Talk about some things about Fuxi and Nuwa, one of the Three Emperors

Speaking of Fuxi, he is a very famous figure in ancient Chinese culture. In mythology, Fuxi and Nuwa are often called together because they are brother and sister and they are married. Their descendants have told many stories about the brothers and sisters, such as the head of a human and the body of a snake, the Kunlun Mountains escaping from floods, and the story of Nuwa patching up the sky as a result of an angry worker crashing into Buzhou Mountain, etc. These are all part of the Classic of Mountains and Seas. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is an encyclopedia that records ancient people, geography, culture, and history in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty. However, because the records in this book are too illusory and illusory, this book has been ignored by people for a long time. Read it as a fairy tale.

However, I think Fuxi and Nuwa may be more than just a mythical figure! There should be prototypes in real history, but some historical facts are not adequately recorded in writing, and they are gradually distorted in the oral transmission of future generations. , in ancient books with written records, myths have to be used to describe that period of history. Fortunately, there is evidence from archaeological sites, so we can vaguely discern some historical outlines from the fog of myth.

Now let me talk about the archaeological discoveries about Fuxi.

The first is the birth of Fuxi. The Dadiwan Cultural Site excavated in Tianshui, Gansu is probably the hometown of Fuxi. "Historical Records" says: "The Taihao Fuxi family, with the surname Feng, succeeded to the throne on behalf of Suiren. His mother was Hua Xu. He followed the great master's footsteps in Leize and gave birth to Fuxi in Chengji." Fuxi is another name for Fuxi. , the first half of this passage in the Historical Records is of minor importance. The important thing is the last sentence, "Fu Xi was born in Cheng Ji." "Han Shu" says: "Cheng Ji belongs to Hanyang County, Hanyang County and Tianshui County." The place names in the Qin and Han Dynasties used the names of states, counties, and counties, which are similar to the names of current provinces, cities, and counties. So if the number is correct, Tianshui County also corresponds to the current Tianshui City. Therefore, according to the "Historical Records" and the excavation of the Dadiwan site in Tianshui City, it should be correct that Fuxi's hometown is Tianshui City.

Now let’s talk about the secondary meaning of the sentence in "Historical Records": "Taihao Paxi, surnamed Feng, succeeded to the throne on behalf of Suiren." The "Taihao Fuxi" surname refers to the Yellow Emperor. The descendant of Taihou is the second among the Five Emperors. His name happens to be Fuxi, which is the same name as Fuxi, one of the Three Emperors. This is indeed confusing. You can distinguish it this way. Fuxi is 8,000 years old, and Taihou Fuxi, one of the Five Emperors, is 4,600 years old. It is not uncommon to see historical figures with the same name. For example, Boyan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, was Boyan who captured the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Gongdi, during the Kublai Khan period, and advocated building the Yellow River during the Yuan Shun Emperor period, which ultimately led to the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Boyan in the Peasant Uprising, the same is true for the two Fuxi, one Fuxi, one of the Three Emperors, and Taihao Fuxi, one of the Five Emperors. This Taihao Fuxi can also be understood in this way. Li Shimin, named Zhenguan, has an era name and a name. Taihao and Fuxi were confused with each other and only appeared after the Han Dynasty, but in fact Fuxi and Taihao are two people. Now there is Taihao Mausoleum in Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, which commemorates Taihao. Friends who like to travel should not go there to worship Fuxi. , otherwise it would be a joke. Huaiyang was called Wanqiu in ancient times. "Qianfu Lun·Five Emperors' Virtues" says: "Fuxi was named Taihou in his lifetime, and all of them were born in Chen." The capital was in Chen, which means the capital was established in the State of Chen. The capital of the State of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period was Wanqiu, which is now Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. The earliest site unearthed in Huaiyang is the Pingliangtai site related to Taihou, which dates back to about 4,600 years ago. Fuxi, one of the Three Emperors, dates back to 8,000 years ago. It is obviously not the same place. Wan where Fuxi was located 8,000 years ago Qiu is located in Kunlun Qiu, which has two names for the same place. The archaeological community has confirmed that I won’t go into details here. Kunlun Qiu is located in Wangwu Mountain, Jiyuan City, Henan Province. It is now also a tourist attraction. Friends who are interested can search for it.

"Historical Records" goes on to say that Fuxi is the surname of Feng, and the surname Feng is derived from the Suiren family. I mentioned it in my last article, which means that the Fuxi family is a descendant of the Suiren family. In "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" it is said that the Suiren family The Suiming Kingdom was established. After the Suiming Kingdom declined, it was replaced by Fuxi's Luo Fengguo. Luo Fengguo may be the Yangshao Cultural Site in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province today. It is a site of a matriarchal society.

Fuxi later granted Nuwa a title in Ruyang County, Luoyang City, Henan. There is a Nuwa Temple in Ruyang and many other legends and cultural sites related to Nuwa. In the Yangshao culture of Luo Fengguo, after Fuxi died, Nuwa inherited the position of leader. The Communists were dissatisfied with Nuwa's rule and launched a rebellion. They were finally defeated by Nuwa and fled to the Bijia Mountains in Jinzhou, Liaoning. They crashed into Buzhou Mountain and died. At the Honghe Lianghongshan Cultural Site in Jinzhou, Liaoning, a statue of the queen was unearthed. It proves that there is a group of people who worship the queen. Archeology proves that Nuwa defeated the Japanese workers here, and the Japanese workers were desperate and hit the mountain and died. However, not long after, natural disasters such as major earthquakes, floods, and meteorite rains occurred. This disaster caused the loss of life in the Yangshao culture. The ethnic groups of the Yangshao culture fled to various places. The tragedy also brought the Yangshao culture to all directions. Now there are unearthed Banpo Site in Xi'an, Cishan Cultural Site in Handan, Peiligang Cultural Site in Xinzheng, etc. are all radiation groups of the Yangshao Culture. Because this disaster was so violent, Nuwa thought it was a punishment for the anger of Gong Gong after his death. In order to calm down the anger of Gong Gong, Nuwa made Hou Tu, the daughter of Gong Gong's family, the goddess of the earth, in charge of the underworld. , that is, some kind of contact in the underworld, I hope she can convince her dad that you are so angry, it is not easy for everyone. Later generations named Queen Houtu as the Kitchen God to seek blessings, which resulted in this period of history. After the disaster, the population needed to reproduce, so Nuwa allowed inter-ethnic marriages, which was incest among the same generation as a last resort in order to reproduce offspring. After the population was almost restored, Nuwa resumed exogamy, commonly known as walking. Marriage is a symbol of marriage in a matrilineal society. Simply put, a woman takes charge of the family, brings a man into the family, and the children take their mother's surname. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" found it difficult to talk about the past events of generational marriage or hybrid incest, so it made up a myth about Nuwa creating humans and squeezing children out of clay. Just like today, when children ask their mothers where they come from, they feel sorry for their mothers. He said that your father had sex with me and my belly got bigger and you were born out of my vagina. So he lied to the children and said that it was picked up from the trash can or molded out of dirt.

Finally, there is something about Fuxi’s mother. The sentence in "Historical Records" "Her mother was called Hua Xu, and she followed the footsteps of giants in Leize", which means that Fuxi's mother was named Hua Xu, and she stepped on the footprints of giants in Leize Lake. The source of this passage in "Historical Records" should be the passage in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Eastern Classic of Hai Nei": "Fuxi was born in Lei Ze, where Hua Xu was a great man." Anyway, Fuxi's mother is Hua Xu's family, where is his father? In fact, it is the Lei Ze family. There are two places where the Lei Ze family lived, one is Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, and the other is Heze City, Shandong Province. They are both quite far away from the Huaxu family’s hometown in Lantian County, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. This intermarriage is a bit unreliable. Bar. . . But no matter what, it may be that the man from the Lei Ze family was so famous that he won the heart of Queen Huaxu, so he traveled thousands of miles to do it, and finally gave birth to the two brothers Fuxi and Nuwa.

In addition, Fuxi and Nuwa gave birth to four sons, namely Xi Zhong, Xi Shu, He Zhong and He Shu. I think these should be the four sons of Taihao Fuxi rather than the three emperors Fuxi. According to the ranking of brothers, uncles and uncles, these four sons only have the second and third sons, not the eldest and fourth sons, and the last two are not female or Ru'er's surname and are obviously not born to Nuwa. Nuwa was a matrilineal society at that time, and the first two of these four sons have the father's surname, and the last two may be concubines, because they are also the second and third children. In this case It does not conform to the marriage relationship in matrilineal society, so these four sons should be the fourth sons of Taihao Fuxi. Then Fuxi also had a daughter named Mi Fei, who should also be Taihao Fuxi. According to ancient patriarchal customs, when a woman gets married, her surname comes last and her given name comes first. Concubine is the surname and Mi is the given name. Obviously she is married to someone else. If the concubine It is not a surname but just a concubine named Mi, which means that the status is lower. According to the patriarchal custom, it may be the daughter of Taihou Fuxi and his concubine who is married to someone else as a concubine. That is, the concubine is a side wife instead of the main wife. Usually a princess. But this Concubine Mi is still very famous. After she drowned in the Luo River in Luoyang, she was named the Goddess of the Goddess of the Goddess of the Goddess of the Goddess of the Goddess of the Gods of the Goddess of the Gods of the Gods.

Finally, let’s summarize the achievements of Fuxi and Nuwa. In Fuxi’s era, she invented many musical instruments, such as Tao Yun, Qin and zither, and invented animal husbandry. These were unearthed at the Dadiwan site in Tianshui, and then there are Tao inscriptions. A kind of text painted on pottery, and then the Bagua diagram was performed based on the Suiren family's Hetu Luoshu, the development of deep farming rooted in livestock, the establishment of a simple bureaucracy and the cultivation of herbs, earlier than Shennong, and Fuxi and Nuwa got married in Fengzhou.

During Nuwa's era, she reformed class marriages into exogamy, developed the textile industry, reformed agriculture, financial management, invented various musical instruments, and so on.

Attached is a map of Fuxi's migration, as follows

That's it. I originally wanted to talk about matriarchal society in the next article, but I think it takes too much time to write, and I may not do it in the future. Updated.