What are the skills of drawing?

Lead: People who are interested in painting may want to ask themselves what skills they have. The following are my painting skills to share with you. Welcome to learn from them!

Painting is a very interesting science, which requires not only the thinking ability of philosophers. The writer's social observation and the poet's passion also need keen visual perception and superb painting skills, so being a painter must make efforts. One of them is to work hard when you are young, that is, to lay a solid foundation for sketching, and it will be too late to make up for it when you are old. For many students, these words may be platitudes. Everyone knows the importance of the basic skills of sketching, but after studying for so many years, nothing has been achieved. There are many reasons. One possibility is that their learning methods are inappropriate or not hard enough. Another possibility is that there is no good learning environment, or students who like to play around have influenced themselves, or the teacher who draws the class doesn't care much, so students are allowed to draw by themselves. I learned from such an environment myself, and I always thought that my path was smooth. However, after so many years of study and thinking in the Academy of Fine Arts and practical exploration of pre-examination education, I found that I actually took a lot of detours and spent a lot of time and energy without using the key points, which was only half the effort.

I remember every day before the exam, I kept drawing with a sketch book, but I didn't know that painting without a purpose would not have any results, or that it would have gains, but it was only a little. When learning painting, we should maintain a strong learning purpose at every step of the learning process, know what to train in sketching, what to pay most attention to when sketching, where to look when starting to write, and what kind of picture effect to draw. I'm sorry if you only know how to draw objects before, but what I can tell you is that most of your time is actually useless. If you draw like this every day in the first half of the college entrance examination, you may only use your time effectively for one month in the end, but if others make full use of these six months, the gap between you will be very large. You can imagine the result of the competition between the effective time of one month in the examination room and the effective time of others for half a year.

If you have studied painting for many years, when I ask you what your structure is, what your space is, how to paint colors and what painting is, if you are still unclear, then you should consider whether your previous study is too futile. As far as I know, every music student will start with "basic music theory". When you ask him what is scale, interval, minor, increase and decrease chord, few people will tell you clearly, because these concepts have long been integrated with their practice in their minds.

Art is interlinked. Since the basic theory of music is so important when learning music, isn't the basic theory of painting important? The answer is yes, but few beginners, even those who have studied painting for many years, can explain some basic theories clearly, which only shows that our learning methods are flawed. I often tell students that taking an exam is like doing a math problem. Only 65,438+000 formulas need to be memorized for the Central Academy of Fine Arts, 70 formulas for the Chinese Academy of Fine Arts and 50 formulas for local universities. If you haven't been admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts after years of repeated study, it only means that your method is wrong and you haven't remembered the necessary formula of 100.

As art, several art teachers can ask students to explain the basic theory clearly before starting teaching, and then slowly let the theory penetrate into the students' bone marrow in practice. Art students mostly sit there, copying still lives and models in confusion. Occasionally, the teacher will come up to you and say, "Your structure is wrong and your shape is not accurate." But I don't delve into why students have such problems. In my opinion, you can't get out of studying like this all your life. Students fall into the misunderstanding of learning and get farther and farther away from the door of art, just like athletes, they train regular movements when they are young and become professional athletes when they grow up. This has its theoretical and scientific basis. If you don't do this, you can't play well. The gap between professional and amateur started from the beginning. If you are not standardized from the beginning, you can only be an amateur athlete in the future. Therefore, when we study painting, we should also start from the most basic, so that every step is standardized and step by step. In a few months, your painting knowledge and skills can be greatly improved. A great man once said, "the key to life is not where you stand, but where you are going." So we must choose the right path from the beginning.

Specific to the method of learning painting, I probably summed it up with my own experience. Simply put, learning painting can be divided into two parts: one is painting theory, and the other is practical skills.

Painting theory can be divided into two parts, the first part is visual aesthetics, and the second part is basic theoretical knowledge. 1: Visual Aesthetics: Rodin's "eyes that discover beauty". To learn art, you must at least have a good ability to distinguish good works from bad works. This is very important on your way to study art. If you don't have this ability, you don't have to consider continuing to study art, because a music learner can't hear what music is good or not, let alone interpret a good work! Therefore, aesthetic ability is a kind of ability that we must cultivate, and we must cultivate it to a certain height in order to find a pair of wings for our artistic dreams. You can't go far without him; Without him, you can't tell who is Satan and who is an angel. The "aesthetic ability" of art is just like the "solfeggio" of music. When you press the five keys of the piano at the same time, you can hear which five keys are and sing them. It is equivalent to that you can see the vein of a beautiful painting at a glance, or you can see how many levels of tones it has with two eyes. In this way, you will have basic aesthetic ability. There is also a kind of aesthetics called feeling, and the cultivation of this ability is abstract, which is related to a person's living habits and personality. But if we don't feel this way when studying art, just like a person without a soul, the importance can be imagined. Therefore, there is still a soul on the road of learning painting. We will talk about how to cultivate this feeling in detail later. 2 Basic knowledge theory, probably including: structure, space, volume, texture, sense of quantity and so on. . . . . . Of course, we can't just recite their literal meanings, but we should understand their true meanings literally. From my personal experience, with the growth of age, our understanding of each definition will be deeper, so when learning these definitions, don't limit yourself to the initial simple understanding. Think about him occasionally. He won't give up on you as long as you don't give up on him. Take the word structure as an example. When I first learned to draw, I thought that the structure was to make the plaster stronger and bigger. I thought that the structure was to make the cheekbones and other bones stronger, harder and darker. However, this is not my understanding now. In fact, structure is a relationship in which different forms are intertwined. It has nothing to do with being strong or not. It's totally two concepts. Sturdy is a matter of texture, not structure. For example, two sacks, one full of bricks and the other full of potatoes, can I ask you to see what's in them? You should be able to see the difference between them. Congratulations, you have seen their structure. But few students can think and draw like this from the beginning. They are the same as before. Like me, they confuse and entangle some concepts. So I hope everyone will get out of the misery as soon as possible and make a positive result!

For another example, we often talk about texture and sense of quantity. It sounds that these two words are abstract and difficult to explain. It seems that you can only understand them, but it is not. I believe that complex and difficult concepts can also be clearly stated in simple and clear language. Let me put it this way. Now there are three spheres with different textures, one is a wooden ball, the other is a stainless steel ball and the other is a plaster ball. So how can we show their texture and sense of quantity when painting? When we first learned painting, our teacher taught us a concept called "five tones", namely: highlight, light gray, light and dark boundary, reflection and projection. If we change the color from light to dark, we use the ten numbers 1 to 10 to represent the change of depth, 1 stands for white and 10 stands for black. Then at this time, we combine the five major harmonies with the tenth level to get the expression method of texture and quantity. The expressions of the textures of the three objects are made into the following table:

Reflection projection of bright light and light gray dividing line

Wooden ball 2 3 5 4 7

Stainless steel ball 1 5 10 3 8

Gypsum ball 1 2 6 4 8

To sum up, the accurate pentatonic proportion of each object can clearly show the different texture and sense of quantity of each object. So in fact, there are few abstract concepts in painting except that it feels abstract. This is my own explanation, there may be a better explanation, and we can discuss it together in the future. Practical skills can be roughly divided into two parts: understanding the material and how to show the picture effect. To put it bluntly, it is how to show what you know in your stomach to the picture. Many students often feel this way, knowing that the place they drew is uncomfortable, but no matter how they change it, they can't change it well. Another situation is that even if the painting is not good, you will feel good about yourself. This is much more terrible than the first situation! So you need to think more when you start painting today. Painting is not that simple. If you simply look at him, he will give you a simple picture.

So let's start with the materials now. Generally speaking, we will ask for pencils and carbon lead in the exam now. Although these two materials are both pens for painting, the materials and feel are completely different, and the effects of the two strokes on the same piece of paper will be completely different. Some pens are only suitable for certain papers, which will produce better results. However, some students don't think so. They just used the best paper, but they didn't know that this paper was specially designed and manufactured for a pen. Therefore, in the process of learning, we should seriously understand and constantly eliminate the dross, so that you can keep moving forward. Where is the paper? We all know that a sketch paper has two sides, one is rough and the other is smooth. Because the smooth side is the front, we use it to write, so we naturally use the shiny side as the front to draw. Actually, it is not. Writing takes into account the fluency and convenience of writing, and does not need to overlap, so the smooth surface is clean and tidy. But when painting, you can't just draw one layer. In order to make the picture more layered and more effective, we often need to wipe it and change it, so that we will find that the side with large particles on the paper will have great advantages, because it will be more difficult to get tired of painting or stick together if we modify it repeatedly and increase the level. And it will be rich in layers and durable. Then there is the drawing board we use to draw. Now all the drawing boards sold in the market are wrapped in a layer of plastic cloth. After students buy it, they are often reluctant to tear off the plastic sheets and directly nail paper on them to draw pictures. I have to say that I have fulfilled the sentence "buy bamboo slips and return pearls". The reason why the sketchpad is made of wood is that wood is gentle, tough, absorbent, feels good and comfortable to hold. Plastic is wrapped to protect the drawing board. In order to sell well, we bought it back. Must we resell it? We bought a drawing board just to draw a good picture, so how do we do it? You draw on a board wrapped in plastic, wipe it a little, and the whole paper will move. It will take a long time to catch the board. Your hand is sweating and sticking to the plastic. This is not good! Uncomfortable means uncomfortable in my heart. Can your painting be cool? So my principle is that everything serves painting. This is a thumbtack. A piece of paper has four corners. According to common sense, everyone knows that four thumbtacks should be nailed to a piece of paper, but the strange phenomenon in the studio is that there are several people staring, from one to four. The role of thumbtacks is that the pen moves the paper, and the pen does not move the paper; The two pins are fixed and move down, and the left side is fixed and the right side moves; Three pieces of paper are perfect in imperfection, perfect, but a little awkward anyway; Four pins can be regarded as a successful and enlightened person. Because to draw a good picture, the paper moves back and forth. Can you draw? Sometimes we always complain that the model is always moving. Several people have complained that your drawing paper is always moving! I have always admired the kind of student who is good at observing and learning, because you will find that he is actively observing what others are doing through his own eyes and learning the advantages of others. Instead of muddling along every day, waiting for the teacher to tell me. What's more, even if I tell you, I won't change. It is a dream that such a person can go to the Academy of Fine Arts. The Academy of Fine Arts is real, not a dream, so I hope you are real. Bit by bit accumulation is the only shortcut to the Academy of Fine Arts. There is still a lot of material knowledge that we need to know. Here, it's just a brick and a jade, and most of them can be discovered and summarized by themselves.

Let's talk about the effect of the picture first. First, when a person asks you how many people there are in the world, you may say 6 billion, which is the answer at the level of geographical knowledge, but if your brain turns sharply, the answer is only two people, men and women. I think painting also needs a little brain teaser consciousness, that is, it is good at generalization, or it can be said that we can look at the problem with the overall and overall consciousness. This is what we need to learn in the first class and the last class when we study painting. What I learned in the middle is to put things in this big bag. Therefore, the works with good picture effect must be the whole. Then if there is no problem on the whole, the next thing to say is the sense of rhythm, which can also be said to be the change of the picture. It doesn't matter if it changes, but it's not good to change it into a flower. The meaning of changing flowers is not to say that the painting is chaotic, but to say that there is a lack of small induction, that is, three small whole under the big whole. With these three small whole, there are nine small whole below. When I say flowers here, I mean that we only have one big whole followed by nine small ones, and the picture effect has no rhythm, because it is not step by step. Just like a country, there are no provinces and cities below the central government, but villages directly. Do you think the country can not be chaotic? So painting is the same as governing the country. You should consider how to manage it from the whole to the part, so that it can be enriched without getting out of your control. With this awareness, what you need to do is to improve the ability of your eyes and hands, see clearly with your eyes, and then show it through your hands. But some students here will ask, even if I see it clearly, I still can't draw it, and it's not accurate. Then I can tell you that you haven't practiced enough now, or the practice method is wrong. How can I develop the Monkey King's eyes? Of course, the answer is definitely not to light them. As a mortal, your best way is to learn to look at problems with a "comparative" eye. "Comparison" is him. He can make you spend the least energy in the shortest time to achieve the most unexpected effect of being thoroughly remoulded. For example: the contrast between points and lines and surfaces, the contrast between black and white and gray, the angle contrast between main lines and diagonal lines, etc. . . . . . Then how to train a comparative vision will be a topic in the future. Because of the limited space here, we will put it aside for the time being. The eyes are trained, and the rest is the hands. In fact, the most difficult problem among all problems is the problem of hands-on. Think about it. Let's draw a picture with lines or lines and practice lines for you 10 days. Can't you practice your lines? If you can't practice well, that month will definitely be enough. If you still can't draw a few straight lines, then I can only regret to tell you that you are not suitable for painting. I remember when I was a beginner, it took me three days to finish my lines. The practical cost is very low, and newspapers are still used.

Lines are the ultimate carrier of your observation and thinking. Simply put, the hand is the spokesman for the eyes and brain. Your painting level is finally reflected in your picture effect, and the picture effect is carried by lines. So since lines are so simple, it's best not to have the result that lines can't fully express your knowledge. The only reason for this result is that you are not diligent enough. How high your ideological awareness is, how good your hands are. Hands are always behind your head. It's over if your hands are high and your eyes are low, and the water quality is getting lower and lower. Because the brain commands the hand, not the hand commands the brain. By coordinating these three aspects, you can become an art learner who doesn't take detours. If we want to divide them into three proportions, it should be 50% brain, 30% eyes and 20% hands. It's no use talking too much. You still have to spend more time practicing every day.

Sketch, sketch, I don't think it is necessary to be so clear. Don't always think that sketch should be simple, but general. Sketch must be thorough and meticulous. There is no such word as sketch in the west. They are generally called sketches and drafts. They are all drawing. As long as your modeling ability is improved, don't worry about what is not good. If you don't draw well, draw well. I don't think it makes sense, because your ability and understanding have reached a certain level, and there can be no good or bad. Studying art is like Konikin's law. If a wooden barrel consists of five boards, they are: 1 theoretical knowledge, 2 practical experience, 3 efforts, 4 instructors and 5 people's understanding. These points can determine how high the level in your barrel can be. Of course, the lowest board plays a decisive role, because if it is not high enough, there will always be water leaking from it.

I have always believed that there is gain from giving. The more you give, the more you get. No pains, no gains. As long as you work hard, there will always be a bumper harvest one day! ;