This paper introduces the operation process and post-sowing management of flower seedlings in 19 12 years.

(1) Land preparation as a bed (border) To cultivate one or two-year herbaceous garden plants in the open field, you should choose a plot with sufficient sunlight, fertile land, flat terrain, convenient water source and good drainage, and prepare the land before sowing or planting. 1. The quality of soil preparation has a great relationship with plant growth and development. Soil preparation can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, make the soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to soil water retention and organic matter decomposition, seed germination and root growth. Soil preparation also has certain insecticidal, bactericidal and weeding effects. The depth of soil preparation depends on flower species and soil conditions. Annual and biennial flowers have short growth period and shallow roots, and the depth of soil preparation is generally controlled at 20 ~ 30cm. In addition, the depth of soil preparation depends on the soil quality, the sand should be shallow and the clay should be deep. Land preparation is mostly carried out in autumn, and it can also be carried out before sowing or transplanting. First, turn over the soil to make the clods thinner, and remove stones, tiles, residual roots, broken stems and weeds to facilitate seed germination and root growth. Combined with soil preparation, certain base fertilizers, such as compost and manure, can be applied, and the pH of soil can also be improved. 2. Seedbed cultivation is often used to cultivate annual and biennial flowers in the open field. There are two commonly used forms: high bed and low bed, which are the same as sowing and seedling raising beds.

(2) Herbaceous flowers planted in the open field for one or two years are all sown and propagated. Most of them are first raised in seedbeds or containers, transplanted separately, and finally moved to flowerpots or flower beds for permanent planting. For flowers that are not suitable for transplantation, direct seeding can be used. 1. It is generally better to transplant before germination in spring. The methods of transplantation can be divided into bare root transplantation and soil transplantation. Bare root transplantation is mainly used for small seedlings and large seedlings that are easy to survive. Transplanting with soil is mainly used for large seedlings. Because transplantation will inevitably damage the root system, the water absorption of the root will be reduced, and reducing transpiration is beneficial to survival. Therefore, transplanting in a windless cloudy day is the most ideal. When the weather is hot, it should be carried out in the afternoon or evening when the sun is weak. When transplanting, spray water while planting, and then water after all seedbeds are planted. The row spacing of planting plants varies with the types of flowers, with the fast growing plants being sparse and the slow growing plants being dense; Plant type expansion should be sparse and plant type compact and dense. The row spacing between transplanted and planted plants is also different, and the transplanting density is higher than the planting density. The specific process of transplanting is as follows: (1) Seedling raising should be carried out under the condition of moist soil to reduce the damage to root system during seedling raising. If the soil is dry, it should be fully watered one day or several hours before seedling raising. Bare-rooted seedlings, dig out the seedlings together with the soil with a shovel, and then gently shake off the soil attached to the roots. Be careful not to break the fine roots to avoid long-term exposure or wind blowing. For seedlings with soil, first shovel the soil around the seedlings with a shovel, and then dig out the seedlings from the lower side to keep the clods intact as much as possible. In order to maintain water balance, some leaves can be removed after emergence to reduce transpiration, but it is not advisable to remove too much. (2) Planting methods can be divided into ditch planting, hole planting and hole planting. Ditch planting is planting by ditching according to a certain row spacing. Hole-sowing is to drill holes according to a certain plant spacing. Hole planting is to dig holes according to a certain distance between plants. When planting bare-rooted seedlings, the roots should be stretched to prevent the roots from curling. In order to make the root system fully contact with the soil, press the soil with your hands when covering the soil. When pressing, the force should be even, and don't press the base of the stem hard to avoid crushing. When planting seedlings with soil, fill and compact the soil around the mound. When pressing, prevent clods from being crushed. The planting depth should be the same as before transplantation. After planting, fully irrigate with watering can. Flood irrigation is often used to plant large seedlings. After the first full irrigation, don't irrigate too much before the new roots grow, otherwise the roots will rot easily. In addition, the seedlings should be shaded for a few days after transplantation, so as to facilitate the seedlings to resume growth. 2. Direct seeding For one-or two-year-old herbaceous flowers that are not transplant-tolerant, seeds can be directly planted in flowerpots, flower beds or flower beds. The sowing method is the same as the above sowing method. However, attention should be paid to thinning seedlings after sowing. Interplanting flowers in the open field is generally carried out twice, and the last time is called "fixing seedlings". The first thinning is carried out when the seedlings come out together, the cotyledons are fully unfolded and real leaves begin to grow, and the second thinning is carried out when 3-4 real leaves appear. Be careful when thinning seedlings, so as not to affect the remaining seedlings, so as not to damage the root system of seedlings and affect their growth. Intercropping seedlings should be carried out after rain or irrigation, and pulled out by hand. It is necessary to water the seedlings once after thinning, so that the roots of the reserved seedlings can be in close contact with the soil. Interplanting is usually to remove weak seedlings with poor growth and slow growth. And pay attention to the seedling spacing. Intercropping is a labor-intensive operation procedure. It is necessary to do a good job in seed selection and sowing, determine the appropriate sowing amount, make the seedlings evenly distributed, and reduce the thinning operation.