Brief introduction of champion bridge in Wuwei Confucian temple

The pattern system of Wuwei Confucian Temple is unusual. As Mr. Ji Zhong questioned, it has a specific "formulation principle", that is, the rules and regulations of layout and construction. The layout of the Confucian Temple inherited the traditional four-in-one palace system in China. From south to north, it consists of Wan Ren Palace Wall (zhaobi), Chi Pan, Lingxingmen, Dachengmen, Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Temple and East and West halls. Some building names are unique to Confucius Temple. Wuwei Confucian Temple is a model of Confucian temples in China, and its building scale is "magnificent, the highest in Longyou Academy". It is said that this is the largest and best-preserved Confucius Temple in Northwest China, and it is one of the three largest Confucius Temples in China.

Wenchang Palace in the east is centered on Guiji Temple, with a mountain gate in front and a temple in the back, with wings on the left and right. After crossing the temple, Kuixing Pavilion echoes Guiji Hall from a distance. This is a place dedicated to "Wenchang Emperor", commonly known as "Wenquxing" among the people, and it is the god of Taoism. It is said that he is Lu Ji who is in charge of the world under the orders of the Jade Emperor. He asked Kuixing to name a person, and whoever he asked would prosper in literature and win the laurel in the middle of the month.

The main body of the Confucian Temple in the west is Dacheng Hall, which is the main hall of the Confucian Temple. It is built on a wide stone platform, resting on the top of a double-eaved mountain, with nine ridges on the top, all made of lotus-patterned bricks. Bridge beads are arranged on the front ridge. The roof is completely covered with glazed tiles. Under the eaves, double copy, double level and five shops. Stigmas and patches are luxuriously paved, and the lattice partition, waist plate and skirt are all simple carvings. Surrounded by cloisters and high platforms, it has a solemn, solemn and elegant charm. There used to be a turret on each side, with an iron bell hanging on the left and a leather drum hanging on the right, called the Bell and Drum Tower. When the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius was held, bells rang, drums were played, music was played, and songs and dances were performed here. The main hall is neutral, and The Great Sage Confucius Biography of the Throne is matched with Yan Zi, Zi En, Ceng Zi, Mencius and the Twelve Saints. In the main hall, there are still plaques inscribed by Kangxi and Qianlong, such as "model of all ages" and "participating with heaven and earth". The Yingmen in the temple was originally a portrait dedicated to the great sage Confucius, and beside it stood memorial tablets of Confucius' proud disciples Yan Hui, Zi Si, Ceng Zi and the famous "Asian sage" Mencius. In front of the main hall stood a statue of Confucius, with his hands crossed, holding a book, speaking kindly and inculcating, which made people feel very cordial.

At the southernmost end of this group of buildings is a tall and solemn shadow wall, called "Wan Ren Palace Wall", followed by Chi Pan, Zhuangyuan Bridge, and then Zunjing Pavilion, including Xingxingmen and Jiyen, surrounded by famous official temples and Xiangxian temples.

Everyone in Wuwei knows that the Confucian Temple has never opened the door because it has never won the first prize. It is said that the main entrance of the Confucian Temple is specially opened to welcome the champion-it is called the "Champion Gate"! This "Champion Gate" is a wall called "Wan Ren Palace Wall", which was closed after it was completed, and can only be opened by future generations who were admitted to the Champion (or unless the emperor visited it himself). In this way, the champion entered the champion gate, crossed the champion bridge, rang the bell and drum of Confucius Temple, and accepted the worship of local officials and villagers. However, what the ancients didn't expect was that in today's historical development, there is no emperor and no champion-even if someone here has the level of champion, he still can't be a champion. Since then, the "Wan Ren Palace Wall" can no longer be opened, and the Champion Gate and the Champion Bridge have become a kind of eternal regret, completely becoming cultural relics and antiques. Interestingly, all Confucius temples in the world have such defects and regrets, while some people with retro ideas try their best to make a fuss and realize this wish. Last summer, a Confucian temple in Harbin held a "Champion Bridge" to see off the champion in Heilongjiang Province. In the photo, the champion of the college entrance examination wore a champion's uniform and a champion's hat, and walked across the champion's bridge with a serious look, worshiping Confucius and thanking his parents and teachers for their teachings. Moreover, it is said that the curator of the Confucian Temple claimed that in the next step, they would also like to invite top scholars, model workers and technical experts from all walks of life to come to the Confucian Temple, taking the Confucian Temple as a place to inspire everyone to forge ahead together, so that people from all walks of life can make unremitting efforts and take the rise and fall of the Chinese nation as their responsibility. -It's really a good selling point.

The "Wan Ren Palace Wall" at the main entrance is very beautiful. It is said that its meaning comes from Zigong language in The Analects of Confucius. Wu Shu, the uncle of Dr. Lu, once said to the doctors, "Zi Gong is more knowledgeable than Confucius." After hearing this, Zi Gong said to his uncle Sun Wude, "People's knowledge is like a palace wall. My wall is not shoulder-high, so it is easy for others to see how many things are in it. My teacher's wall is several meters high, so others can't see what's inside. Only when you find the door and walk in can you see the magnificent building inside this wall. Too few people can find the door! " Hu Mao Zong, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, thought that several palace walls were still not enough to express his praise for Confucius, so he changed them to "Wan Ren Palace Wall". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu. In order to show his admiration for Confucius, he changed the stone forehead written by Hu Maozong and wrote the same four words in his own hand. Since then, Confucius temples all over the country have followed suit and become the custom of building Confucius temples, that is, "establishing rules." In ancient times, seven or eight feet was a mowing. Zi Gong compared Confucius' Tao to "the number of mowing grass on the palace wall" and later added it as "Wan Ren", which was a metaphor for the unfathomability of Confucius' moral knowledge. The existing Confucius temples all over the country have zhaobi, engraved with the words "Wan Ren Palace Wall". It is said that according to the old rules, only those who win the first prize have to go through the main entrance, cross the Panqiao Bridge, cross the middle door, climb the Dacheng Hall and worship the sages. The top scholar was the elite of Confucianism in the imperial examination era, and was considered as a person who could see clearly the way of the master, so he could enter the room from the main entrance, and others could only take the side door. -There were small doors on both sides of the "Wan Ren Palace Wall" in Wuwei Confucian Temple. The one facing east was called "Lu Yi" and the one facing west was called "Ritual Gate", which was later closed.

To the north of the "Wan Ren Palace Wall" is a half-moon Chi Pan. "There is a pool in the Confucius Temple in the world". According to the ancient system, the study of the son of heaven must be surrounded by round flowing water, which is called a green surge; There must be a semicircle of flowing water in Wang Xuezhong, which is called Chi Pan or Banbichi. The school was called "Pangong" in ancient times and "People's Pangong" in Qing Dynasty. The school also has another name "Pangong". Chi Pan got its name from this. It is said that in Chi Pan, only scholars can enter the Confucius Temple to worship and wash pens.

There is a stone arch bridge on the pool, named "Panqiao" or "Champion Bridge", which symbolizes the auspiciousness of culture. The "Champion Bridge" in the Confucian Temple in Wuwei was recorded as a wooden bridge in the old days, and now it is a stone arch bridge. In the old society, all school children had to cross Panqiao to enter the school, which became a fixed etiquette.

Dachengmen is the second gate of Confucius Temple after Chi Pan, and the word "Dacheng" is taken from "Confucius is called a master" in Mencius. In other words, Mencius believes that Confucius' contribution has surpassed the ancient sages and reached the highest level of integrating ancient sages and sages.

Lingxingmen is the second gate of Confucius Temple. For the Ming Dynasty wooden archway, four pillars and three rooms, cornices and corners, carved beams and painted buildings. Legend has it that "Xing Xing" is the god in charge of culture and education in heaven. Through Xingxingmen, you can get the blessing of the gods.

Through Lingxingmen is Jimen. The so-called halberd gate, all civil and military officials must lay down their weapons here. On both sides of Jiyumen are ancestral temples of rural sages and famous officials, which are places to support social sages and honest officials. The halberd gate is not opened at ordinary times, unless it is a ceremony to offer sacrifices to Confucius, big officials, juren and Jinshi. People usually go in and out through the small doors on the left and right. Inside the halberd gate is a courtyard with towering cypresses, ancient trees and green grass on both sides. Across the courtyard, there is a two-story stone fence platform in the middle, and the front of the platform is the main hall of the Confucian Temple.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Dacheng Hall is Confucius' home temple, which enshrines the memorial tablets of Confucius' parents. This is a two-story building with civil structure, resting on the top of the mountain, with double eaves, and located on a 2-meter-high brick abutment. It is the largest ancient heavy building in Wuwei. There are cloisters and wooden fences around the pavilion. There are wind chimes hanging on the three upturned corners at the top, the wind is Xu Lai, and the bells are jingling, which adds a little vitality to the silent temple.