sentence seems dull, but this kind of dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but I don't want to violate it", which makes "I don't want to violate it" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world. The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which turns spoken language into poetry, harmoniously unifies simple spoken language and poetic mellow beauty, and forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's simple and mellow beauty. Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", the poet who returned from work is alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride.