I want to raise fish. I am a novice. What fish should I keep and what information should I keep? Which one is beautiful and cultured? How about tropical fish?

What fish looks good is a matter of opinion. I think it is relatively simple to raise arowana. 1. Arowana looks spectacular. 2. I had the experience of not feeding arowana for two weeks (hehe, sorry about my arowana). 3. Arowana is still alive and kicking. The feed it eats is also convenient, and any fish and shrimp can be used, but if it is alive, it will not look at it when it is dead. The specific method is as follows: the breeding method of arowana

This article was written by catch, the world moderator of Tiger Jumping Dragon Pool Arowana, and published in the fifth special issue of China Ornamental Fish in 2004. I published this article on behalf of catch.

At the beginning of arowana culture, the setting of dragon trough is the most basic length, width and height. I suggest that at least 180cm, 75cm wide and 60cm high should be used, and the water temperature should be controlled at 24 ~ 32℃, so that arowana can have a better growth environment. If the management of arowana culture is more important than water quality, then the efforts to raise water can be improved.

The accumulation of fish excrement will produce toxic ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria are mainly used to decompose ammonia that deteriorates water quality, and after decomposition, it will become nitrite and nitrate ~

Nitrifying bacteria should be cultivated in water filtration system, not in water. It is also very important to put the filter material into the filtration system. Incorrect methods will get twice the result with half the effort.

Take the upper filtration system as an example. Ceramic rings and biochemical rings should be placed at the bottom, and a layer of biochemical cotton should be placed on it, which constitutes a simple breeding ground for nitrifying bacteria, and then white cotton is commonly used. Every time you change the filter material, you should change the white cotton on it. Biochemical cotton, ceramic rings and biochemical balls are cleaned once every six months to ensure smooth water flow. But biochemical cotton, ceramic ring and biochemical ball should not be washed together. Instead, you should wash them after putting them back into the water for a few days. After washing, they should be disinfected in the sun for three days and then put into the filtration system. Remember that the culture hotbed of nitrifying bacteria should not be cleaned or replaced frequently. If you are worried about the shortage of nitrifying bacteria, you can buy an external water filter. Instead of white cotton, only biochemical cotton, ceramic rings and biochemical balls are put as special breeding grounds for nitrifying bacteria. When replacing or washing, do not replace the filter material at one time, but replace it in small parts. It is more appropriate to wait for three days before changing another one ~ ~ Otherwise, the nitrifying bacteria will not change the ph value too much ~ ~ It is very dangerous ~ ~. If the water is not changed for a long time, there are three main points:

First, the concentration of nitrate and ammonia (ammonia) is easy to be too high, and the water quality is easy to deteriorate.

Second, the electrolyte is also easy to be high.

Third, once the water is changed, it is easy to cause collapse prevention (anti-water) phenomenon, and the ph value drops rapidly.

When extracting water from the new pond, it is suggested to strengthen air extraction, throw dead brocade on the filter pond, and add some trace elements of aquatic plants to the water, so that saprophytic bacteria can have enough food to reproduce and nitrifying bacteria can survive in the biochemical filter material. In addition, in the usual water quality management, some preliminary judgments can be made by basic observation methods, and the judgment methods are as follows:

Here I divide it into two ways to look at water for your reference:

First, what does a bubble mean?

Second, what is the meaning of clear water quality?

1. There are many kinds of organisms and bacteria in the water. Except photosynthetic plants and strains, most aquatic organisms need to convert water (H2O) into oxygen (O) for energy exchange of cells in the body and discharge carbon dioxide.

Photosynthetic plants and strains have different functions. They absorb the light spectrum of the sun, generate heat energy, and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O). So, if you keep an aquarium, you are pursuing ecological balance. Photosynthetic system receives light source, absorbs carbon dioxide in water, and discharges oxygen for biological respiration in water supply. This is called life cycle.

In the dragon fish tank, except for a few friends who use straw tanks, most friends raise dragon fish in bare tanks or fish tanks with bottom sand, so there is no oxygen generation mechanism in the life cycle, and the oxygen content in the fish tank has to be artificially increased. However, the air pumped into the water by the air pump is not pure oxygen, but oxygen, carbon dioxide and other oxygen-containing substances are dissolved in the water phase, and the compatibility is quite high. The rest are unsolvable. On the contrary, based on these ideas, if the oxygen demand in water is high, more gas will be dissolved in water, so the bubbles will become smaller, and the smaller the bubbles, the better the water solubility, which is a state of equilibrium. However, if there are few small bubbles and more large bubbles, it means that the gas in the tank (oxygen or carbon dioxide) is saturated and the degree of oxygen solubility in water is insufficient. Oxygen saturation in water), or brown algae (lack of light, carbon dioxide saturation), so the normal non-water tank should have many small oxygen bubbles, which is the practice of observing dissolved oxygen with oxygen bubbles.

Second, the meaning of clear water quality?

Why is the water turbid? What will cause turbidity of water quality? The main reasons are minerals, impurities and substances excreted by fish (such as feces). ), as well as chemicals (mainly chlorine in water plants, disinfection water and "ammonia" released by fish feces). Except for chemicals, the rest of the above items will be deposited due to the specific gravity of water. Theoretically! After two to three hours in the water, it will all sink to the bottom, making the water clear. However, more serious chemicals in water, some of which are colorless and tasteless, are difficult to observe. Therefore, in order to eliminate these chemicals, manufacturers sell a product called "water quality stabilizer", which is a chemical substance that destroys the molecular structure of its chemicals in the form of chemicals, so that its toxicity cannot be exerted, but relatively speaking, it is a chemical substance. There should be a certain amount. If ordinary water is aerated, even if "water quality stabilizer" is not used, toxic substances in the water will volatilize. Therefore, I will reduce the use of some "water stabilizer" except when the water plant is disinfected with chlorine after rainy days, and let it naturally aerate the rest of the time.

Normal water is put into a fish tank. According to the above, there should be no more chemicals. However, the creatures in the water are actually the biggest producers of chemicals, and their excrement contains high concentration of "ammonia". This chemical is special, and it will be yellow and visible. Therefore, when the water turns Huang Shi, it usually means that the ammonia content in the water is too high.

Nitrifying bacteria are often used to decompose "ammonia" in water tanks. Nitrifying bacteria will absorb ammonia and convert it into less toxic nitrous acid and nitric acid, while in weak acid (below ph7), it will be further converted into asexual ammonium. Therefore, if the color of the water is not clear and a little yellow, it means that your nitrifying bacteria are insufficient ~ ~ Be careful ~

The following is a simple single-slot dragon cylinder design for your reference:

The culture of nitrifying bacteria can be carried out not only in the filtration equipment, but also in the case of insufficient filtration system, the PH can be adjusted by other materials, among which the most useful and widely used is the complete nitrifying bacteria hotbed of bottom sand wave plate (adsorption plate).

There are many different materials for bottom sand used in aquarium, and each material has different effects on water quality:

1. Take coral sand as an example. This kind of sand is the sedimentary sand formed by the calcification of coral and shellfish in the sea, which is artificially desalted and finally used in fresh water and seawater tanks. Whether used in fresh water or seawater tanks, these materials will release "calcium-based minerals" and make water hard (high KH value). In this case, the hardness value (KH) will affect the high PH value (pH value is higher than 7), and these two values will react in direct proportion.

2. American silica sand and black sand are made of seasonal crystals containing silicon (atomic sequence 14), neutral weak acid (PH below 7) and fine particles of about 1~2mm, which are suitable for planting aquatic plants.

In addition, there are many different substances, some of which will affect the water quality, some are neutral, and some are acidic or alkaline, so we should choose them carefully according to the water quality adjustment. If the upper filtration is combined with the bottom sand, it is recommended to use the river sand in Shuiyuanhe area, and the particles larger than 5mm to 10mm are better. In order to cooperate with the bottom suction plate (wave plate), do not use American fine silica sand or black sand to avoid blocking the suction hole of the bottom suction plate, resulting in poor bacterial culture effect and rapid waste accumulation.

In the upper filtration system, please put ceramic ring or biochemical ball at the bottom, put biochemical cotton on the ceramic ring, and finally put white cotton to filter out impurities in the water. If the water quality is green (green algae) or brown algae, a cotton cloth (below 1mm thick) or a more breathable non-woven fabric can be placed on the white cotton cloth at the water inlet to collect algae in the water, but this cotton cloth still won't work. The remaining filter materials should not be replaced at will, unless the water outlet is blocked or the ceramic ring is gradually cleaned or replaced from six months to one year (the ceramic ring to be replaced can be divided into three parts one by one, and the time between the first part and the second and third parts should be at least three days).

After laying the upper filtering equipment according to the above method, connect a suction pipe to the suction port of the upper pumping motor, and indirectly connect a directional suction device (sucking water from the middle of the barrel for filtering) in the suction pipe, and then connect it with the bottom suction plate (corrugated plate) horizontally placed at the bottom of the barrel (sucking waste from the bottom to cultivate bacteria). Then a layer of river sand with a diameter of 5mm~ 10mm was laid on the bottom suction plate, which completed the establishment of bed sand-assisted nitrifying bacteria hotbed.

Hydroponics cycle is one week. After the first effluent, add 3: 1000 coarse (sea salt) for disinfection to promote the aeration effect, add commercial nitrifying bacteria, and then throw one or two small dead fish or shrimps on the white cotton filtered at the upper part as the nutrients of nitrifying bacteria.

After feeding the fish, the first water change time should not be too short, and the feeding amount should not be too much. It is best to change the water in two weeks. When changing water, do not change the filter material and mix the bottom sand at the same time, so as to avoid the imbalance of ammonia decomposition and unstable water quality caused by insufficient nitrifying bacteria. If white cotton needs to be replaced, it should be replaced three days after changing water.

Every time you change water, you should carefully observe and test the water quality. Please refer to the observation method in my book "Observation and Adjustment of Water Color", and add 1: 1000 coarse (sea) salt to the new water in proportion. When changing water every three or four times, turn the bottom sand with a stick to prevent the danger of sudden acid drop caused by excessive waste accumulation.

The following is my simple dragon fish tank, equipped with: upper single tank filtration system, a set of dual-gas uninterrupted power supply system (power failure for about a week during the 92 1 earthquake, so I was afraid), a set of three-tube three-wavelength solar lamps and a set of single-tube blue lamps for your reference. The ph value is constant at 8.2, the positive and negative error is less than 0.2 liter, and the GH value cannot be detected (test).

The creatures in the aquarium include 1 golden dragon with high back and red tail, 5 macaws, 1 fire-breathing dragon, 2 pig-nosed turtles, 3 golden Thai crucian carp and 1 golden pipa mouse, all of which are over 15CM in length.

Precautions:

Pay attention to the freshness of bait when feeding it. Uneaten bait, dead fish, dead shrimp and artificial feed should not be piled up in large quantities, so as to prevent bacteria from producing and causing water quality to exceed the standard, and they should be fished out with nets within one hour after feeding.

The above is my practical experience, and I would like to share it with you.