On the problems of pronunciation, rhyme and tone in Putonghua learning or solving the improved learning methods.

I am a first-class Putonghua speaker, so let me answer your question briefly. First of all, talk about the problems that many people have in Putonghua. 1, flat tongue is a problem for many people. Z c s/zh ch sh are often confused. 2. nasal sounds such as in/ing an/ang en/eng, etc. This problem exists in some local dialects. There is such a problem in the tones of some local dialects. They can pronounce the word, but the tone (flat tone, rising tone, rising tone, falling tone, light tone) is incorrect. For example, in some places in Jilin, people can pronounce the pinyin of "Ji" as "Ji", but they can pronounce it as "Yin Ping" instead of "Yang Ping". 4. The numerical value of a word has a certain value, and many people can often read the correct height when reading a single word or word, but in a complete sentence, there is a problem of insufficient numerical adjustment. If the number axis (vertical axis) is used to represent the tone value of a word, then the correct tone value is: 5-5, 3-5, rising 2- 1-4, falling 5- 1. This scale is difficult to grasp. The word "ah" is the most commonly used phonetic change in Putonghua, and the correct pronunciation depends on which sentence it is put in. Take this word out alone, its pronunciation is "A" softly, but in a complete sentence, it will change with the word before the word "ah". In other words, the correct pronunciation is to use the second half of the pinyin of the last word as its initial consonant and then use "A" as its final consonant. For example: "The mountains in Guilin are really strange!" In the pinyin of qi, the second half is "I", so the correct pronunciation of "ah" is "ia", that is, "ya" softly. "The mountains in Guilin are really dangerous!" The pronunciation of "ah" in Xi 'an is "that". Some people tend to read its original sound in the same way, which is also incorrect. 6. Grammar and vocabulary This is also a common problem in learning Mandarin. Some grammars are not standardized enough, and the collocation between various components in a sentence is unreasonable. Misuse of subject, predicate and object. The other is vocabulary, because China is a vast country with dialects everywhere, from which many local words are derived. These words are often used only in a certain area, so this part of the language is not written. Although the pronunciation and intonation are correct, it can also be written in Chinese characters, but it is not a typical written vernacular, so it cannot be called Mandarin. For example, the word "potato" has many local names, most of which are called "potato", some places in Jiangsu are called "earth eggs" and Sichuan is called "potato". Although these words can be written in Chinese characters, they are not typical words in Mandarin. The typical name is "potato". 7. Intonation In some dialects, there are intonation problems. For example, the correct pronunciation of "Bo" is (bo) instead of (be). In fact, in Mandarin, there is no such pronunciation as (be\pe\fe). If you don't believe me, you can consult the dictionary. As for the sound (me), in the dictionary, there is only one Chinese character, that is "Yao", and no other word is pronounced with this sound. For example, "Ma" is a rising tone. Let's talk about the methods of learning Mandarin. 1. Don't say "these are all things learned by primary school students" in pronunciation and intonation. If you have this attitude, you will never speak Mandarin very well. Often primary school students can read the correct pronunciation, and many adults can't read it correctly. Therefore, to learn Mandarin, we should start from the basics. I studied normal education. At that time, there was a book "Basic Language Norms" (referred to as "Language Basis") in the textbook. I learned it from the simplest "a o e……", which is similar to that of primary school students, except that there are more profound things on it, such as what is a plosive sound, what is a vowel, the correct position of the tongue when pronouncing, and so on. It is suggested to go to a normal college or a broadcasting college and get a "language" textbook to study. It is an eternal theorem to ask more questions, listen more and practice more. "If there is a threesome, there must be a teacher." . Asking more questions is necessary for learning. If you are not sure about anything, you can ask an expert. Listen more. Listen to what? Listen to others, of course. who did you hear that from？ This depends on listening to the standard voice reading. The most direct way is to listen to the programs of CCTV hosts. (Must be CCTV/china national radio, preferably news channel. Don't underestimate the brackets I put in, this sentence is very important. Because different local radio and TV stations may be more or less mixed with some local dialect elements, and it is best to be the host of news columns, and their Mandarin is the most standard. Because for a TV station and radio station, variety shows, entertainment stations and so on. Don't have high requirements for the host's Mandarin, but pay more attention to their style and ability to adjust the atmosphere. Practicing more is an important part of learning Mandarin. Be sure to practice more, often read some typical vernacular works, read aloud, or study with reading tapes, and the effect is better. Being able to insist on speaking Mandarin, no matter who you talk to, is not something that many people can do. For example, if you are from Shanghai, you may speak Mandarin when you meet a foreigner, but you often speak Shanghainese when you are with friends in Shanghai. Therefore, no matter what occasion and who you meet, it is difficult to insist on speaking Mandarin, but it will improve your Mandarin level rapidly. Can do the above two points, I believe you will succeed. Hehe, I said "simple" at first, but I didn't expect to write so much, but it was my personal experience. Learn Mandarin well, and you are not afraid to travel all over the country! Work hard, my friend.