Who will elaborate on the development of China's historian system?

In the history of Chinese historiography, there are generally two ways to compile historical books, one is official editing and the other is private editing. The official revision of history books is mainly completed by setting up a library to revise history. Thus, the history museum has become an important feature of China's historiography. The research on the history museum has also become one of the topics of historiography and institutional history.

China's ancient independent history museum was formed in the Tang Dynasty, and its comments began as early as the Tang Dynasty. In Shi Tong, Liu Zhiji analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the history museum system, especially severely criticized the disadvantages of the history museum in the Tang Dynasty, such as the establishment of a museum to revise history, the one-sided view, the lost tradition of straight books, the unprofessional responsibility of historians, and the low efficiency, all of which touched on the history museum's revision. (Interpretation of General History by Liu Zhiji and Pu Qilong, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1978) In the early Qing Dynasty, a library was set up to compile Shi Ming, and officials such as Wan Sitong, Pan Lei, Zhu Yizun, Shi and Li Yindu also criticized the disadvantages of compiling history books in the library, saying that it was difficult to find history books, the positioning was unclear, the compiled history books were unified with examples, and the post responsibilities were clear. This is obviously influenced by Liu Zhiji. (Wang Ji's Two Issues on the Compilation and Revision of Ming History, Research on the History of Historiography, No.2, 2003) In the 20th century, the research on the compilation system of history museums has been strengthened day by day, with fruitful results.

In the past century, the research on China Museum of Ancient History mainly focused on two periods. Once, in the 1940s, scholars and government officials repeatedly proposed to the National Government to set up a national history museum, which caused people to revise the history of the ancient history museum. Jin Yufu, Fu Zhenlun, Zhao Gang, Zhu Xizu, Liu Yizhi and others have all written articles to make a preliminary study of the ancient history museum. First, since the 1980s, the research in this period has the following characteristics: First, there are many achievements and a wide range, and almost all the historical museums from the Northern Qi Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty have been brought into people's research field of vision. Second, the research is more in-depth, which clarifies many people's vague understanding of the history of the history museum. Thirdly, scholars on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have made remarkable achievements in the research of history museums.

I. General introduction

China is a country that attaches great importance to history, and it is also the country with the most perfect preservation of historical materials. The history museum has played a very important role in this respect. Therefore, it has become a concern to sort out the history revision work of China Ancient History Museum in general and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages. Fu Zhenlun's Textual Research on China's History Revision System (Shuowen Monthly, Volume 41May 944) makes use of official historical materials to investigate the situation of China's ancient official history revision, which is the first article systematically discussing history revision in China Ancient History Museum. Liu Jie systematically investigated the historian system, museum system and official revision of history books from Yin Shang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty in "The General Draft of China History" (Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, version 1982), and evaluated its advantages and disadvantages. Zhu Guichang's Historians and Historians of Past Dynasties (Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, No.3, 1985) generally discusses the origin and responsibilities of ancient historians, the development of private historians and historians from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, historians and official historians in Tang Dynasty, Hanlin Academy and the compilation of historical books in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ni Daoshan's Review of Ancient History Museums (History Teaching, No.8, 1988) introduces the establishment, evolution and responsibilities of ancient history museums, and points out that the responsibilities of history museums have two aspects, one is to revise the history of past dynasties, and the other is to revise contemporary history. Although the history museum has all kinds of disadvantages mentioned by Liu Zhiji, it still has its positive function. First, we can concentrate manpower, financial resources and rich historical materials to provide superior conditions for the revision of history. Second, history can be revised by opening a museum to gather the strength of many families. Third, it can help correct hidden words in historical records of past dynasties. Rulers of past dynasties attached importance to the revision of history by history museums. First, they learned from the experience of previous dynasties; Second, they proved the legal status of the new dynasty; Third, win over the literati and polish them; Fourth, they monopolized the revision of history and controlled the power of praise and criticism. Shang Huiming's "A Preliminary Study of the History Museum System" (Journal of East China Normal University, No.2, 1990) points out that the characteristics of the history museum's history compilation are that it collects very detailed information, monopolizes the compilation of official history and national history, standardizes and unifies the compilation genre, and improves the system of official history compilation. The history museum has been maintained for a long time because both rulers and historians have unusual political enthusiasm, trying to improve China's image as a great power, enhance its traditional status and strengthen the politicization of history by revising history. The history museum has completed many grand tasks of historical revision that private historians can't complete, but at the same time, it also sticks to the rules and stifles wisdom. The History Museum is both the pride of China's historiography and the sorrow of China's historiography. He also pointed out in "The Disadvantages of China's Ancient Official History" (Exploration and Contention, No.9, 1995) that the prime minister's supervision over the compilation of national history and all the regulations on the compilation of historical books have made the official history have many disadvantages, gathered talents from all over the world, dragged a colorful historical world into the swamp of an idea, a brushwork and a model, and led it with a thinking norm. This is a history museum. Chen Qitai's History of Building a Museum and the Inheritance of Chinese Culture (Qing History Research,No. 1 2003) fully affirmed the significance of building a museum from three aspects: the beginning of the history of building a museum, the appearance and achievements of building a museum in the Northern Dynasty, the establishment of the museum building system in the early Tang Dynasty and its significance to Chinese civilization, with special emphasis on the cohesion of the history of building a museum in the unity of all ethnic groups. It can be seen that people have different views on the revision of history by the history museum, which not only affirms the role of the history museum in revising history, but also points out its disadvantages.

2. Historians and historians in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is a period of transition from the ancient historian system to the museum system in China, during which the transition is extremely complicated. In The Influence of the Concept of "Governing Officials by History" on the Official Training System in the 4th-7th Century (Proceedings of the Seminar on the History of Chinese and Western Historiography published by Tainan Jiuyang Publishing House, 1986), Lei Jiaji analyzed the concept of "Governing Officials by History" in the Southern Dynasties, the Wuhu Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Dynasties in the 6th century. In addition, the book History of Medieval Historiography Concepts written by Lei Jiaji (published by Taiwan Province Student Publishing House 1990) makes a comprehensive analysis of the system and atmosphere of official history books in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The book does not discuss the history museum in isolation, but puts it into the political situation and historical concept of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and draws many enlightening conclusions. Niu Runzhen's Textual Research on the Historical Museum of the Northern Qi Dynasty (Nankai Journal No.4, 1995) sorts out the title differences, construction time, place, organization, working conditions and living conditions of historical officials, and points out that the Historical Museum of the Northern Qi Dynasty was built in Tianbao in 2023, and its site is in Dongshan Palace, with supervisors, writers and assistant writers. It is considered that the Beiqi History Museum is an independent historical revision institution. Yue Chunzhi thinks that the Beiqi History Museum is not an independent historical editing institution (Research on the Official History of the Tang Dynasty, published by Tianjin People's Publishing House in 2003). Niu Runzhen also published the book "The Evolution of Historian System from Han Dynasty to Early Tang Dynasty" (published by Hebei Education Press 1999), explaining in detail, sorting out the development and evolution of the historian system from scattered data, and conducting a systematic study, pointing out that there were two major changes in the historian system from Han Dynasty to Early Tang Dynasty, one in Han Dynasty and the other in Early Tang Dynasty. Many conclusions are worth noting. In addition, Hu Baoguo's The Development of Historiography between Han and Tang Dynasties (Commercial Press, 2003 edition) also involves the official revision of historical books in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Third, the Tang Dynasty History Museum.

The Tang Dynasty was the period when the system of compiling history was formally established. In the third year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong separated the history museum from the secretary province and put it in a forbidden place, which replaced the position of the bookstore and became an independent historical editing institution. Since then, although the official history revision system has been constantly changing, the influence of the Tang Dynasty History Museum has always existed. Because of this special position of the Tang Dynasty History Museum, the research on it has naturally become a hot spot, with rich research results, fruitful results and the deepest understanding.

Jin Yufu's Textual Research on the Historical Revision System of Tang and Song Dynasties (Shuowen Monthly, Volume 3, No.81September, 942) made a special study on the historical revision of the Tang and Song History Museum from two aspects: the historian system, the types of historical materials and their collection methods. It is pointed out that the history museum system in Tang Dynasty can be divided into two periods, from Zhenguan to Tianbao. In the first period, the prime minister supervised the revision, and people who wrote history under it were generally called historians. For example, other officials were also canons. The second phase was also supervised by the Prime Minister, but it was also named by historians as Zhiguan. The history museum mainly compiles the history of the previous generation, the actual records of this dynasty and the official history of this dynasty. This information mainly comes from residential notes, current affairs and politics, and materials recorded by various government offices. In addition, Jin Yufu also devoted a chapter to the history of Chinese historiography (the book was published twice by the Commercial Press at 1944 and 1957, and then there were many versions), and commented on the establishment of libraries and the achievements of official history books in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Zhao Gang's Textual Research on the Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty (Cultural Pioneer, Volume 8,No. 10,No.1May 948) made an in-depth investigation on the establishment of the museum of history of the Tang Dynasty, corrected the mistake that the museum of history of the early Tang Dynasty was established as "twenty-three years of Zhenguan" recorded in Tang Yao Hui, and pointed out that the correct time should be three years of Zhenguan. Zhao Jun's "A Probe into the Historical Compilation Institutions of the Tang Dynasty" (No.6, 1984) points out through textual research that in the past, most historians thought that the history of the five dynasties before the Tang Dynasty (Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou and Sui) was compiled by the History Museum, which was wrong. The history of the Five Dynasties before the Tang Dynasty was compiled by the minister of introspection, and the task of the history museum was to compile the national history. The difference between the history museum and the minister's introspection is that the former is a permanent institution, compiling the history of the dynasty, and the location is in the province under the door; The latter is a temporary organization, compiling the history of the previous generation, located in Zhongshu Province. Both have * * * in common, both are official revisions of history, both are supervised by the prime minister, and both started from the third year of Zhenguan, so it is easy to be confused. Corrected people's vague understanding on this issue. Shang Huiming's Brief Introduction to the History Museum of the Early Tang Dynasty (Humanities Magazine 1985No. 1 issue) and Exploration of the History Museum of the Middle Tang Dynasty (Humanities Magazine 1986 No.3 issue) analyzed the history museum of the Tang Dynasty, and the first part investigated the guiding ideology of the compilation of the history museum of the Early Tang Dynasty, which was considered to be pre-revival and universal. Later, it is pointed out that the history museum in the middle Tang Dynasty pays more attention to the revision of national history and classical history books, implements the system of "external revision and internal review", and pays attention to style, orthodoxy and compilation. This change shows that the history museum is not a rigid institution. Wang Linshan's "Revision System of Historical Museum in Tang Dynasty" (Journal of Shanxi University, No.3, 1986) analyzes the team of historians in Tang Dynasty, the organization of the museum and the advantages and disadvantages of the museum system. It is believed that the team of historians in the Tang Dynasty is excellent in quality, and the Tang Dynasty History Museum is organized according to the principle that the prime minister supervises and changes books, and the book revisers are also officials. Its staffing consists of various auxiliary personnel, such as calligraphers, regular script writers, pavilions, anecdotes, upright decorators, paper makers and so on. The history museum has incomparable advantages in compiling history. Even with certain limitations, it is still a good way to compile and revise national history. Fang Xinliang's Investigation on the Construction of the History Museum of the Tang Dynasty and the Actual Situation of History Revision inside and outside the Museum (Journal of East China Normal University, No.6, 1988) makes an investigation on the history revision inside and outside the Tang Dynasty, and points out that the history revision of the History Museum of the Tang Dynasty can be divided into three stages, and Emperor Taizong has achieved the greatest success; Gao zong slightly appreciated Tang Xuanzong; After Zong Yi, he achieved little. The modification of the history outside the museum can be divided into two categories: one is private modification, and the other is modification through "production authority". The interaction and influence between them are emphatically analyzed, and it is considered that the achievements of the history museum in restoring history cannot be denied. Yue Chunzhi made a systematic study on the origin, creation, narrative activities, basic system, staffing and historical sources of the Tang Dynasty History Museum in two articles: Introduction to the Museum of Tang Dynasty History (History Teaching, No.5, 2002) and Journal of Yantai Teachers College, No.3, 2003.. The investigation question is more detailed. For example, the sources of historical materials in the history museum are generally considered to include three aspects: gathering pearls, current affairs and reports from various departments. However, the author points out that there are also two items collected by historians themselves and provided by people outside the museum themselves. Yue Chunzhi also published A Study on the Official History of the Tang Dynasty (published by Tianjin People's Publishing House in 2003), in which the compilation and records of the Tang Dynasty History Museum were analyzed in detail. In addition, Zhu Qingru's On the History Museum of the Early Tang Dynasty (Journal of Xiangtan University, No.2, 2000) and Liu Rong and Gao Jinhua's On the System of the History Museum of the Tang Dynasty (Journal of Yan 'an University, No.4, 2002) also studied the revision of the history of the History Museum of the Tang Dynasty.

While mainland scholars made in-depth research on the Tang Dynasty History Museum, the research of Taiwan Province scholars was particularly eye-catching and achieved fruitful results. Zhang's Historians and Historians of the Tang Dynasty (published by China Academic Works Award Committee of Soochow University in Taipei 1984) is a masterpiece that deeply explores the historians of the Tang Dynasty. This book puts historians and historians in the bureaucratic system and social structure of the Tang Dynasty, starting with the origin and background of historians and historians, the organization of historians, the historians in the bureaucratic system and their social classes. The author analyzes the reasons for the establishment of the history museum from two aspects: the need to unify the empire and the development of historiography itself, and makes a detailed analysis of the establishment and evolution, geographical location and collection of historical materials of the Tang Dynasty history museum, especially the overall organization of the history museum that nobody pays attention to. When discussing the historiographers in the history museum, this paper analyzes the social class, ways of entering the official position, native place, family and friends of the historiographers. The book does not stop at the level of institutional history and historiography history, but makes a comprehensive investigation, and the research methods are worth learning. The book also lists 33 tables, such as Official List of Tang History Museum, Official List of Prime Minister's Supervision and Revision of National History, Official List of the Government, Official List of the Government, Regional List, Family List, etc., which are very powerful and extremely convenient to read. Qiu Tiansheng's "A Preliminary Study on the System of Building a Museum and Repairing Tang Shi" (Collection of Tang Dynasty Studies (II), published by Taipei New Style Publishing Company, 1992) analyzes in detail the background of the Tang Dynasty History Museum, the formation and achievements of the museum system, and the advantages and disadvantages of the museum. It is pointed out that the history museum has four backgrounds: first, it is difficult for private people to understand the secret collection of ancient books; Second, it is difficult for private individuals to comprehensively manage rich historical materials; Third, the compilation of private history is easy to bring disaster; Fourth, it is forbidden to compile national history without permission. Its historical achievements include the records from Emperor Gaozong to Emperor Wuzong in the Tang Dynasty, the official history of the previous dynasty, many ritual books and local chronicles. The Tang Dynasty History Museum belongs to a special institution in the whole regime system of the imperial court, with complete data collection and sufficient manpower and material resources. However, the originality of historians is not good, and Sima Qian's ideal of "one family's words" has been lost. Lei Jiaji's Evolution of the Official Revision System of National History in the Early Tang Dynasty (Collection of Studies on Tang People (II)), published by Taipei Xinwenfeng Publishing Company, 1992, focuses on the process of compiling national history from monopoly to prohibition and secrecy, studies the system, spirit and function of Zhenguan annotation under prohibition and secrecy, discusses the destruction and significance of the library system, and inspects the official revision and library in Wuhou era. It is pointed out that the compilation of national history was gradually monopolized from the defendant Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty to the defendant Wang Shao's private compilation of the History of the Northern Qi Dynasty, to the prohibition of private compilation of the History of the State by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and to the establishment of a museum to compile the history in the early Tang Dynasty. Under the circumstance that the national history is forbidden, the system of compiling the history of good and evil must be written, which is constantly destroyed by the intervention of the emperor and the flattery of courtiers. During the period of Wu Zetian, the system of historical museum was repeatedly attacked by authoritarian regime, which caused severe criticism from Liu Zhiji and others, and was of great significance in the history of historiography. This paper examines the history museum system from the social and academic levels, which deserves our attention.

Four, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan historical museums

After the establishment of the history museum system in the Tang Dynasty, it developed greatly in the Song Dynasty, and the important performance was the expansion of the scale of the history museum. In the history of China, the Song Dynasty has the largest number of historical editing institutions, including history museums, editing offices, national history offices, record offices, historical offices, residences, clubs, jade book offices, sanctuaries, and current political archives. And the position of the historian is also very respected. In the past hundred years, the research on the compilation system of official history in Song Dynasty has achieved gratifying results.

Xu Peizao's History Revision System in Song Dynasty and Its Influence on History (Journal of Shanghai Normal University,No. 1989,No. 1) elaborated in detail the reasons why the rulers of Song Dynasty attached importance to history revision and reading, the system and institutions of history revision in Song Dynasty and the popular trend of contemporary history compilation. It is pointed out that the Song-Cheng-Tang system gradually formed a historical revision system based on the history museum, with the living room, the political record room of the two dynasties, the jade book department and the calendar department as permanent branches, and various book revision departments as editing institutions. An effective historical revision procedure has been formed, and a strict system for collecting and submitting historical materials and files has been established; The emperor's intervention in historical revision tends to be institutionalized. The rulers' emphasis on compiling history promoted the scholar-officials' interest in history, especially modern history. A large number of official history books have flowed into the people, providing rich information conditions for private history writing. Zhang Xinmin's edition and revision of Tongjian and the system of historical museum (Journal of Guizhou University,No. 1988,No. 1) holds that Sima Guang organized the edition and revision of Tongjian in the way of historical museum compilation, skillfully selected talents, defined the division of labor, unified methods, limited the schedule, widely used materials and made professional judgments, which not only avoided. Song Limin's Textual Research on the Evolution of the History Museum of the Song Dynasty (Frontier of Social SciencesNo. 1994No. 1) makes a special investigation on the rise and fall of the History Museum of the Song Dynasty, and points out that the development of the History Museum of the Song Dynasty can be divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was the period below Taizu, and the history museum was mainly responsible for compiling history and collecting books. Emperor Taizong's dynasty was a period of innovation, in which the three libraries were rebuilt, the official system was updated, the system was reformed, the banned books were no longer stored, and the educational function was increased; During the development of Zhenzong Dynasty, the system of historical museums tended to be stable. Renzong Dynasty was in a period of decline, and the Editorial Institute took away the position of history museum to revise history. During Zongshen period, the history museum existed in name only. The reform of the history museum in the Southern Song Dynasty was complicated, which generally experienced four periods: reconstruction, merger, development and extinction.

In the study of the history revision system in the Song Dynasty, Cai Chongbang's Research on the History Revision System in the Song Dynasty (published by Taipei Jinwen Publishing House 199 1) and Song Limin's Research on the Historian System in the Song Dynasty (published by Jilin People's Publishing House 1999) deserve attention. Cai Shu is the first book to systematically study the history revision system in Song Dynasty. This book makes an in-depth study on the compilation of historical books such as Ju Zhu, Current Affairs Chronicle, Calendar, Historical Museum and Academy System, Historical Records of Past Dynasties, National History of Past Dynasties, Historical Conference, etc., investigates historical revision institutions such as living quarters, current affairs archives, calendar halls, historical museums and national history academies, and analyzes the collection and compilation of historical materials in various museums and academies. The book points out the characteristics and shortcomings of the history revision system in the Song Dynasty: it pays special attention to the revision of contemporary history, while the Southern Song Dynasty is more detailed than the Northern Song Dynasty; There are no officials in history; The emperor intervened in the repair; Historians avoid and protect. "Book of Song Dynasty" made a detailed study of the historical bureaus in Song Dynasty, such as the historical museum, the editing office, the living room, the historical records of the two academies, the calendar office, the national history office, the conference office, the jade office, etc., focusing on the analysis of institutional setup, management system and the transfer of historians, pointing out that the characteristics of the system of historians in Song Dynasty are: (1) killing and supervising the revision for the promotion of the outline; The emperor read the history of this dynasty; Song Xiuben's history is not in the peripheral bureau; The mobility of historians is more favorable, with more part-time jobs and less mobility. They are admitted to the official position through the imperial examination and are well paid. The study of some problems has the power to correct mistakes.

Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were all dynasties established by ethnic minorities, and they all drew lessons from the experience of Han people in compiling history, each with its own characteristics. Studying them is of great benefit to us to understand the characteristics of national historiography. Zhu Zifang's Textual Research on Historians in Liao Dynasty (Research on the History of Historiography, No.4, 1990) investigates the previously unclear annotators and historians in Liao Dynasty, and points out that the Liao Dynasty changed the history museum into a national history museum, and the prime minister supervised the history museum. Although historians are permanent, they are not permanent, mostly other officials. He's History Revision System and Characteristics of Historians in Jin Dynasty (Research on History of Historiography, No.3, 1996) points out that the historical revision institutions in Jin Dynasty include the National History Institute, the Notebook Institute and the Works Bureau, and the main duties of the Notebook Institute are to record the discussions with North Korea during its visit to Japan, record the proceedings of the emperor and his officials, and stay with the emperor. The National History Academy is a permanent institution, and its historical posts are set as supervising, compiling, co-compiling and editing officials. Its main duty is to revise the historical records of this dynasty. Its historians are characterized by a certain proportion of national historians, who are first-class talents as historians, and most of them are Hanlin officials. Taiwan Province scholar Wang Zhu has The Museum of History and Historians of the Yuan Dynasty (Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on History of Historiography, published by Taipei Zhongxing University, 199 1), which expounds the compilation of Ju Zhu and Li in the Yuan Dynasty, the establishment and evolution of Hanlin National History Academy, and makes a systematic analysis of the system of revising history in the Yuan Dynasty. Sa Zhao Hao's Overview of Hanlin National History Institute in Yuan Dynasty (Journal of Beijing Administration College,No. 1999,No. 1) analyzes the role of Hanlin National History Institute in selecting talents, compiling history books, obtaining scholars and cultural exchanges. He also verified that it is located on the south bank of the east branch of the sorghum river, not on the east side of the sorghum river as people think.

V. Museum of Ming and Qing History

In the past hundred years, the research of Ming and Qing history museums has made many achievements. As far as the Ming Dynasty History Museum is concerned, the research has begun. Shang Huiming's Textual Research on Historical Museums in Ming Dynasty (Jianghuai ForumNo. 199 1 issue,No. 1 issue) holds that historical museums in Ming Dynasty should follow the example of Tang and Song Dynasties, and the official historical museum in the early Ming Dynasty was called the historical museum, and later imperial academy also served as a historian. In the selection of historians, we should pay attention to being a scholar. Historians should have statesmanship and be "upright". It has formed the principles of compiling history for the purpose of learning from others, compiling history in different disciplines, revising history strictly, and revising history in an inclusive way. Xie Gui 'an's A Probe into the History Museum of the Ming Dynasty (No.2, 2000) makes textual research and discussion on the basic characteristics and management system of the Ming Dynasty History Museum, and holds that the Ming Dynasty History Museum belongs to imperial academy and the Cabinet. The location is not in imperial academy, but near the cabinet of Zuoshunmen in the Forbidden City and its landlord pavilion. * * * Divided into ten pavilions, East Four Pavilion compiled historical materials, and West Six Pavilion compiled historical materials; It is a historical editing organization that combines reality. Although it is not a permanent museum, there are no fixed officials, but there are specific venues and certain management methods. It also analyzes the system of personnel, supply, doorman, attendance, establishment and reward of the history museum. Luo Zhonghui's History Museum in the Early Ming Dynasty and the Compilation of Yuan History (China History ResearchNo. 1992No. 1) investigates the establishment of museums in the early Ming Dynasty to revise the Yuan history and analyzes the political struggle caused by the compilation of Yuan history. Zhu Xizu's Textual Research on Nanming Historians and Official History (Volume III 1, August 1948, Journal of National History Museum) investigates the establishment, system and official history of Nanming Historians.

Compared with the research of Ming Dynasty History Museum, the research of Qing Dynasty History Museum has made great achievements. Firstly, the types of Qing Dynasty history museums are introduced and preliminarily analyzed. Yang's "Wuying Palace Bookstore and Neifu Bookstore" (The Palace Museum Press 199 1 Edition) and Shen Yuan's "Qing Dynasty Bookstore" (International Cultural Publishing Company 1995 Edition) introduced the bookshops in the Qing Dynasty. The former points out that there are three kinds of libraries in Neifu, namely, National History Library and General Program Library. , record museum, sound training museum, etc. , Bibliographic Museum, Three Links Museum and Unified Archives Museum. This paper analyzes the relationship between the book repair office and the book repair library in Wuyingtang. The latter divided the book-repairing institutions into imperial court and foreign court. The permanent book-repairing institutions in the Imperial Palace include the study room, the Literature Museum, the Inner Third Hospital, the inverted study room, the southern study room, the Shangshufang, the general planning hall and the book-repairing office in Wuying Hall, while the permanent book-repairing institutions in the outer court include the Juzhu Museum, the National History Museum and various temporary libraries. Qin He's Research on Qing Dynasty History Revision and Compilation of Qing Dynasty History Revision Draft (No.3, 2002) also divides Qing Dynasty history revision institutions into three categories: normal opening, exceptional opening and special opening. Special mention should be made here of George Chung's research. In the first chapter of his book A Study of the Official History of Qing Dynasty (published by Taipei Jinwen Publishing House 1994), he made a macro analysis of the organization of the official history compilation activities and the characteristics of the compilation system in Qing Dynasty, and inspected the cabinet, the Imperial Academy, the compilation system, all kinds of compilation museums and compilation talents in Qing Dynasty. Secondly, some historical museums in Qing Dynasty were studied in detail. Li Pengnian's National History Museum and its Archives (Journal of the Palace Museum No.3, 198 1), Qing Dynasty National History Museum and Biography of Qing Dynasty (Journal of Social Sciences No.3, 1982) and George Zhong's National History Museum of Qing Dynasty. Wen Li analyzed the institutional responsibilities of the National Museum of History and the contents of historical revision. Wang Wen focused on the establishment date of the National History Museum, pointing out that the National History Museum was first opened in the 29th year of Kangxi, and the second was opened in the 30th year of Qianlong. Wen Qiao systematically inspected the establishment and evolution, official composition, internal structure and editorial tasks of the National History Museum, and analyzed the dean and vice president, promotion, chief editor, co-editor, Qingwen General School, collection, proofreading, translation, transcription, submission and pen cutting. He pointed out that the organizational structure and management methods of the National History Museum are models of all national history museums, which corrected people's attitude towards the National History Museum. Zou Wen discussed the internal situation of the National History Museum from three aspects: institutions and responsibilities, systems and methods of historical revision, and systems and methods of personnel management. Wang's Textual Research on Archives in Qing Dynasty (Jianghan Forum No.2, 1999) made a systematic investigation on the establishment, personnel composition and management system of archives. Yao's "General Outline Pavilion and Official Maintenance Strategy in Qing Dynasty" (Journal of Shaanxi Normal University, No.2, 2002) examines the establishment of the General Outline Pavilion, the achievements of the official maintenance strategy in Qing Dynasty and its historical value. Xia Hongtu's Time Proof of the Establishment of the Qing Dynasty Master Plan Museum (Historical Archives 1997 No.2) holds that the Master Plan Museum should be established in Kangxi 2 1 year. However, Yao's Chronology of Planning Museums in Qing Dynasty (Journal of Beijing Normal University,No. 1 2002) holds that 14 is the beginning of the official site selection and establishment of planning museums. Chen Jiexian's "A Brief Study of Ju Pavilion Architecture in Qing Dynasty" (miscellaneous notes on Qing history, Xue Hai Publishing House, 1977 edition) studies the establishment and abandonment of Ju Pavilion in Qing Dynasty. George Zhong's Annotation Hall of Kangxi Mansion and Annotation of Kangxi Mansion (research on the official history of Qing Dynasty, published by Taipei Press 1994) analyzes the whole process of the establishment of the Annotation Hall of Kangxi Mansion, the characteristics of the Annotation Hall of Kangxi Mansion and its historical value. In addition, Liu Yi-Ba's Records of Guangxu Pavilion Organization (Academy, Volume 1, No.9, 1947) made an in-depth study on the establishment, personnel and establishment of Guangxu Pavilion, with abundant information and credible conclusions.

Six, some understanding

From the above summary, we can see that great achievements have been made in the research of China Museum of Ancient History in the past century. First, the research of the Tang and Song History Museum is in-depth, which not only clarifies many problems, but also examines the relationship between the Tang and Song History Museum and the politics and academics of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Second, micro-textual research deserves attention. In particular, the textual research on the establishment, evolution and management mechanism of some historical museums has laid the foundation for further in-depth research. The study of history museum in the past century also gives us enlightenment: First, the study of history museum system involves many disciplines, such as social history, institutional history, historiography history and so on. Therefore, the research on the history museum can not be limited to the historical level, nor can it be limited to the institutional level, but should consider the mutual influence of all levels and grasp its real connotation. Attention should be paid to the vividness and flexibility of the history museum, whose operation and transformation vary from time to time. Secondly, we should discuss the history museum in the framework of the whole society, politics, system, history and literature, get rid of the stereotype of being practical, truly grasp the role and significance of the history museum in political and cultural life, and explore the spiritual essence of traditional historiography under the revision of the history museum. Thirdly, on the basis of predecessors' research, we should make full use of rich literature, broaden the horizon of history museum research, and make a comprehensive study of society, politics, academic culture, history and literature with the history museum as the conclusion and the relationship between historical revision and social politics and historical development as the breakthrough.