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The artistic characteristics of Gaomi New Year pictures

The so-called ashes are to use willow branches to burn ashes, trace lines as a master, and make multiple copies at a time. The artist then powders the face and hands on the printed manuscript, applies color, traces gold, outlines lines, and finally applies clear oil to key parts. The technique of dusting New Year pictures is unique, using color instead of ink, the lines are bold and smooth, the writing is full of meaning and the style is bright.

Gaomi New Year paintings originated in the early Ming Dynasty and have a history of more than 500 years. It is said that its founder was a family named Wang from Gongpomiao Village, Beixiang, Gaomi (now Dongfeng Village, Xiazhuang Town). The family migrated from other places. Due to the need to make a living, they copied some posters and temple murals and set up a stall for sale. Gradually they mastered some skills and continued to explore. They burned readily available willow branches into charcoal sticks to use as paintbrushes. Pickle lumps are carved into seals and printing molds. Since then, Gaomi New Year paintings with the rustic flavor of the countryside, the traditional customs of farmers, and the magnificence and charm of folk art have been born. Most of the early New Year pictures painted on ash mainly featured statues of gods and flowers on ink screens. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, ink screen flowers had been sold in the market as stereotyped works. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Wang family in Gongpomiao Village began to accept apprentices and teach skills. They first accepted the four sons of the Zhang family in the village as apprentices. After completing their studies, the Zhang brothers opened a workshop to paint and sell paintings. They innovated their themes and expanded the influence of Puhui New Year paintings. In the last years of Qianlong's reign, some people from Lijiazhuang, Zhaojiaquan and Dujiaguanzhuang in Gaomi successively came to the in-laws' temple to learn from the Zhang brothers. When they returned home after becoming skilled, they also opened workshops and taught apprentices. Suddenly, New Year painting artists sprung up like mushrooms after a rain.

During the Jiaqing period, Gaomi Puhui New Year pictures began to use the new technology of combining painting and printing. At that time, Hu San, who had been a stereotype in Yangliuqing Painting Shop in Tianjin, came to Lijiazhuang, Gaomi, and joined Hu Yuxian's family. He incorporated Yangliuqing woodblock New Year painting techniques into the production of dusty New Year paintings. He carved block printing line drawings and then completed the pictures by hand painting, so that each painting could be mass-produced in a short period of time, greatly improving efficiency. As the economic benefits have doubled, many painting studios have changed to this kind of New Year paintings, which are called half-printed and half-painted.

New workshops are constantly opening in the Gaomi Beixiang area, gradually forming large-scale production, attracting a large number of foreign painting dealers, merchants competing for trafficking, so that the dust-dusted New Year paintings are gradually sold to all parts of the country, becoming famous. It has become one of the famous New Year pictures in the country. In order to maintain the sales of Puhui New Year paintings, artists continue to expand the scope of themes and improve them with reference to various techniques of other paintings and use them flexibly. In the creative competition where a hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers bloom, artists each have their own specialties in subject matter and techniques, forming their own characteristics. In general, two schools are formed: one is mainly ink painting and ink screen, and its pictures are elegant, plain and steady; People call it "Lao Mo Hua Zi"; the other school is the "big red and big green" school. They learned from the techniques of using color in Yangliuqing woodblock New Year pictures and other woodblock New Year pictures, using bright red and green to dye the picture, using color instead of ink, pursuing a bright and prosperous picture with strong contrast. The early New Year paintings were mainly ink and wash. From the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, they gradually developed to use color instead of ink, and became more gorgeous. Initially, the themes of the New Year paintings were the Kitchen King and the God of Wealth. Later, it gradually moved to various New Year pictures used to decorate and beautify rooms. The content also mostly revolves around Chinese traditional customs. For middle-aged and elderly people, most people have longevity and longevity, and filial piety comes first. The New Year pictures show longevity and longevity. There are old longevity stars holding dragon-headed crutches, holding longevity peaches, stepping on auspicious clouds, or riding fairy deer. They are also contrasted with ancient pines and cranes. There are couplets on both sides: longevity is as long as the southern mountain pine, and happiness is as good as The East Sea has long currents. The most representative New Year pictures showing filial piety are the Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures, which were once popular among Gaomi folk.

In order to meet the needs of the market, most of the contents of the New Year pictures are festive, which is very suitable for people to post during festivals. Such as sister-in-law gossip, shuttlecock kicking, everything goes well, wealth and peace, Eight Immortals celebrating birthday, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, good fortune and longevity, two children offering birthdays, beautiful woman with round fan, four seasons flower screen, family hall, etc. are all representative works of the New Year paintings. The main genres of New Year pictures for throwing ashes include nave, strip screen, couplets, window side, stove paintings, Kangtou paintings, worship paintings, calendars, etc. According to the themes, they mainly include worshiping the family hall, civil and military gods of wealth, the Eight Immortals, auspiciousness and celebration, stories and operas, history Allusions, landscapes and flowers, historical figures, etc. can be called the epitome of rural social life and a grand view of folk life. There are two major genres of New Year paintings: old mosaic paintings and red goods paintings. Lao Mo Hua inherited the traditional painting method and still mainly painted ink screens with an elegant style. Although he was impacted by the new painting school, he was determined not to change his original intention. He wrote a song to express his ambition: Ink screen, ink screen, clear confession on the desk. The mother-in-law doesn't like it, but the old man flatters her. When goods are sold, one knows the owner, and each has his or her own future.

Red Goods boldly draws on the use of colors in Tianjin Yangliuqing paintings and Weixian New Year paintings, moving closer to bright red and green, making the works appear bright and prosperous with strong contrast. It was loved by most people for a while, and artists also composed their own songs to promote their achievements. : A large stroke of red and green paints, good sales in the market, hanging on the wall of the banker, auspicious and prosperous.

Brush, brush, plant flowers in one stroke. Big brush strokes and wild strokes. Carefully powder your face and draw your eyebrows skillfully. If you want to look good, pickle the vegetables and smash the flowers. This jingle not only explains the style and characteristics of Gaomi New Year paintings, but also explains its production methods. Brushing, brushing, brushing naturally refers to the speed at which New Year paintings are created. In order to pursue efficiency and to meet the needs of sales, folk painters adopted a carefree and unpolished style when painting. The large brushstrokes and hooked strokes refer to the brushwork used in New Year paintings. The wild scribbling with large strokes is the embodiment of intention, and the smooth strokes are the portrayal of workmanship.

This is the reason why New Year paintings made of dust are called folk freehand paintings. Careful powdering of the face and skillful painting of the eyebrows and eyes are the subtle parts of the New Year pictures. In the works of characters in the New Year paintings, there are one or several white faces, that is, the face is first powdered to create a white face shape, and then the facial features are skillfully outlined, and then painted and varnished to look rich. It is elastic, transparent and delicate, giving people a strong sense of reality, which is an effect that other folk New Year pictures cannot achieve. Pickle carving is a production method used to enhance the appreciation of the New Year pictures. After the entire work is completed, pickles are used to carve patterns on them, and then they are dipped in color and kneaded on the clothes painted with large strokes to break the dullness of the picture. Feeling, seeking vividness and change. In order to improve work efficiency and enhance the picture effect, folk artists also created Yuanyang brush liners and various types of brushes. The division of labor of these tools also provided conditions for the formation of a style of dust-dusting New Year pictures and writing.

Although the production technology of dusty New Year pictures is relatively unique, it still belongs to a type of painting among the group of Chinese New Year pictures. Before the appearance of the dusty New Year pictures, most of the New Year pictures produced in the Gaomi area were hand-painted by some poor literati. In order to cater to the needs of the people, they used meticulous brushwork or half-work to draw some festive-themed New Year pictures and sold them in the market. Talk about making up for the shortcomings of life. As you can imagine, this production efficiency is extremely low. Therefore, this low-efficiency rendering of New Year pictures alone is far from meeting the needs of the people to post New Year pictures during the Spring Festival. Years of production practice have prompted artists to improve the techniques of New Year pictures, and thus the type of New Year pictures was born. The emergence of dust-dusted New Year pictures made it possible for those ingenious folk artists to engage in the production of New Year pictures and make a living from this.