Introduction of characteristics of Malayan fish

Ma is a famous Shaanxi opera actor, a national first-class actor, and a native of Yulin, Shaanxi. He used to be an actor of Northwest Opera Research Institute and Shaanxi Opera Research Institute, the vice president of Shaanxi Art School, the second-fourth director of Chinese Dramatists Association, and the vice president of Shaanxi Shaanxi Shaanxi Opera Research Association. 1984, joined the China * * * production party. He once went to Beijing to report and perform "A Visit to the West Lake" and other plays, which caused a sensation in Beijing. He was received by Premier Zhou Enlai and invited to attend the National Day banquet of 1959. Ma's amazing skill of "blowing fire" also won her the opportunity to visit the West Lake.

May 20 18 was recognized as the representative inheritor of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.

Chinese name: Malanyu

Date of birth: 1936

Occupation: Shaanxi Opera Performance Artist

Masterpiece: Visiting the West Lake.

Character experience

Ma 1936, a native of Chuanbao, Yulin Town, whose grandfather was a member of Zhongshan League. 1in the spring of 948, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border People's Theatre recruited actors. At that time, the leader of land reform recommended Malanyu to theater director Sorey.

"I was still a doll, and I didn't have much ambition, because life at home was very difficult. I think I can eat my stomach in Yan 'an, right? I decided to go. "Ma left home at the age of 12. The only luggage at that time was her mother's old cotton-padded clothes, and the shoes belonged to her mother who was ill in bed. " This is not suitable for her, but she followed the adults for seven or eight days and finally came to the People's Troupe in Yan 'an. "

At that time, life in Yan 'an was also very hard. Ma and seven or eight female students of the troupe "Doll Team" live in a cave. The mattress is covered with grass and a quilt. There is no clock for class rehearsal, so they can only light incense and time. I don't even have clothes. I have to draw my own flags and borrow embroidered shoes from my new wife in the village. But such a day, for lanyu, who is used to suffering, is already very happy. With a smile on her face, she recalled people's self-sufficiency: "The tomatoes, cabbages and potatoes we planted in front of the cave had a bumper harvest. Tomatoes and cabbages grow beautifully, and potatoes grow very big. "

In Yan 'an, Ma also realized his first systematic understanding of traditional Chinese opera. "Although I used to love the theatre, singing opera is different after all. It's really hard to learn from scratch. I want to play quickly. Thank you to my first teachers in the troupe for teaching us so patiently. " He said he loved playing, but Ma Lan Yu was famous for his efforts in rehearsal. He gets up before dawn every day and practices by moonlight at night. Three months after joining the league, she stood out in the "Doll Team" of the People's Theatre Company and ranked first in the "Quiz".

Ma clearly remembers that her first performance on stage was for the People's Liberation Army and the local people in a rural clay field. She played Wang Lanying in Fish Belly Mountain. 1948 after the liberation of Yan' an in August, the troupe returned to Yan' an and often left the army to visit the arsenal, and the central leaders often watched their plays. On one occasion, he also performed jointly with the Pingju Troupe to bid farewell to Mr. Peng's troops in the northwest front.

The trip to the West Lake is very famous. Mei Lanfang got up and applauded.

If Yan 'an is a sacred place for Malayan fish to embark on the road of Shaanxi opera, xi 'an is a blessed place for Malayan fish to start their brilliant career, and the key to unlock this lock is the famous "Tour the West Lake".

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Ma and his colleagues from the People's Troupe left Yan 'an on Mid-Autumn Festival 1949 and walked all the way to An. The arrival of the People's Troupe and the subsequent establishment of the Northwest Opera Research Institute of the ancient city have brought together famous artists in An for a period of time, and also made great innovations in the drama stage here. During this period, Qin opera developed rapidly in xi 'an, and there were many innovations in script content, choreography and musical expression. It was at this time that the neoclassical drama "A Tour of the West Lake" starring Ma was born, and it was one of its representatives.

Innovation is the word that Ma used the most when talking about "Traveling to the West Lake": "This drama can be said to be the representative work of Anqin Opera, which has concentrated the wisdom of many artists. For example, make-up-in traditional The Journey to the West, Li Huiniang's ghost make-up is scary, with feudal superstition. However, in the new drama "Ghosts Hate Killing", we abandoned the horror, put on a rosy face and put on a long veil, which is both artistic and can skillfully express the feeling of "soul". In addition, the new drama pays more attention to the visibility of the stage, and skillfully arranges the stage effects worthy of reference in ballet, Beijing opera and Sichuan opera. When Hui Niang fought with the assassin Liao Yin to save her beloved Peisheng, she integrated the ballet walk into the original Tsing Yi walk, which strengthened the feeling of wandering. At the same time, learn from the fan-supporting action in Sichuan opera to increase the effect. "

What many elderly audiences remember is that Ma's "ghost blowing fire" performance in "Tour the West Lake" is exquisite. When Li Huiniang, wearing a white gauze, blew a fire while dancing, the stage was full of flames and shadows, vividly expressing the description of the opera. But few people know how hard 17-year-old horse has made to achieve perfect results on the stage-in order to show the wandering of ghosts, she practiced walking on stilts until her feet hurt and her legs swollen; Learning the skill of "blowing fire", she burned her face twice in training; In order to better master the singing skills, she studied under the old artists He, Dong Huaqing and Wang, and then under the famous artists, carefully taught and learned Cheng's singing methods.

Where there is a will, there is a way. 1953, the newly edited "Journey to the West Lake" was publicly performed and became an instant hit. 1958, Mei Lanfang stood up and applauded when the play was performed in Beijing. On the anniversary of National Day 1959, Ma's "A Tour of the West Lake" was staged in Beijing. Then, "A Tour of the West Lake" toured in Jiangnan 13 province, causing a sensation throughout the country.

Mei Lanfang later commented on Ma's performance in an article: "She described Hui Niang's grief and kindness in detail with her weeping singing and agile dancing, and raised her heroic image to the peak of bravery and nobility." Cao Yu, a master of drama, also praised: "Ma's charming performance has excavated Hui Niang's heavy pain to the deepest place."

Although many actors have acted in Hui Niang, in the eyes of many audiences at that time and now, "Hui Niang" is a horse, and the horse is the beautiful, brave and determined Hui Niang.

Cultivate peaches and plums affectionately

Ma Lan Yu didn't stop there. She is an insatiable learner. She said that she "always felt that she was not full of artistic sense". 1957, when Shang Xiaoyun, a master of Peking Opera, arrived in Xi 'an, he took Mr. Bai Shang as his teacher. Teacher Shang rehearsed the story of Zhao Jun's departure from the fortress for her hand, and gave her her own sword and a set of clothes to teach her the skills of practicing her figure with a sword.

Ma Lan Yu's operas are various. On the stage of Shaanxi Opera, she also successfully created many artistic images. After "A Tour of the West Lake", Ma also rehearsed a series of outstanding opera works such as "The Orphan of Zhao", ranging from classical drama to modern drama. It is all this that made lanyu in the fifties and sixties of last century, and became famous in the theater. However, Ma said, "It is unfair to attribute the success of West Lake tourism only to me or any individual. This is due to the good artistic atmosphere of the Opera Research Institute headed by Dean Ma Jianling, and to the silent dedication of a group of Shaanxi opera and Beijing opera teachers regardless of fame and fortune. " As an actor, especially a famous actor, it is very valuable to be able to respect history, facts, others and not be greedy for the merits of the world. Ma Lan Yu set an example for young actors not only on the stage, but also in life.

Ten years of catastrophe once interrupted lanyu's stage career. 1972, Ma, who returned to Ann, retired behind the scenes and successively taught at Shaanxi Art Institute (predecessor of Ann Conservatory of Music) and Shaanxi Opera School. She turned to opera teaching without hesitation. From 65438 to 0979, Shaanxi Opera School was established on the basis of the Department of Traditional Chinese Opera of the Art College, and Ma served as the vice president in charge of business until he retired from 65438 to 0996. Qi Aiyun and others, one of the "Four Famous Dances of Shaanxi Opera", have been trained since 1980, the first enrollment of provincial opera schools, and now they are all leading figures in the field of Shaanxi Opera.

Old age life

Today, although he has retired, Ma is still concerned about the development of Shaanxi Opera. She doesn't agree with the saying that people don't like watching Shaanxi Opera nowadays: "If a good play is really put on, young people and old people will definitely like it. I think there are fewer people watching Shaanxi opera now, but some rehearsals really don't work hard to make up. " Speaking of which, the old man was a little excited. "Don't talk about innovation. Many classic scripts rehearsed today are difficult to perform according to the cat's painting and tiger's painting. They only pursue form, not god, and the arrangement is too simple and superficial! I've always held this view. If you want to be famous and play a good show, you should not only pay attention to the beauty of appearance, but also tap the inner beauty of the characters! "

Ma mentioned Chairman Mao's "Speech" in Yan 'an, and mentioned that literary and art workers cannot be divorced from the masses. "Just like when we rehearse, we should first invite the cooks and logistics staff of the troupe to see it. If they say it's not good-looking, then our play will not be performed in public at all, but will be torn down and started again. I have always felt that it is necessary to perform works that are popular with the masses, because such works have been given life. Literary and artistic works cannot be divorced from the times and innovation, but should be contended by a hundred schools of thought, let a hundred flowers blossom and learn from others. "

For today's younger generation of Shaanxi opera actors, Ma has placed great expectations and feelings. "Shaanxi opera has a deep accumulation and will certainly make a difference. However, in order to produce a good play, we must first give up impetuousness and stop thinking about how to win prizes and become famous. You should first calm down to study, think and innovate. Now there is a desire for quick success and instant benefit in art, seeking foreign countries for ostentation and extravagance, rather than excavating the inner things of art, but I don't know that this is to quench my thirst by drinking poison. "

Character honor

On February 28th, 20 17, 17, Malanyu was selected into the recommended list of representative inheritors of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.

May 20 18 was recognized as the representative inheritor of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.

Main heir

Qi Aiyun, a famous actress of Shaanxi Opera, is a national first-class actress, a winner of China Opera Plum Blossom Award and one of the "Four Famous Artists in China" (Shaanxi Opera Research Institute).

Li Xiaofeng, a famous civil and military actor of Shaanxi Opera, is a national first-class actor, winner of the Plum Blossom Award for Traditional Chinese Opera, and deputy director of the Youth League Committee of Shaanxi Opera Research Institute.

Li Junmei, a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera, is a national first-class actor, the winner of China Opera Plum Blossom Award, and the first of the "Four Famous Artists of China Shaanxi Opera" (Youth League Committee of Shaanxi Opera Research Institute).

Li Jinhang, a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera, is a national first-class actor and a senior lecturer, professor and graduate student of Shaanxi Art School.

Liang Shaoqin, a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera, is one of the "Four Little Masters of China Shaanxi Opera" (Lanzhou Qin Theatre, Gansu Province).

Liang Yu, a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera (Sanyishe, xi Qin Theatre)

Wu, a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera, is a national first-class actor (Shaanxi Opera Troupe).

Review opinion

Mazhang has mastered the performance skills and techniques of Qingyi, Huashan and Peking Opera blues in Qin Opera, shaped a series of successful stage artistic images, and formed a simple and delicate performance style, especially blowing fire, which is known as the "fire phoenix" and has high representation and influence in Qin Opera, Northwest China and even the whole country, and has been widely recognized by people in the industry and audiences. The inheritance is clear and the teacher is strict. He has not only been an artist for decades, but also engaged in the teaching of Shaanxi Opera for a long time. Students are all over the five northwestern provinces, with strong inheritance ability and willingness. After evaluation by the evaluation team, the applicant meets the evaluation criteria of national intangible cultural heritage representative inheritors and agrees to be recommended as the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative inheritors.