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-[repost] The best historical prose I have ever read-Tan Boniu: The Story of Qi Xiang (/newbbs/dispbbs.asp? board id = 1 & amp； id=47 13 18)

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-By Katie Kate

-Release date: September 2003-18 0: 16: 42.

-[repost] The best historical prose I have ever read-Tan Boniu: The Story of Qi Xiang

Auspicious events [1]

After Xianfeng, the title was Tongzhi, and now it is * * *. However, from Xianfeng to Tongzhi, the year number called "Qixiang" was also used [2], and few people may know it. In this article, I will tell the story of Qi Xiang.

In the imperial family, it is always a great event to establish a prince. Every time Amar died and his brother ascended the throne, people became more worried and full of opportunities. The imperial edict of Yongzheng's succession, the pen and ink lawsuits of "to the four emperors" and "to the fourteen emperors", have long been well-known and regarded as the most famous succession story in the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Xianfeng inherited Dabao, but there were also some "strange stories from a strange studio", the protagonist of which was Gong.

Xianfeng Emperor Yi is the fourth son of Daoguang, and Yi Xin ranks sixth. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, Daoguang abided by the law of establishing a family, made Yiyi a prince, wrote his name on yellow silk and hid it secretly. However, Yixin became more and more attractive, and Daoguang regretted that he shouldn't have established a prince. "It's a few." When he was dying, he suddenly ordered the eunuch to pass six elder brothers into the palace. I happened to go to the bedroom door to pay my respects. I was "scared by my life" and rushed to the bed to see what was going on. Daoguang's righteous letter didn't come, but it came. I was disappointed and sighed slightly. Although he gradually fell into a coma, he continued to summon six elder brothers into the palace. Yi Xin had swallowed his breath when he arrived, and no one listened to what he wanted to say. This "anecdote" is quite similar to "joke", because it is recorded in the official history that before Daoguang died, ten people, including Zaiquan, Zai Yuan, Duan Hua and Sangeqin, were called to open the safe, and there was a handwritten imperial edict written four years ago: "The fourth son of the Emperor was made the Crown Prince" [3]. Open government affairs, no private transactions.

Another "strange news" is much more reasonable. According to legend, the first prince of Emperor Guangdi wrote his name on the tomb in accordance with the law of building houses and storing houses. However, some internal executives saw the word "the last one is very long" and suspected that it was the word "letter", so they "heard a little about it outside". Daoguang heard this rumor and thought Yixin was secretly trying to find out the divine will and spread it around. Obviously, it is not mature enough to undertake major responsibilities. Therefore, "knowledge and evil" is to replace Yixin as a prince. The logic of this story is smoother and more in line with historical facts.

No hole can attract the wind. The protagonists in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are all six elder brothers, and their fate is based on the relationship between Emperor Xianfeng and Prince Gong, who are hot first and then cold. Xianfeng's mother died early, and Gong Wang's mother Kang Cigui was entrusted by her mother. Kangci regards her as her own and takes care of her. Therefore, Xianfeng and King Gong were very close since childhood, more like brothers born of one mother. Xianfeng acceded to the throne, and soon let Gong Wang enter the military plane, adhering to the old saying that brothers are United and their profits are cut off, in order to cope with the increasingly chaotic military affairs. In the summer of Xianfeng five years, Kang Cigui, who was canonized as a imperial concubine, was seriously ill. Xianfeng and Wang Gong often ask questions. One day, when Xianfeng went to pay his respects, Taifei slept in a daze and thought it was her son Wang Gong, so she said, "Why are you here again? I gave you everything I could. He is unpredictable and suspicious. " Xianfeng found that she had said something wrong and immediately shouted "E Niang". Toffee looked intently and saw that it was the emperor, not the king Gong, so she turned to pack to sleep and stopped talking. Since then, Xianfeng had to figure out the meaning of these words and began to doubt Gong. Another day, Xianfeng said hello, just as Gong Wang came out from the inside. Xianfeng asked about his illness. King Gong cried and knelt down and said, even if there is no cure, just wait for the title of Empress Dowager. Xianfeng deadpan, just oh, two times, didn't say. Unexpectedly, Gong Wang went to the military to falsely preach the imperial edict and ordered the ministers to prepare for the conferring ceremony. When the contractor came to see the emperor with the seal map, Xianfeng was very angry, but he explicitly refused and reluctantly agreed to the title, and the noble princess was the Queen of Kangci. On July 9, Queen Kangci passed away. A week later, the imperial edict Gong Wang dismissed the military plane and went back to school. The funeral ceremony of Empress Dowager Cixi has also been greatly reduced, and it is said that it was carried out in accordance with the testamentary edict. The close relationship between Xianfeng and Wang Gong ends here.

After honoring the king, the military salute first promoted Bai Heng. However, in the eighth year of Xianfeng, he was killed by political rookie Su Shun in a very clever way. Su Shun, however, was the most arrogant of the eight ministers who entrusted orphans after Xianfeng's death. He directly confronted Cixi and Wang Gong and became the first hero of the "Auspicious Story". Su Shun, the word Yuting, is the sixth son of Zheng Qinwang. His behavior is a bit like Xiao Shenyang, the powerful minister of Qianlong Dynasty, who is learned but not learned. However, in terms of employment and administration, keen eyes and accurate observation are much stronger than adults. The administrative ability is mainly embodied in "developing prisons", and the vision of employing people lies in "being close to the people and being lenient".

During the Qing Dynasty, cheating in imperial examinations was very common. If examiners participate (so-called "communication"), it will often lead to "prison", with countless casualties from top to bottom. Shunkang is the beginning of the world. In order to warn and tame the Han scholars, the punishment was particularly severe (probably the same as the intellectual policy after liberation). Xianfeng's eight-year imperial examination case set a record of the highest level of officials punished. This year, Bai Heng, a college student of Wenyuange and a foreman of the military department, served as the examiner of Shuntian Province. Candidate Luo found Bai Heng's family Jin Xiang through his relationship. Bai Heng is old, and all chores are entrusted to Jin Xiang. Bai Heng read the newspaper and named Luo Juan as the deputy list; Admission is called the main list, and you are eligible to take the exam. Deputy list in imperial academy, shall not take the exam. Jin Xiang took a roll from the master list and exchanged it with Luo Juan. After the exam, you have to grind the paper, that is, review. Luo Juanguang has more than 300 typos. When Mo Guan saw it, he was startled, but he was too scared to publicly refute it. He just told Meng Chuanjin privately. The censor's duty is to supervise, so he played on it. Xianfeng sent eunuchs to the Ministry of Rites to obtain Luo Juan. He flew into a rage when he saw a paper full of typos. He ordered Luo Hongzuo to try again in the south study, with Duan Hua and Su Shun as invigilators. The title of the retry is "I am unhappy" and the poem is "I dare not speak in front of parrots", which clearly indicates that I want to see Luo's jokes. Such as back and forth, Mr. Luo handed in a paper of Defects and Errors [4], so the case was characterized as "Lianguan" and handed over to the Ministry of Punishment for "poor treatment". Jin Xiang was so scared that he quickly committed suicide, hoping to keep his old club. However, Su Shun, who tried the case with the Ministry of Justice, did not tolerate this. In addition to this case, he also corrected more than 50 "problem papers" such as Hua Dan Ping Ling's gun changing case and Cheng Tinggui's son's joint case. Since Baiheng, dozens of people have been sent to exile in the city, and the first-instance judgment was decided by the emperor. Xianfeng missed his old age and forgave Bai Heng. Su Shun fought hard according to the law and persisted in doing so. The next year, Prime Minister Bai, classmates Luo and Cheng Gongzi were all beheaded in the food market. Those who oppose Su Shun's handling of this case think that it is "harsh" and suspected of "long-term discord". However, we have to admit that, since then, the effect of "Sweeping the Examination Room in a Fearless Way" has lasted for 30 years. In the middle period of Guangxu, even if the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, it was not as good as before, and heavy punishment was used.

In the imperial examination hall, Su Shun raised his sword to bully, and the minister turned pale when he talked about it. In addition, he reorganized the official department effectively and became the first person under the emperor. In terms of employing people, his eyes are also eclectic. Appreciating Zeng Guofan and secretly helping Zuo et al. [6] are his most famous deeds, but he has never been to Hunan in his life and has never heard of his personal relationship with Zeng and Zuo. How can he have such a deep relationship with Hunan people? This has to talk about "five gentlemen against the door." As a Manchu, Su Shun dislikes his relatives the least, treating Manchu subordinates like slaves, while he is polite to Han officials. He once said, "How much do we know about standard-bearers? Are they so many assholes? Han people should not be offended, his pen is very powerful. " So bribery is only accepted by Manchu people, but not by Han people. I met a very talented Han Chinese, who was respected by ministers and was quite able to be a scholar. Therefore, the shogunate has a wide range of talents, among which Gao Xin Kui, Long Rulin, and Huang are the most famous, and they are known as the "Five Gentlemen of Sumen" [7]. Long Rulin is his son, Gao Xinkui is his mastermind, in charge of the household department, and Huang is a senior guest, only gossiping and not doing practical things. Wang Kaiyun and others often hold banquets in Fayuan Temple, and Su Shun often sends people to send wine and fruit to entertain them. More than 30 years later, Wang also wrote poems in memory of "Russian wine" [8]. Among these five people, Su Shun appreciates Gao Xin the most. The aftershock of Xianfeng's eight-year imperial examination case has not gone, and the trial will be held in ten years, so he will act rashly and proudly "help boxing", ignoring Bai Heng's tragic situation before. The year before last, Gao Xinkui participated in palace examination, but his poems were limited to the rhyme of "Wen" and strayed into the rhyme of "Yuan", so he did not enter the top three. This year, Cohen took the exam, entered Dimethyl with great enthusiasm, and took the court exam again. Su Shun has many magical powers. On the day before the exam, he dug out a poem named "Bull Gate with Screen Door", which was written by Sun Ti in the Tang Dynasty. Call Gao Xinkui immediately and let him go there overnight. Tomorrow, he must get a champion. On the second day of admission, it was this topic. There were more than 300 people on the scene, and almost no one knew the origin of this topic. I was overjoyed and pretended not to be the second person. Write quickly, and when you come out, you will find that Su Shun has come to announce the good news. Su Shun took the manuscript, stamped his chest and shouted, "Go to hell! It's over. " It turns out that all eight rhyming words except the word "door" are put into the rhyme of "eleven truths", and the word "door" belongs to "thirteen yuan" in rhyme. No matter how good the exam is, it will be eliminated. Under the list, Gao Xin ranked fourth and failed to become the number one scholar. At the same time, Wang Kaiyun, who lost the election, gloated and gave him a neat couplet: "Double fourth-class life, damn thirteen yuan". No matter how accurate Su Shangshu is, he can't help but hold people to the point of such negligence. Apart from a relatively wry smile, he can only sigh that he is not destined to be rich.

Of the five people, Gao is from Jiangxi, and the other four are from Hunan. They have very real contacts and understanding with Zeng Guofan, Hu Linyi and Zuo. Through their introduction, I learned the ambitions of Zeng, Hu and others, and naturally recommended them in front of Xianfeng. Xianfeng has long recognized Su Shun's ability to handle affairs, and these words are naturally kept in mind. Therefore, Hu Linyi surpassed the Governor of Hubei Province, Zeng Guofan was repeatedly treated leniently, and the left was promoted from a juren to a four-product Jingtang, mostly because the rice soup was well irrigated. However, Su Shun later overthrew him, and the five gentlemen fled hastily, fearing that they would be punished for "eliminating the party", and fame and fortune were all in vain; Xiang army flourished, so Zeng, Zuo and other generals dared not award him the meritorious service of the newspaper. I'm afraid the five gentlemen can't laugh when they recall their noble jokes. This is another story, let alone for the time being.

Xianfeng, a 30-year-old man, fell halfway, and was excessively dissolute with the man named "May Spring" in Yuanmingyuan. Of course, it is indirect, and so is the arrogance of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The more direct reason is that I was scared by the British and French Coalition forces. In May of the ninth year of Xianfeng, British and French envoys came to exchange peace treaties. Monk Qin "seduced" Dagu and obtained [10]. In July next year, when the allied forces return, Monk Qin will guard the waterway, claiming that "the foreigners will be led to land on the sea and will be destroyed in one drum." Unexpectedly, when the allied forces landed, when the fireworks rang, the Qing army trampled on each other and "fled." The multinational force sent Pakistan to negotiate, but was lured to Beijing. The allies came to change the contract and had no intention of attacking the capital, so they had to send it out. Unable to resist, the monk Qin advised Xianfeng to leave Beijing, saying that "invincible, only early avoidance"; So I appointed a heart as an imperial envoy and stayed in Beijing to deal with the "Fu Bureau".

On August 8th, Xianfeng and his party set out from Yuanmingyuan and arrived in chengde mountain resort on 16. Most of Xianfeng's office and life are spent in Yuanmingyuan. He enters the park at the beginning of the first month of each year, and returns to the Forbidden City to spend the New Year in the winter solstice. Xianfeng prefers gardens to the Forbidden City, which is closely related to a certain system in the palace. There is an institution in the palace called Jing Shi, whose most important duty is to manage sexual intercourse, the so-called "person who is specially responsible for the emperor's sexual intercourse". The sexual intercourse between the emperor, his queen and his concubine was managed and recorded by eunuchs in the respect room. Every time the emperor and the queen have sex, the eunuch in the worship room should write down the year, month and date for verification when they are pregnant in the future. Having sex with concubines is a little more complicated. Every day after dinner, the eunuch presented a large silver plate with dozens of green signs on it, each with the name of a concubine written on it. On this day, if the emperor has no sexual desire, he says "go"; If it's interesting, take out a piece and put it upside down on the plate. Give the card to the eunuch, and give it to another eunuch-the eunuch who is responsible for carrying the concubine into the bedroom and sending it to the emperor's bed. At that time, when the emperor wanted to sleep, he went to bed first, with the quilt covering his ankles and his feet exposed. The eunuch has stripped him naked in the concubine's room, wrapped him in a strong wind, carried him back to the dragon bed, and then pulled off his cloak. The princess got into the quilt from the exposed "dragon claws" and then "made friends with the emperor". Of course, the eunuch has left the room and waited for this matter under the window with the manager of the worship room. In order to prevent the emperor from dying of a stroke immediately, the general manager had to sing "It's time" outside. If the emperor is in high spirits and pretends to be deaf and dumb, he will shout again. If so, the emperor could not delay any longer, so he had to "stop the ceremony" and order the eunuch to enter the room. After the eunuch went in, the concubine had to face the emperor and climb out of the quilt backwards. The monarch and ministers appear before the court, and the courtiers step down. You can't turn your back and point the finger at the emperor. They must face the emperor and then retreat. This is called "yes". "Male and female servants" can't even turn their backs on the emperor naked, so they can only "climb" out of bed. The eunuch wrapped her in a cloak again and carried her back to the door. Then the manager came in and asked, "Do you want to stay?" When the emperor said to stay, he took out a small notebook and wrote down that the emperor brought luck to a princess on a certain day; If you don't stay, the manager will come out, find out the acupuncture point somewhere between the waist and thigh of Yuji, and gently rub it. "Then the dragon essence will flow out" and implement artificial contraception. If contraception is unsuccessful, it is estimated that there will be an abortion; Because there is no record of sexual intercourse in the book, it is useless to do it. The intellectual property rights of this system were not owned by the Qing emperor, but by Shunzhi, which was learned from the Ming Dynasty and used to "control the trip of future generations to Henan". The energetic emperor is definitely not satisfied with this "patriarchal clan system", but the patriarchal clan system cannot be changed casually, so in palaces such as Yuanmingyuan, which do not have to follow this system, they often choose to evade it. [1 1] Therefore, we must have a "sympathetic understanding" of Emperor Xianfeng's work, life and study in Yuanmingyuan most of the time, and we can't just accuse him of debauchery and shameless.

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-By Katie Kate

-Date of issue: September 2003-18 0: 29: 55

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Xianfeng stayed in the park except for the large-scale courtesy activities that he personally presided over. Bandits are increasing day by day, and the reconstruction and expansion project of Yuanmingyuan has not stopped; Although there was a decree to stop all Chinese and foreign projects in the first year, Yuanmingyuan did not implement it. So Lian Shengwen can't stand it. He has to say, "The place he visited is brand new." Wang secretly discussed it, and he was tired. "Garden is perfect, of course, should be used to enjoy. Xianfeng's favorite thing is driving a boat and relaxing on the lake. Garden rules: when the maid-in-waiting on the shore sees the royal ship approaching, she must "call in a man's voice:' An Le Du'"; As long as Xianfeng is in the garden, I often hear the sound of "happiness crossing", one after another. Zai Chun, the son of the future Tongzhi emperor Cixi, was still in infancy, and I remember this sentence most clearly; A few years later, after taking refuge in Jehol, he will learn to say this to his Amar. Xianfeng caressed his head and said, "There is nothing to say today"; When he finished, he burst into tears. In Yuanmingyuan, Xianfeng left the best memory of being an emperor. When British and French troops entered Beijing, they were razed to the ground. How can he enjoy life without tears?

However, whether Yuanmingyuan was burned down by the British and French Coalition forces is still controversial. Or did the cloud coalition go to Yuanmingyuan just to catch the thief and capture the king and find out the master Xianfeng? Wen Feng, the minister in charge of the garden, stopped the army in front of the garden, saying that the park was temporarily closed, so the allied forces didn't go in at that time. Wenfeng's "Knowing a traitor must follow the room" was staged once in an empty garden, but not twice. The looting in the park is bound to happen, and he can never stop it, so he committed suicide and jumped into Fuhai. In Wang Kaiyun's "Yuanmingyuan Ci", the sentence was dismissed by Qian Zhongshu's teacher Chen Yan as "painting oil on the body". "Who believes that there is a god in China today?" It's a feeling specially expressed for Wenfeng. Wen's active martyrdom can be called "fierce" or "loyalty". Why did Wang Kaiyun use the word "injustice"? It turned out that although the capital fell, King Gong quickly negotiated with the allies and reached a peace agreement. So ministers are too late to die, or not ready to die. There is only one Wenfeng who really "humiliated me". The peace talks were signed soon, and both the monarch and the ministers denied the fact that the capital had fallen. And Wen Feng's death cannot be publicly praised as "martyrdom". Otherwise, Xianfeng will have to perish and other ministers will have to live. "The dead can't be loyal, but the living can be innocent." Therefore, the story of Wenfeng was reported, but the pension letter was vague, saying that "I was deeply embarrassed to meet a soldier suddenly"; Therefore, Wang Kaiyun wants to say that "the resentment of the sea is like the sea" and does not believe that "there are gods in China" [12].

After Wenfeng's death, the allies searched the park, and the victim Xianfeng had left, leaving no one in the park. When the Allied Forces saw the "exquisite furnishings" in the palace, they all "refused to enter" for fear of damage and loss, and were unable to compensate afterwards, so they retreated outside the garden [13]. And "the noble and the poor lead the people to rape", which is set on fire in the name of the allied forces, and then "the enemy soldiers followed and burned for three days and three nights." The so-called "noble poor" refers to Beijingers who take the lead. But if there are other rumors, they will name names and fill in the "traitor" who presided over the planning of burning, killing and looting in the park. * * * Two people are listed as candidates. Pick a slightly famous one first. Gong orange, alias Xiao Gong, Brush thorn, Tai, Chang Mi, etc. He is not well-known, but his father is well-known, that is, Gong Zizhen. His poems and essays have been selected into Chinese textbooks, and he himself has been regarded as literary material and entered "Evil Sea Flower" [14]. He was suspected as a traitor for three reasons. First, since the number "Ban Lun", it is said that the relationship between the monarch and his subjects, father and son, husband and wife, brother Kun and friends is gone, only his concubine is left, so he is called "Ban Lun". This is the so-called "correcting sinners". Second, he has a very good relationship with the British special envoy Wade. He is a teacher and senior guest of Webster's Hanshu and a "traitor". Third, he once threatened: "It is better to give it to westerners than to Manchu in China." . From these three articles, the literati class at that time determined that he was the mastermind of burning Yuanmingyuan; He didn't take the initiative to clarify either, so the suspect of this "traitor" is Mr. Ban Lun [15]. The second "traitor" suspect, who has no fame, only knows his surname Li, and his native place resume has not been verified. It is said that when the devil enters the village, Li is the guide. Later, when this incident was exposed, he was arrested as a general. He was "punished for poor governance" and all his family members gave it to Wen Feng's family [16]. Fuhai's grievances were melted by a little snow.

History is like this, you don't have to know the master and slave before you can continue. No matter who is the mastermind, Yuanmingyuan was burned down anyway, and the fire in Yuanmingyuan was only the background of Qi Xiang's story. We should follow the seven-day trip from Yuanmingyuan to the summer resort and identify hidden dangers along the way.

This trip is an asylum, or a strategic retreat. However, it is not good to take refuge and retire in public. The public statement is "sweeping the grave", that is, going to the grave to sweep the grave. On the day of departure, there was an imperial edict from Amin, saying, "You should die in your country" to inspire the soldiers and civilians who have become the capital ahead. As I said before, Sango Jinchen suggested retreating first because of the comparison of military strength. In the future, when discussing the gains and losses of this trip, the Central Committee said that "Su Shun praised many things" and accused him of cowardice, misunderstanding of the country and ignorance of the overall situation. However, he did not suggest to retreat, and the specific affairs on the way to retreat were indeed "praised" by him, and as a result, the future queens of the two palaces were offended. Su Shun left Beijing before the big party, and arranged the supplies along the way and the resettlement after arrival. When things are urgent, he can only arrange Xianfeng's life as much as possible. Others, including Ci 'an and Cixi, can't manage so much supply, so "empresses can't eat, they can only eat with soy milk." Su Shun, on the other hand, is on the edge of Xianfeng, carrying a "food burden" and full of wine and meat. The two lords ate and drank Lazar all the way, just like traveling. The two queens drink soybean milk every day, which is purely a flight-grade food standard. Of course, they will "gnash their teeth in Su Shun". So when they arrived in Chengde, they didn't digest their anger, and they all blamed the emperor. When I arrived in Chengde, my diet returned to the original level. Ci 'an said, "What's the use of looking at my seat in exile? Please accept it "; I didn't eat well all the way, but I just won't eat well in the future. Xianfeng said, yes, I have to tell Su Liu (that's how Su Shun arranges it at home). How smart Su Shun was, knowing that Xianfeng definitely didn't want to drink soybean milk, he replied: Empress is right, funds are really difficult and should be saved. However, if the corruption index suddenly drops, outsiders (including clerks in Chengde and officials staying in Beijing) will be "shocked" and speculate on the internal situation of the palace and the financial strength of the court, leading to unexpected things. Xianfeng is "completely convinced". It turns out that being popular and drinking spicy food is for the safety of the "country", and the significance of a seat is great! So he told the queen with long hair and short knowledge: "Sue can't." Poor Su Shun once again attracted the envy of two queens, "thanks to Su Shun" [17].

Although the food was good, Xianfeng was in a bad mood. In September, the Sino-British and Sino-French Beijing Treaty peace talks ended; Russia, on the other hand, took advantage of the fish in troubled waters and signed the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, annexing all the areas east of the Wusuli River. In terms of fighting bandits, Zhang, an old soldier who supported half of the country in the southeast, disappeared a few months ago and Jiangsu was also "eaten". The situation is very bad. There are mixed feelings at home and abroad, so heart disease leads to physical illness, and the dragon feels uncomfortable. The news that Yuanmingyuan was burned is even more heartbreaking. The Garden Pool Pavilion, which left beautiful memories, has now become broken walls, mourning the remains alone. What is this? I should have gone back to Beijing to clean up the mess after the successful negotiations. So, 1 October1day, a letter was sent: "The weather is getting colder, and the return date is postponed."

If you are in poor health, you must arrange a funeral. Although I just turned 30 this year, I have a cough and red sputum from time to time, which is really uncomfortable. For the sake of the country, it is really necessary to arrange things early. The most important thing in the emperor's funeral is to establish a prince. Xianfeng has only one son who is less than five years old, which saves the trouble of settling down, but a bigger trouble has emerged, that is, how to prevent the birth mother of the prince from going to the country by mistake. Emperors in China have their own family studies. Regardless of state affairs and family affairs, it has set an example for the monarch to prevent the mother of a young emperor like Cixi. Who should we learn from?

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty crossed the river, a matchmaker pretended to be a warlock and looked angry, and recommended to him a "strange girl" suffering from polio named Zhao. Looking for it, "both hands are fists", Emperor Wu reached out and broke it, stretching freely, and the paralysis actually recovered. Fortunately, he gave birth to a son, the later emperor Zhao Han. The "strange woman" lived in Goujian Palace, and was called "Mrs. Goujian" in history. When Emperor Zhao Di was five years old (about the same age as Zai Chun), he ordered the painting "Duke of Zhou Becomes King" to be hung in Ganquan Palace. "So officials around know that Liang Wudi wants to have fewer children." Soon, Emperor Wu knew that his time had come, so he "condemned Mrs. Gou Jian" for no reason. His wife kowtowed and begged for mercy, but Emperor Wu said that he would be sent to prison. When the lady left, she turned around and blinked hard. Emperor Wu scolded 1, "a fun trip! Women can't live "(Berniu case should be translated into vernacular: get out! You will die). Mrs Gou Jian was killed in Yunyang Palace. It is not enough for Emperor Wu to kill the prince's biological mother. Other concubines who gave birth to sons, "their mothers were all sentenced to death." The left and right ministers were puzzled and asked, "If you have a son, why not go to his mother?" Emperor Wu said: Well, you idiots don't understand. This is normal. Why was the country in chaos before? Because "the master is less and the mother is stronger"; Widowed and living alone, she must be arrogant, promiscuous and self-indulgent. Who can control her? Have you forgotten the story of Lv Hou? Chu, who supplemented the history books, was full of praise for Emperor Wudi's move: "You are not a saint! Obviously far-sighted, for the sake of future generations, so I don't know the folly of Confucianism. This is a martial art, so it is empty. " [ 18]

All the descendants who grew up watching Xiang Jian Shu didn't know the story of Gou Yi, so Xianfeng asked Su Shun about the plan behind him and said that the story of Hanwu would be effective in a few days. "What do you mean?" Su Shun's suggestion should be followed. But Xianfeng, after all, was not a "saint" and could not bear to do it before he died. Instead, she wrote a suicide note to Empress Ci 'an on her deathbed, saying that Cixi could be punished if she broke the law [19]. Later, Cixi cut a piece of fat on herself and cooked a pot of soup to give Ci 'an tonic. When Ci 'an was excited, he burned the testamentary edict [20]. Wenzong (that is, Xianfeng) in Qing Dynasty was not a good student of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Gentlemen who rebuild Qing history in the future must imitate the format of Taishi Gong Gong Yue and comment on it, revealing the lesson that women's righteousness is enough to die (tongzhi childless) and subjugate the country.

However, on the afternoon of July 16th, the 11th year of Xianfeng, Xianfeng was seriously ill and fainted, so he ordered the minister to stay at his post and work overtime, and could not disperse. After waking up in the evening, on the third day of the third year, he summoned Ci 'an, Cixi, imperial clan Zai Yuan, Duanhua, Jing Shou and Su Shun, as well as military ministers Mu Cong, Kuang Yuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying, and explained the aftermath: Zai Chun was appointed as the Crown Prince; Zai Yuan and other eight people assisted the young master and praised government affairs. I'm afraid there will be no evidence in the future. Please ask the emperor to write the imperial edict in calligraphy as evidence. Xianfeng's imperial edict was too sick to write, so there was a word "write" on the testamentary edict [2 1]. Zai Yuan and other eight people are also commonly known as "Gu Ming Eight Ministers". According to the truth, Gong Wang is Xianfeng's half-brother, and his feelings were particularly congenial when he was young. Taking care of his life should be led by the public king; However, as mentioned above, there is deep suspicion between Xianfeng and Wang Gong, so Zai Yuan, Duan Hua and Su Shun, who are not close, can "care for each other all their lives". Gong Wang also worked hard for this. When Xianfeng was seriously ill in March and April, he said that he would come to Jehol to offer condolences. Xianfeng said, "Meeting each other only adds to the sadness. Don't come "; Reject flatly. Ci 'an and Cixi are not allowed to participate in politics, but they follow the ancestral instruction that concubines and palace wardens are not allowed to talk about state affairs. Therefore, it is politically justified for Minister Gu to become the next generation leader of Qin School. In principle, unless he grew up in Tongzhi [22], the eight ministers are still not under the control of the emperor, that is, "traitors and traitors, everyone must be punished." Otherwise, before this, anyone who infringes or deprives Eight Ministers of their auxiliary political rights is guilty of resisting the purpose and should be regarded as a "traitor". However, politics is dirty and politics succumbs to force. The legitimacy and legitimacy of political power are not immutable, but can be given at any time. The principle of success or failure applies not only to regime change, but also to court coups.

If there really is a strict political group organized to protect the auxiliary political power granted by the previous generation of Emperor Xianfeng from infringement, thinking that the leader [23], the other seven ministers in charge of life are the two wings, some officials staying in Beijing are foreign aid, and some troops stationed in Beijing are controlled, then it can be called the "Soviet Party". However, by examining the facts at that time, we found that such a well-organized political group did not appear. In the late spring of the third year of the Republic of China, Wang Kaiyun, a screen guest from Su Shun, revisited Beijing and once again came to Fayuan Temple, the former site of the banquet, to hold a "Spring Banquet" with his disciples [24]. Everyone was "impressed by the present and made great achievements", and all his poems were written down by Wang Kaiyun. At the beginning of the preface, it mentioned "suppression of the Party": "At that time (the Bo Niu case refers to the nine or ten years of Xianfeng), the Yi people were at the beginning of their prosperity, and they discussed peace and war with the DPRK. Yin Xingnong's main battle and Guo Junxian's main peace are both "clean streams". Su Yuting, who fought against peace, was also good at Yin and Guo, and was called a "powerful minister". Yu Wei was awarded by Yuting, with the title of "Su Dang" [25]; During Tongguang and Guangxu years, when Cixi was in power, the "clean stream" specifically referred to the "main war faction", while the "main peace faction" headed by Li Hongzhang was the "turbid stream". In the last years of Xianfeng, Wang Xu called Yin and Guo Songtao, who had different political views, "a clean stream", while Su Shun, a powerful minister, was regarded as the "government" at that time. Because, if it is not the "government", it will be biased; Only the "government" can compromise, no matter whether it is turbid or not. Therefore, the following sentence "I know how to reward the court, but the name is" Soviet Party ""is a deep contempt for political opponents who use the word "Soviet Party" to slander the "government" with political legitimacy as a "political party" that engages in gangs and accepts bribes.

On the contrary, the "anti-traitor group" composed of Ci 'an, Cixi and Gong Wang actually meets the above conditions for party building and is called the "post-party". The ambition of the second generation is to listen to politics, and the ambition of Gong Wang is to return to politics, which is the political basis for their conspiracy. Second, in Jehol, the only resources at hand are "young emperors"; King Gong is in Beijing, in charge of the national affairs of the Prime Minister's Office, in charge of foreign affairs, and can mobilize relevant civil and military ministers. Only by combining internal and external forces can we "hold the emperor to make the princes." This is their political strategy of integrating resources, compromising interests and seizing power. Their mass base is officials and banners who are dissatisfied with Su Shun's "iron fist".

Zhou Zupei, former minister of Han Dynasty. One day, while working with Su Shun, a senior minister of mankind, Su Shun pretended to ask, "Whose promise is this?" The clerk told me that this is the promise of Zhou Zhengting. Su Shun swore: Bah! These gangsters can live for nothing and know nothing about business! As a result, the official manuscript was "added with HongLing" (that is, inappropriate sentences were smeared with red pen to express severe criticism), and even Zhou Zupei's painting promise (equivalent to the word "agree" given by today's leaders) was added with "HongLing". Zhou "silently endured, but did not dare to go to school." Later, he found an opportunity, ran to the cupboard and escaped [26]. Colleagues are like this, as are leaders of relevant departments; Many provincial and ministerial officials, including college student Qi Junzao, feel uneasy about their positions all day and beg for a refund because they can't adapt to Su Shun's "rough" office style.

Su Shun looked down on his own people and treated Manchu officials more severely. In addition to Bai Heng, another senior official was "executed". On behalf of the Qing court, Qian Yingyi signed the first peace treaty on the aftermath of the Opium War, became the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and was also a "senior diplomat". In the eighth year of Xianfeng, the allied forces of Britain, France, the United States and Russia invaded Tianjin, and the old citizens went to make peace with the imperial envoys Gui Liang and Wasana. Before that, when Jane was negotiating with the British in Guangdong, she often lied that her private decision was a national policy, which not only maintained the "national style" but also "comforted" foreigners. Later, Zhangzou was translated by the British and found that what he said was all lies, so he "hated it"; This reunion, the British refused to negotiate with him. Because of this, Qian Ying did not dare to dig out the old case, and was accused of "changing the imperial edict", so she was "scared and begged" and waited.