About the lesson "Spring Festival in Beijing"

The Spring Festival is the most grand and lively ancient traditional festival in China. Different regions and different nationalities have their own unique customs and habits when celebrating the Spring Festival. The author of this paper, Mr. Lao She, a famous language master, used his elegant style and Beijing-style language to describe the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, showing the warmth and beauty of China's holiday customs, and expressing his recognition and love for traditional culture.

The article takes time as the longitude and people's activities as the latitude. The author first introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month: people cook laba porridge, soak laba garlic, buy new year's goods, spend the New Year … and make full preparations for the Spring Festival. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, firecrackers go on day and night, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the New Year; On the first day, men go out to pay New Year greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. Watch lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, write the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th of the first month.

The article lists a large number of customs of celebrating the Spring Festival in old Beijing, which are full of interest and are loved by students. The content of the full text is arranged in an orderly way, the context is clear, the connection is close, the details are appropriate, and the nature is promoted. The language expression is simple, vivid and intriguing, and people's feelings of celebrating the Spring Festival are everywhere between the lines, reflecting the desire of old Beijingers to love life and pursue a better life.

The main purpose of this article is to feel the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in old Beijing, arouse the desire to understand folk customs and arouse the interest in exploring traditional culture; The second is to learn the expression methods in a certain order, and to feel the author's language characteristics.

The teaching focus of this lesson is to lead students to feel the grand and lively Spring Festival in old Beijing and understand the rich connotation of folk culture with the author's description.

The teaching difficulty of this course is the expression method adopted by the author to highlight the folk characteristics of the Spring Festival in Beijing.

2. Word analysis.

(1) understanding of sentences.

① This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition.

"agricultural exhibition" means that there are many varieties of rice, beans and dried fruits in Laba porridge, so many of them seem to get together for an exhibition. The author uses the expression of "analogy" to vividly write out the folk characteristic of boiling Laba porridge in the Spring Festival in old Beijing.

(2) On New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night without interruption, and firecrackers go on day and night. People who work outside will come home for a reunion dinner unless they have to. This night, except for very young children, no one sleeps, and everyone has to stay up.

From the first sentence, we can fully feel that "New Year's Eve is really lively". Through the words "as a last resort" and "as a last resort", we can experience how much people attach importance to "having a family reunion dinner" on New Year's Eve, which is full of deep affection and infiltrated with traditional virtues. According to the custom of old Beijing, you can't sleep on New Year's Eve, but you should have a good night. This is called "Shounian". "Guarding the old age" has two meanings: older people keep the old age on New Year's Eve, which means cherishing time; Young people keep their old age to prolong their parents' life. Reading these sentences, we can not only understand the custom of Spring Festival in Beijing, but also deeply understand the rich connotation of traditional folk culture.

(3) Lantern Festival is listed, and another climax of the Spring Festival has arrived.

The Lantern Festival here is like the "sweet dumplings" in the south. "New Year's Eve is really lively", which is the first climax of the Spring Festival; On the first day of the lunar new year, visiting temple fairs, although "the scene is completely different from New Year's Eve", is equally lively, which is the second climax of the Spring Festival; On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao is sold in the market and eaten by every household, which is the third climax of the Spring Festival. The word "you" shows the author's ingenuity in structuring the article and coordinating the content.

④ In a blink of an eye, we arrived at the Temple of the Remnant Lights, and the Spring Festival ended on the 19th day of the first month.

this sentence plays a connecting role in the text. Residual lamp: lanterns gradually become less and go out; Last Temple: The last day of the temple fair. From the first day of the first month, people began to visit temple fairs. On the fifth day of the first month, lanterns were decorated everywhere. On the 19th day of the first month, the lanterns gradually disappeared and went out. On the last day of the temple fair, the grand and lively Spring Festival ended. Nineteen days of "beautiful and happy days" actually passed in a blink of an eye, and the author's reluctant mood is vividly in the sentence. This sentence also echoes the first sentence of the text, "According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month", which makes the article complete and integrated.

(2) understanding of words.

Spring Festival: The first day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival in China, and it also refers to the days after the first day of the first lunar month. Commonly known as "Chinese New Year".

twelfth lunar month: the twelfth lunar month.

laba porridge: laba is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On the day of Laba, porridge is cooked with grains such as rice and beans and dried fruits such as dates, chestnuts and lotus seeds.

diabolo: a hollow traditional fitness toy made of bamboo and wood, which can make a noise.

first ten days: the first ten days of each month, also called "the first ten days".

off-year: a festival in the lunar calendar. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom worships stoves on this day.

new year's eve: the night of the last day of the lunar year, which also refers to the last day of the year.

temple fair: a market located in or near a temple, which is held on festivals or specified days.

proficiency: proficiency.

yuanxiao: the night of the 15th day of the first lunar month. Because this day is called Shangyuan Festival, it is called Yuanxiao at night. The text refers to the Lantern Festival (also known as Lantern Festival) as a seasonal food, and in the south it is called "glutinous rice balls".

in stark contrast: in a very clear and categorical way. Describe two things that have nothing in common. This lesson refers to the sharp contrast between the "noisy" on New Year's Eve and the "quiet" on the first day of the first month.

Vientiane update: Vientiane: everything in the universe. More: change. Everything or the scene becomes brand-new.

second, teaching objectives

1. I can write 14 new words, and correctly read and write the words "Emerald, Vientiane Renewal, Lights All Night, Day and Night, Distinctive, as a last resort, Decorate with Lights, Sound and Light, Various Colors" and so on.

2. Read the text with emotion, understand the customs of Spring Festival in old Beijing, feel the lively atmosphere of the festival, and understand the national civilization and traditional culture in the festival customs.

3. try to figure out the expression order of the article and realize the benefits of detailed writing and abbreviated writing.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, students can be required to consult relevant books or search for information on the Internet, and collect articles, poems, nursery rhymes, Spring Festival couplets, etc. describing the Spring Festival by ancient and modern literati; When students study this unit, just after the Spring Festival, they can also talk about how they spent the Spring Festival from the reality of their lives.

2. Grasp the content as a whole and clear up the writing ideas. This article covers a long time span and contains many contents, from the beginning of the twelfth lunar month to the nineteenth of the first month, and lists a series of customs of celebrating the Spring Festival in old Beijing. Therefore, it is the key to learn this lesson well to clarify the thinking of writing. The contents of the article are arranged in chronological order, which can be divided into five time periods: ① 1-6 natural period (the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month); 27 natural section (New Year's Eve); 38-1 natural section (the first day of the first month); ④ 11-12 natural section (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month); ⑤13 Natural section (end of the 19th day of the first month). Each part begins with a word indicating time, which constitutes the total sentence and the central sentence of each paragraph, followed by examples around the central sentence. In the teaching process, after reading the text for the first time, let the students talk about the overall impression left by the Spring Festival in Beijing, and then guide the students to realize the natural and smooth structure and clear context.

after reading the text for the first time, you can fill in the following form:

time

customs

3. Experience the detailed and appropriate expression effect. The text begins with the beginning of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and briefly introduces what people have done to prepare for the Spring Festival. Some folk customs are only mentioned in one sentence. For example, "it must be cleaned once" and "most shops are closed in Wutian Gate and will not open until the sixth day of the first month". Followed by a detailed description of the New Year's Eve, the first day, Lantern Festival three climax. Finally, briefly explain the end of the Spring Festival. The advantages of this writing are point-to-face combination, prominent focus, clear priorities and impressive. In teaching, students should be given enough time to study since the enlightenment by themselves, and teachers should give timely instructions to achieve this teaching goal.

4. Read the sentences, imagine the picture and understand the expression. Mr. Lao She once said, "No matter what I write, I always hope to trust the vernacular; Even if I explain a deeper truth, I don't use terms and nouns one after another. I still maintain my vulgarity and whiteness. Mr. Lao She's language style is simple and natural, fluent and accessible, simple and vulgar, elegant and vulgar, and intriguing. This language style can be seen everywhere in the text, for example, "This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition" and "The 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is almost a rehearsal for the Spring Festival". In the teaching process, it is not necessary to cover everything, so as to guide students to grasp the part where they feel the deepest about the text and concentrate on reading it, so as to cultivate a sense of language.

This paper has more scene descriptions and a strong sense of pictures. It is necessary to guide students to read aloud with feelings, imagine pictures and understand the expression methods. Let the students contact with the real life, truly feel the different folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and lead the students to understand the connotation of the folk customs displayed in this lesson-the affection, nostalgia, wishes and expectations represented by the Spring Festival, and the psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation reflected from it. For example, "these competitions are not about who is the first and who is the second, but about performing the beautiful posture and skillful skills of horses, camels and riders in front of the audience." This picture can reflect the national psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of simplicity and kindness, advocating labor, loving life and pursuing beauty.

Comprehension of expression methods is mainly to guide students to learn detailed and sketchy expression methods in a certain order, and focus on guiding students to understand the characteristics of the author's language expression. For example, "La Qi La Ba, freezing to death in Western jackdaw", citing the saying that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the coldest time of the year; Another example is, "By the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar has some spicy taste, which makes people want to eat more jiaozi." Combine narrative and description to praise Laba garlic; Another example is, "porridge is made of all kinds of rice, all kinds of beans and all kinds of dried fruits." This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition. " It is natural to use parallelism and metaphor to compare porridge to a "small agricultural exhibition", which shows that porridge is rich in materials and expresses pride and expectation for a bumper harvest.

5. New words can focus on guiding error-prone words. For example, don't miss a horizontal line on the left side of "vinegar", and the lower left side of "sedan chair" is not a horizontal line. Under chestnut is wood instead of rice.

6. In addition to practicing fast silent reading, the first question after class is intended to grasp the content of the text as a whole, fully understand the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and grasp the most impressive scenes or details to talk about feelings. In communication, students can be guided to contact the local customs of celebrating the Spring Festival and compare their feelings. This topic should be completed by the interaction between teachers, students and students in the teaching process.

The second question after class aims to implement the key goal of this year's paragraph-"Try to figure out the expression order of articles" and "Understand the detailed and appropriate expression methods of articles". This topic should be carried out after grasping the content of the full text, find out the detailed description part, read aloud with emotion, combine reading and discussion, promote each other, and truly realize the benefits of being detailed and appropriate.

The exercise intention of the third question after class is to further understand the customs and habits of different regions and nationalities in connection with life experience, and feel the folk culture and national spirit contained in traditional festivals, thus stimulating the interest in exploring traditional culture.

7. After-class "reading links" can be completed in class or after class. The first purpose is to expand the information of holiday customs; The second is to train browsing, improve browsing speed and cultivate the ability to capture useful information; The third is to compare with the relevant parts of the text and learn different writing methods. For example, in Chinese New Year, "I didn't particularly like Chinese New Year when I was a child", "I cleaned leftovers every day" and "I was so sleepy that I didn't have the appetite to eat", which wrote another feeling different from the text. Another example is "New Year's Eve", which introduces the New Year's custom in southern Fujian, so that students can compare it with the New Year's Eve in the text and see what the differences are.

Fourth, teaching cases

In the first lesson

First, understand the unit content and introduce new lessons

1. Understand the unit introduction. Starting today, we are going to study the second group of texts. Please read the unit introduction and see what this group of texts has arranged.

(1) This group of texts is mainly about folk customs in different regions.

(2) We can carry out investigation activities in combination with the study of the text to understand the folk customs of festivals, costumes, food, houses and other aspects.

2. Understand the arrangement of the text. Let's look at the title of the text again and see what content is arranged in this group of textbooks around "folk customs"

3. Students recalled the Spring Festival.

Let students remember first: How did we spend the Spring Festival? To guide students to feel that the Spring Festival is a festive festival and a reunion festival! Thereby arousing students' interest in learning.

Second, read the text for the first time, feel and answer questions as a whole

Please read the Spring Festival in Beijing freely, mark the natural paragraphs and think about it: What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole? If you don't understand anything, bring it up later.

1. overall perception. What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole?

2. communicate what you understand and what you don't understand.

(1) What have you read in the learning process? Such as

twelfth lunar month: December of the lunar calendar. The last day of the twelfth lunar month is what we call New Year's Eve. The second day of New Year's Eve is the first day of the first month, which is what we call Chinese New Year.

first ten days: a month is divided into upper, middle and lower thirty days, and a tenth day is ten days. The first ten days of a month is the first ten days.

(2) If you still don't understand anything, bring it up and let's solve it together. For example,

Diabolo: You can watch videos or pictures to learn that Diabolo has different types, plays a lot of games, and can whistle, which is very fun.

Overpass: It's not the footbridge we usually talk about. Tianqiao is a very lively place in old Beijing. There were rivers and bridges at that time, so it was called Tianqiao. Tianqiao is a very big market. There are many folk artists performing arts, many Beijing snacks, many storytellers, and all kinds of things can be bought and sold.

Temple of the Remnant Lights: Combined with the notes and the content of the text, we can know that it refers to the end of the Spring Festival.

3. Read silently and fill in the form to know the time and customs of the Spring Festival

1. Know how long the Spring Festival is in Beijing.

When does the Spring Festival in Beijing begin and end? At the beginning of the first paragraph, the text says, "According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month", and at the end of the paragraph, it says, "The Spring Festival ends on the nineteenth day of the first month". It can be seen that the Spring Festival in Beijing is particularly long, with more than a month. )

2. Read the text silently and fill in the form cooperatively.

during this one-month period, what days did Mr. Lao She write? Please read the text silently, draw the time written by Mr. Lao She and fill it in the left side of the form; Look at the specific customs and habits during these times and fill them in on the right side of the form. When filling out the form, you can cooperate at the same table and report to you later.

time [] customs

3. report and exchange, and understand the writing order and the customs of the Spring Festival.

(1) Please check the forms filled out by yourself while listening, and mark the differences.