What are the symptoms of hallux valgus?

1. Clinical manifestations are common in adults, and those with genetic factors can occur in young people. In old age, hallux valgus is often aggravated due to the weakening of adduction of the foot. There are more women than men.

The most common symptoms of hallux valgus are bunions and pain. The long axis of normal thumb forms an angle with the first 1 metatarsal long axis, and the morphological measurement is 15 ~ 25, which is called physiological hallux valgus angle. There is no fixed standard for the inclination of hallux valgus. Clinically, hallux valgus can only be diagnosed when the hallux valgus exceeds 25, the second toe is squeezed, and 1 metatarsal bone has pain of thumb cyst. Pain is the main symptom and the main basis of treatment. The pain mainly comes from the inside of 1 metatarsal, which is aggravated when walking, and some patients have callus pain on the metatarsal surface of the second and third metatarsals. It is worth noting that deformity is not directly proportional to pain. Some deformities are obvious, but they are painless. Moreover, the second and third toes and their calluses are also important signs.

2. Stages According to different clinical manifestations, X-ray changes and treatment schemes, hallux valgus can be divided into three stages.

(1) Early stage (pre-subluxation stage): mild hallux valgus deformity, mild bunion and mild pain. X-ray shows that the metatarsophalangeal joint is subluxated outwards without mallet toe, which can be corrected manually at this stage without surgical treatment.

(2) Mid-stage (subluxation stage): the toe is obviously hallux valgus deformity, and the thumb cyst has severe pain. X-ray film shows that the proximal toe is subluxated from the metatarsal head to the lateral side. Because the toe presses the second toe outward, the toe may have hammer toe deformity, which leads to metatarsal bone sinking and metatarsal bone callus. Although it can be moved and manipulated correctly at this stage, it cannot be consolidated. Female aged 30 ~ 50, the valgus angle of metatarsophalangeal joint is between15 ~ 25, metatarsal angle < 12, interphalangeal joint angle.

(3) Late stage (osteoarthritis stage): Besides the pain of bunion, the metatarsophalangeal joint is swollen and painful, and X-ray shows that the metatarsophalangeal joint has osteoarthritis, so the surgical treatment at this stage is suitable for the combined operation of bone and soft tissue.

Hallux valgus is larger than normal angle. On X-ray film, metatarsophalangeal joint subluxation, bursitis of metatarsal head 1. Metatarsal varus 1, mallet toe and callus are not necessary in every case. In the early stage, the big toe can be passively moved to the normal position, but in the later stage, it cannot be passively moved back to the normal position due to joint capsule and muscle contracture. When osteoarthritis of thumb and metatarsophalangeal joint is complicated, it is advanced.