Briefly talk about the four great Chinese classics

The Four Great Classics

"Journey to the West" Wu Cheng'en "Water Margin" Shi Naian "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Luo Guanzhong "A Dream of Red Mansions" Cao Xueqin

"A Dream of Red Mansions"

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It is also called "The Story of Stone" and "Gold and Jade Fate". Long novel. 120 chapters. The first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin, and the last 40 chapters are generally considered to be continued by Gao E. The novel takes a love story as the central clue and describes the tragic fate of Jia Baoyu and a group of women in the Red Mansion during the period from prosperity to decline of the Jia Mansion. It broadly reflects the life and historical trends of feudal society. With its large scale, rigorous structure, and beautiful and vivid language, it has created many typical artistic images and has become the artistic pinnacle of Chinese classical novels! "A Dream of Red Mansions" has endless descriptions and endless passages. It is truly a wonderful book through the ages!

"A Dream of Red Mansions" is the most famous and widely circulated among ancient Chinese novels, has the largest number of readers, and is the most widely published. Since the publication of this classic masterpiece, critics have come up in droves with divergent opinions, and it has naturally formed a The most important thing is the red school. People are still publishing, reading, and studying "Dream of Red Mansions". This is the eternal charm of this classic literary masterpiece, and this is the immortal value of this classic literary masterpiece. Masters of traditional Chinese painting from the north and south spent two years carefully creating 350 color traditional Chinese paintings. The artist accompanied the text with pictures, some describing moods, some expressing scenes, some thick ink, or meticulous outlines, artistically reproducing the rich social life and vivid characters of the original work.

"Journey to the West"

Wu Chengen's mythological novel "Journey to the West" is magnificent in scale, with twists and turns in the plot, vivid language, and the use of romantic creative techniques. It is extremely rich in imagination. A treasure in ancient Chinese novels. "Four Classic Paintings by Famous Painters: Journey to the West" invited more than 40 famous painters such as Dai Dunbang and Zhao Hongben to draw 240 Chinese paintings with high artistic value, which are either bold and rough, or simple and beautiful, and include people, gods, demons, monsters, mountains, etc. Water, flowers, insects, birds, beasts, etc. are colorful. The painting methods may be meticulous sketching or freehand brushwork. The style may be bold and rough, or simple and beautiful. The techniques are outline, rendering, contrasting, splashing ink, vivid and colorful. It shows the most exciting scenes in the novel. The text adds elegance to the painting, and the painting adds unique charm to the text. The pictures and text are alternately blended together.

"Water Margin"

Shi Naian's novel "Water Margin" contains extremely vivid life scenes and colorful characters. Water Margin 108 will have different identities and temperaments. , is a wonderful flower in ancient Chinese novels. The text of "Four Classic Paintings by Famous Painters - Water Margin" incorporates 293 traditional Chinese paintings, which were jointly painted by 41 famous traditional Chinese paintings such as Dai Guobang, He Youzhi, and Chen Baiyi. The painters painted vivid life scenes with their masterful hands. , the characters and plots are vivid and have profound meaning.

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

In the history of Chinese literature, perhaps there is no work that can attract so many readers for a long time like "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". For hundreds of years, She has been passed down from generation to generation by almost the entire nation. Reading, it can be said that "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has been deeply rooted in every corner of our national life. "Four Classic Paintings by Famous Painters: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is composed of 35 masters of painting, including Dai Guobang, Chen Baiyi, and Dai Honghai, who painted 292 traditional Chinese paintings with colorful brushes. The painters have different styles and schools, either meticulous, like a needle and thread, or freehand, like flowing clouds and flowing water, all in one go. They colorfully display the grand war scenes and numerous characters during the Three Kingdoms period, reaching the level of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" It is the pinnacle of painting creation and also demonstrates the unique style of traditional Chinese painting, an undiscovered treasure of China. In particular, some of the most popular and famous chapters, such as the friendship in Taoyuan, Fengyi Pavilion, Discussing Heroes over Cooking Wine, Three Visits to Thatched Cottage, A Thousand Battles with Confucian Scholars, Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat, Seven Captures of Meng Huo, etc., are brilliantly presented

Reference materials: /question/5438024.html

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Introduction to the Four Classical Classics

"A Dream of Red Mansions"

About the author: Cao Xueqin, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty. His name is Zhan, his courtesy name is Meng Ruan, and his nickname is Xueqin.

Content introduction: The book "A Dream of Red Mansions" takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai as the main line, and shows the rise and fall of the four major families "Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue". The broad vision of social life is all-encompassing, encompassing all kinds of worldly human feelings.

People say that "A Dream of Red Mansions" contains the historical capacity of an era and is an encyclopedia of the end of feudalism.

1. Nowadays, when people talk about "A Dream of Red Mansions", they often refer to the first eighty chapters by Cao Xueqin and the last forty chapters by Gao E. The total number of words in these 120 chapters is about 1,075,000 words.

2. When Cao Xueqin wrote this book, he used the "homophonic meaning" method. He named the four sisters of the Jia family Yuanchun, Yingchun, Tanchun, and Xichun, which is a homophony of "original sigh" When Jia Baoyu wandered in the illusory realm of Taixu, Jinghuan Fairy asked him to drink tea called "Thousand Reds and One Cave", which is a homophone of "Thousands of Reds and One Cry", and also asked him to drink "Ten Thousand Colors in the Same Cup" of wine. , the name of the wine is a homophonic pronunciation of "Ten thousand beauties share the same sorrow", this approach almost runs through the whole book.

Events: 1. Sister Wang Feng took over the power of Tieksuan Temple

2. Lin Daiyu burned The manuscript ends with infatuation

3. The unlucky girl meets the unlucky man Gourd Monk who randomly judges the gourd case

3. Grandma Liu first enters the Grand View Garden

Character:

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1. Lin Daiyu: aloof by nature, naive and straightforward, contemptuous of fame and power, and a feudal rebel like Baoyu

2. Wang Xifeng: shrewd and capable, the actual housekeeper of the Jia family, extremely powerful Changes of opportunity, cruel and sinister ability,

3. Jia Baoyu: feudal rebel. He hated the official path of feudal society and opposed the feudal moral concept of "men are superior to women"

4. Xue Baochai: beautiful appearance, smooth muscles and bones, and elegant manners. She was keen on "official career economy" and persuaded Baoyu to go to the meeting to become an official. She abides by feudal women's ethics, and the city is quite deep. She can win over people's hearts and is praised by everyone in the Jia family.

"Journey to the West"

About the author: Wu Chengen, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Ruzhong, the nickname is Sheyangshan, and he is from Shanyang, Huai'an (Huai'an, Jiangsu).

Introduction: Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Seng protect Tang Monk from learning scriptures. Along the way, he went through a lot of hardships and defeated all kinds of demons and monsters. After ninety-nine and eighty-one difficulties, he finally succeeded and achieved success

Character image:

Tang Monk: tall in stature, He has an elegant manner, a kind temperament, and a very high attainment in Buddhist scriptures. He encountered ninety-nine and eighty-one difficulties in his journey to the west to obtain scriptures, but he never changed his obsession. With the assistance of Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sha, he went through many hardships and finally retrieved thirty-five scriptures from Leiyin Temple in the West. Finally, he was named "Zhan Tan Merit Buddha".

Sun Wukong: He hates evil as much as his enemies, is not afraid of difficulties, is perseverant, brave and fearless. After learning the scriptures, he was named the Victorious Buddha.

Zhu Bajie: Mild-tempered, honest and simple, strong, but also lazy and fond of taking advantage of small things. He obeyed his senior brother's words and was loyal to his master. He made great contributions to Monk Tang's study of Buddhist scriptures from the West, and was finally awarded the title of "Zhu Bajie". "Messenger of the Purifying Altar". He is a comic character that people love and sympathize with.

Monk Sha: Protected Monk Tang on his way to the West to obtain Buddhist scriptures. He worked hard and was loyal without complaint. After studying for Buddhist scriptures, he was named the "Golden Arhat".

Events: 1. Sun Wukong makes trouble in the Heavenly Palace 2. Wukong collects Bajie in Yunzhan Cave 3. Bajie fights in Liusha River 4. Sun Walker makes three-tune banana fan 5. Sun Walker makes trouble in Black Wind Mountain

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

About the author: Luo Guanzhong, a novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. The name is consistent with the characters. A native of Hangzhou, his ancestral home is Taiyuan.

Content introduction: "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" focuses on the political, military, and diplomatic struggles between the feudal ruling groups in the Three Kingdoms era, reveals the turmoil and darkness of the social reality in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and condemns the feudal rulers' actions. Tyranny reflects the suffering of the people and expresses the people's strong desire to call for a wise king and stability.

Character introduction:

Cao Cao: He has been unruly since childhood, but he is very talented, resourceful and good at adapting to changes. At that time, there was a famous scholar in Runan named Xu Shao who was good at commenting on characters. He commented on Cao Cao: "A capable minister in governing the world, but a traitor in troubled times."

Zhuge Liang: a wise man and a symbol of wisdom, loyal and upright, employing people on the basis of merit, modest, cautious, serious and dedicated to his duties.

Liu Bei: A great hero of a generation, generous and benevolent, and thirsty for talents.

As the saying goes: Liu Bei's empire was made by crying

Guan Gong: Loyalty, Wisdom and Courage

Events: 1. Three sworn brothers in Taoyuan 2. Burning of Red Cliff 3. Borrowing a sword from a straw boat 4. Kong Ming Borrowing the East Wind 5. Guan Gong killed six generals in five passes 6. Zhuge Liang wisely used the empty city strategy

"Water Margin"

About the author: Shi Naian, a novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.

Content introduction: The rulers of the Song Dynasty were corrupt and cruel. Many heroes such as Song Jiang and Lu Zhishen were eventually forced to become bandits in Liangshan due to various reasons and started an uprising. They raised the flag of righteousness, and under the slogan of doing justice for heaven, robbing the rich and giving to the poor, they killed all over the country. They dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the reactionary rulers, promoted the heroic fighting spirit of the people, and accomplished a great cause.

Character introduction: Song Jiang: bold, loyal, generous and generous

Li Kui: reckless, filial, brave

Wu Song: brave and resourceful, fighting against injustice, is a hero Heroic Man

Events: 1. Three sworn brothers in Taoyuan 2. Cao Cao cooked wine and discussed heroes 3. Liu Xuande visited the thatched cottage three times 4. Zhuge Liang talked with the Confucians 5. Guan Yunchang scraped bones to cure poison

1. Journey to the West Notes

Author: Wu Chengen

The story of "Journey to the West" comes from the true story of the monk Xuanzang who went through many hardships and dangers to India to learn Buddhist scriptures during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. The story of Tang Monk's Buddhist scriptures, It has been widely circulated among the people for 600 years. After countless people's creation, selection, addition, deletion, modification and processing, Wu Cheng'en became the final master. The book has 100 chapters and 41 stories.

Some people praised: "Journey to the West, from beginning to end, talks about the importance of sincerity and correctness of mind, and the new and best learning. There is not a single word about the sexual immorality of immortals and Buddhas. Or ask "Journey to the West" What is the book? It is indeed a wonderful book and a wonderful article." "The grandness and majesty of his thoughts are really impressive." Lu Xun once said: "Cheng En is good at comedy, and he talks about the joy of monsters. Anger, sorrow, and joy are all close to human feelings, so everyone likes to watch it."

The most charming character in "Journey to the West" is undoubtedly Sun Wukong. This monkey with great supernatural powers goes to heaven and earth alone. Being so spontaneous, affectionate and unrestrained represents the freest and naughtiest part of the human spirit, and has also become the symbol and sustenance of countless people's ideals. The eighty-one tribulations on the westward journey, as well as the magical and strange things along the way, and the touching conflicts between gods and demons, reflect the hardships and extreme hardships suffered in the process of seeking scriptures. The "Sutra" has become a symbol of "success" and "goal". People are paying attention to the process of the "Eighty-One Difficulties" because this series of tortures has begun to resonate with the Chinese spirit of "going through hardships and finally achieving success".

2. Dream of Red Mansions

Author: Cao Xueqin

Opening "Dream of Red Mansions", Cao Xueqin said: "It is full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears! It is said that the author is crazy , who can understand the meaning? ”

The book "A Dream of Red Mansions" shows a broad and comprehensive vision of social life through the description of the rise and fall of the four major families of "Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue". , including a variety of worldly human feelings. It is said that "A Dream of Red Mansions" contains the historical capacity of an era and is an encyclopedia of the end of feudalism.

The structure of the whole book is novel and ingenious. It uses five chapters at the beginning to cover up the essence of the content with mythical stories and "false language", placing the work in a confusing fog. Instead, the concept of "true" and "false" is borrowed, and the "dream" and "fantasy" world are used as excuses, so that the entire novel develops according to this structure of falsehood and truth, and finally creates a "life world". In "A Dream of Red Mansions", in addition to the famous Twelve Hairpins of Jinling, there are more than 400 other characters with names and surnames. These numerous characters, such as "The Crucian Carp Crossing the River", are diverse, distinctive, vibrant, and in no way unique. Repetition includes all kinds of human figures in the world. Even in the creation of the same person, he has thousands of faces, which is amazing.

Due to the vast content of "Dream of Red Mansions", different people give it different themes. In short, benevolent people have different opinions and wise people have different opinions. As Lu Xun said: "The meaning of destiny varies depending on the reader's vision. Confucian scholars see "Yi", Taoists see prostitution, talents see lingering, revolutionaries see rows, and gossips see the secrets of the harem... ..The precious jade under my eyes, but I saw that he saw many deaths..." As Wang Meng said: "It is a universe of its own, a world that is both rich and complex, both profound and mysterious, and real. Vivid and meaningful.

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3. Water Margin

Author: Shi Naian

"Water Margin" is also known as "Water Margin of Loyalty" and "Biography of Rivers and Lakes Heroes". The story of the Song Jiang Uprising during the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties was processed and compiled into a storybook. More than 200 years later, Shi Naian wrote China's first vernacular novel "Water Margin" based on the storybook, folk tales, and operas. In the history of the development of vernacular literature in my country, It is of milestone significance.

"Water Margin" touches on almost everything in feudal society, such as medicine and horoscopes, hooking fences and houses, playing, playing and singing, etc., providing us with a picture of the society in the Northern Song Dynasty. A scroll of customs in all aspects of life, Jin Shengtan, a famous novel theorist in the Qing Dynasty, said, "Without any other book, you can read it once and stop reading it. The unique "Water Margin" is one that you can never tire of..."

In "Water Margin", Shi Naian created the unique characters of a group of green forest heroes who gathered in the rivers and lakes and acted chivalrously, and the growth path of each of them who was forced to go to Liangshan. Each of them has his own language. In these languages, the different personalities of the characters are vividly and lifelikely portrayed: Li Kui's boldness, straightforwardness and loyalty, Lu Da's roughness but finesse, uprightness, Wu Song's bravery and meticulousness, Lin Chong's tolerance, and Song Jiang's humility. , Wu Yong's resourcefulness, through their language, makes people feel like seeing him and hearing his voice. The whole book contains big stories and short stories, and the vivid language of the novels still affects many literary and artistic works. With numerous climaxes and high readability, it is the originator of Chinese chivalrous novels. The influence of "Water Margin" can be seen in the chivalrous novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as contemporary martial arts novels.

In addition to its influence on literature. , the stories and characters of "Water Margin" have been involved in many artistic fields. Over the past 500 years, artists of all kinds have been recreating "Water Margin" again and again with enthusiasm, including folk art, drama, film, television, painting, etc. Sculpture has become a huge part of our cultural life.

IV. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Author: Luo Guanzhong

The rolling waters of the Yangtze River flow eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. Right and wrong, success and failure are all gone: the green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red for a few times. The white-haired fisherman on the river is used to seeing the autumn moon and the spring breeze: many things in ancient and modern times are all in laughter.

Looking at the heroes of ancient and modern times, in China's long ancient military history, there are two most glorious historical periods - the Spring and Autumn Period and the Three Kingdoms Period. These two periods were when the feudal princes were divided and the world was in chaos. During the war, the storm surged, and a large number of talents emerged who were capable of running the army and the country. Cao Cao, the traitor in troubled times, Zhuge Liang, who was a god in predicting things, dedicated himself to everything, Guan Yunchang, who was loyal and courageous, etc., all encountered extraordinary circumstances and showed their talents, each leaving an indelible legacy.

The novelist Luo Guanzhong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty took the struggle between the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period as his main theme, and enriched the history of the Three Kingdoms, miscellaneous notes, anecdotes, unofficial historical novels and folklore. The materials were fused, cut, and re-created into a large-scale historical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". This wonderful book is seven parts true and three parts fictional. It vividly reproduces the major historical events that occurred for a whole century (184~280) from the first year of Zhongping, the first year of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, to the death of Wu, the first year of Taikang, the first year of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. The majestic conception of the work, the vastness of the activity scenes, the vivid characters, and the high artistic level are all unparalleled among the world's classical novels.

“A dragon can be big or small, it can rise or disappear. If it is big, it can stir up clouds and spit out mist. If it is small, it can hide its shape. If it rises, it can soar in the universe. If it is hidden, it can lurk within the waves. This spring is deep, the dragon rides on the changes of time, and the dragon is a thing that can be compared to the heroes of the world." Discussing heroes while cooking wine with green plums, how heroic and satisfying it is. Reading and studying the Three Kingdoms can be said to have benefited a lot.

Three Kingdoms can be used to govern the country, to enlighten the world, to cultivate oneself, to know the art of war, to know benevolence and righteousness, to do business, to understand Taoism, to learn poetry and compose poems, to be good at eloquence, and to understand the trend of history... The book "Three Kingdoms" can be said to be all-encompassing and has profound meanings.

Reference materials: [Ewave Forum]

China’s Four Great Classics

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

"Water Margin" < /p>

"A Dream of Red Mansions"

"Journey to the West"

The foreign one seems to be

"Jane Eyre"

"Resurrection"

"Red and Black"

"Anna Karenina" But I don't know if it is

I am 100% Chinese Definitely