China ancient historical figures and fame and fortune

Born at the end of the Warring States Period, Li Si was born in Shangcai, Chu (now southwest of Shangcai County, Henan Province) and worked as a clerk in charge of documents when he was young. Sima Qian recorded such a thing in Biography of Li Si in Historical Records: once, he saw mice eating human excrement in the toilet, and when he saw people and dogs, the mice were scared away. Later in the warehouse, he saw the mouse stealing food freely, and no one cared. So, he sent out such a feeling: "People's virtue is not worth it, like rats, in their ears!" In other words, if a person wants to get ahead in society, he must do whatever he wants and enjoy himself like a mouse stealing food in a grain depot. It can be seen that in the Warring States period when everyone was vying for fame and profit, Reese was unwilling to be lonely and wanted to make a difference. In order to achieve the purpose of the apprentice, Reese resigned from his position as a small official and went to Qi to study and become a teacher. Xun Qing was a famous master of Confucianism at that time. He gave lectures under the banner of Confucius. But unlike Mencius, he developed and reformed Confucius' Confucianism from the political situation at that time, which was very suitable for the needs of the emerging landlord class. Xunzi's thought is very close to that of Legalists, and he also studies how to govern the country, which is the so-called "imperial technique". After Li Si finished his studies, he repeatedly thought about where he should go to display his talents and gain wealth. After analyzing and comparing the situation of different countries, he thought that the king of Chu was doing nothing and other countries were going downhill, so he decided to go to Qin.

Before he left, Xun Qing asked Reese why she wanted to go to Qin. Reese replied, "there is a timing problem in doing business." Now all countries are competing for the top, which is a good opportunity to make great achievements. Qin is ambitious and wants to unify the whole country, so it can be done there. In this world, meanness is the greatest shame, and poverty is the greatest sorrow. It is ridiculous that a person is always in a humble and pitiful position. It is not the idea of a scholar to love fame and wealth and do nothing. So, I'm going to Qin. "Reese said goodbye to the teacher and went to Qin to realize his wish.

Then there is

Thanks to Qin Shihuang's appreciation, Li Si not only prospered in his career, but also his children followed suit. Li You, the eldest son of Li Si, is the chief of Sanchuan County, and holds certain military and political power. Other children also married Emperor Shi. On one occasion, Li You returned to Xianyang, Li Si arranged a family dinner, and all the officials came to propose a toast. At this warm banquet, Reese remembered his teacher Xun Qing's warning that "things should not be too much" and said with emotion: "I was a common people, but today I became the prime minister, which can be said to be extremely rich. However, the prosperity is exhausted, and I don't know what will happen in the future. It can be seen that Reese is not completely intoxicated with the high officials and generous salaries, and his understanding of reality is still relatively clear.

After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, due to Qin Shihuang's brutal rule over the broad masses of people, the resistance of people everywhere never stopped. In addition to the form of armed struggle, the broad masses of the people also cursed Qin Shihuang in the form of ballads, such as: "One room, one room, the emperor died." The people's dissatisfaction and resistance made the landlord class very worried. Therefore, Qin Shihuang made five long-distance trips in the ten years after reunification. Its purpose is to show off to the whole country and strengthen its control over the whole country.

Although Qin Shihuang patrolled everywhere and brutally suppressed the people, resistance continued to occur. For example, someone intercepted the royal messenger, and someone publicly cursed Qin Shihuang: "Zulong (Qin Shihuang) died this year." Therefore, in the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), Qin Shihuang decided to make a fifth tour.

On this tour, Li Si, the Prime Minister, went with Hu Hai, Qin Shihuang's favorite youngest son. The tour route is: from Xianyang, out of Wuguan, along the Danshui and Hanshui river basins to Yunmeng, and then along the Yangtze River to Huiji (now south of Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Huiji Mountain, offering sacrifices to Dayu and carving stones as a souvenir. Back in the north, Qin Shihuang was seriously ill and soon died in the sand dunes (now southeast of Julu County, Hebei Province).

After Qin Shihuang's death, Lisi was afraid of chaos in the world, and sent water and meals as usual every day to keep outsiders from knowing his death. According to convention, Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, should inherit the throne. Fu Su was inclined to Confucianism, and disagreed with Qin Shihuang's burning books to bury Confucianism. He put forward his opinions face to face, which made Qin Shihuang very angry and sent him to see the northwest general Meng Tian. At this time, eunuch Zhao Gao was also engaged in conspiracy activities. He is Hu Hai's teacher, trying to make Hu Hai the emperor, so that he can take power. The only person who needs attention is Reese, so he tried his best to win the approval of Boxing and Hu Hai. Zhao Gao has a good eloquence, and he had such a dialogue with Reese.

Zhao Gao said, "Before he died, the emperor called Fu Su to attend the funeral, but he died before he sent him out. No one knows this letter, but now Hu Hai has it. Decide who will succeed to the throne; It's up to Hu Hai and me. What do you think? " This is the tone of snooping.

Reese said: "This is the talk of national subjugation, not something that people and ministers should discuss." Reflect Reese's dissatisfaction with Zhao Gao. But Zhao Gao knew Reese like the back of his hand. He compared Reese to Meng Huo. Reese is inferior to Meng Tian. Therefore, Zhao Gao took the opportunity to say: Fu Su is resolute, brave and good at fighting. After he succeeded to the throne, he will definitely appoint Meng Huo as the prime minister, which can capture Reese's feelings at that time. Zhao Gao then threatened that the world was actually in Hu Hai's hands, and the fate of Fu Su, Meng Tian and Reese was in our hands. Seeing that the situation was not good, Reese had to obey Zhao Gao's orders. Hu Hai and Zhao Gao changed Qin Shihuang's letter calling Fu Su to Xianyang to denounce Fu Su's "doing nothing" and "being unfilial" and made him commit suicide. At the same time, he accused Meng Tian of "disloyalty" and made him commit suicide. As a result, Fu Su obediently committed suicide, and Meng Tian refused to commit suicide. Later, he was imprisoned and died of poison.

In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and began to rule more cruelly than Qin Shihuang. The combination of Reese, Hu Hai and Zhao Gao is to make use of each other, so it is natural for them to intrigue with each other later.

Reese is a politician who wants to be famous at all costs. He must be much better than the incompetent Hu Hai. He saw the crisis in the Qin Dynasty, and in order to preserve his vested interests, he dared not persuade Hu Hai. On one occasion, Hu Hai scolded Lisi and said: Han Fei once said that ancient kings were diligent. Does the king rule the world for suffering? This is because they are incompetent. If a saint wins the world, he will be suitable for the world. How can he rule the world if he can't satisfy himself? I want to do whatever I want and rule the world forever. What can you do, Reese? At this time, Li You, the son of Li Si, suppressed the peasant uprising and marched against it. General Zhang Han wanted to hold Li You accountable and laughed at Reese's incompetence. Reese was very afraid. In order to gain the trust of Qin Ershi and Hu Hai, he put forward a set of "art of supervising responsibility".

Li Si said in the book: If the sage can "supervise the responsibility", the princes dare not be king wholeheartedly; Kings, like Yao and Shun, can't practice the art of "supervising responsibility", which is harder than the people, and it is simply miserable.

What is the "art of supervising responsibility"? In fact, it is severe punishment and severe law, and the king is arbitrary. Reese said, "He only knows that the Lord can deeply supervise misdemeanors, and that husband's crimes are light and deep, but is there a felony?" Therefore, people dare not commit crimes. "It is to impose heavy penalties on the lieutenant and the people, so that everyone can't make a move. The monarch should be arbitrary to his subordinates and control his ministers without being influenced by them. Reese believes that only such a monarch can do whatever he wants. If the "art of supervising responsibility" is implemented, ministers and people will not dare to rebel, and the position of the king will be stable.

Li Si's thought of "the art of supervising responsibility" not only praised Qin Ershi, but also inherited the legalist thought. In the letter, he also quoted Shen Buhai and Han Fei many times to prove his point of view. However, Reese is more explicit. Confused and ridiculous, Qin Ershi, despite the resistance of people all over the world, adopted Reese's "art of supervising responsibility". From then on, it was "loyal ministers" who killed many people, and "bright officials" who were cruel, which made the world complain.

Encouraged by Reese and Zhao Gao, Qin Ershi and Hu Hai became more extravagant, corrupt and unruly. In order to suppress the peasant uprising, people were constantly recruited from Guanzhong to fight, which caused great burden to the people. In order to repair Epang Palace, Qin Ershi and Hu Hai levied corvees, pushing the people into the abyss of suffering. At that time, the anti-Qin uprising of the people all over the country was already surging. For the benefit of the ruling class, Reese and Prime Minister Right entered the hospital, and General jie feng advised Qin Ershi Hu Hai to stop building Epang Palace and reduce the corvee. At that time, Qin Ershi was feasting with the ladies-in-waiting. Seeing Reese and others writing letters, he was very angry and ordered them to be arrested and imprisoned. Reese wrote many letters in prison and was detained by Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao took the opportunity to say that Reese and his son Li You conspired to torture Reese and extort a confession by torture. Reese was forced to admit rebellion and was killed in July of the second year of Qin Ershi (208 BC).

The same is true for admonishers to avoid killing Han Fei. .

Reese should belong to the image of both sides.

Sue is the phase of the six countries.

After learning from Guiguzi, Su Qin traveled for several years and achieved nothing, resulting in "his wife can't knit a sweater, his sister-in-law can't cook, and his parents can't talk." Su Qin sighed: "My wife doesn't take me as a husband, my sister-in-law doesn't take me as an uncle, and my parents don't take me as a son. It's really the sin of the Qin Dynasty!" I can't leave the room, but I can read the whole book. When Su Qin studied Taigong's Yin Fu hard, whenever he was sleepy, he stabbed him with a cone. This is the origin of the idiom "stabbing stocks". Su Qin's most brilliant time was to persuade the six monarchs to unite, which was a wonderful rhetoric. So he wore the seals of the six countries and marched into Qin, but he was easily defeated by Qin because of the internal problems of the six countries.

pay off old scores

Wang's mother is a strict wife. Having an affair with Su Qin. King Yan Yi knew about it, but he was nicer to Su Qin. Afraid of being killed, Su Qin advised the Prince of Yan: "I can't improve the status of Yan if I stay in Qi, but I will definitely improve the status of Yan." The prince said, "Let Mr. Wang do everything." So Su Qin pretended to have offended the Prince and fled to Qi. Qi Xuanwang appointed him as a guest.

After Qi Xuanwang's death, Qi Min succeeded to the throne, and many doctors in Qi competed with Su Qin for the favor of the monarch, so they sent someone to assassinate Su Qin. Su Qin didn't die at that time, but escaped with a fatal wound. The king of Qi sent someone to catch the murderer, but he didn't catch him. Su Qin was dying, so he said to the King of Qi, "I'm dying. Please show me in the crowded street and say,' Su Qin made a mess in Qi for Yan'. In doing so, my assassin will be caught. " At this time, the king of Qi did as he said. The murderer of Su Qin, in order to take credit, showed himself automatically, and the King of Qi arrested him and killed him. When the prince heard the news, he said, "Revenge for Mr. Su. It's not worth mentioning that the State of Qi."

Shortly after Su Qin's death, some facts that he destroyed Qi for Yan were leaked.

Zhang yi

Zhang Yi, wei ren, once studied under Guiguzi, and learned how to walk vertically and horizontally. After finishing her studies, Zhang Yi returned to Wei. Because of her poor family background, she turned to Wei Huiwang for help, and went to Chu State to go to Zhaoyang. Zhaoyang led the army to defeat Wei and was overjoyed. He gave Zhaoyang the national treasure "Jade of Harmony". One day, Zhaoyang went out with more than 100 guests. While drinking and having fun, Zhaoyang proudly took out "He Shi Bi" for everyone to enjoy, and this matter was passed around like this. In the end, "He Shibi" unexpectedly disappeared. Everyone felt sorry for Zhang Yi, so they took it away. Zhang Yi didn't take it, but refused to admit it. Zhaoyang tortured a confession, and Zhang Yi was beaten black and blue. He never admits it. Zhaoyang was afraid of his life and had to let him go. Zhang Yi came home and asked his wife, "Is my tongue still there?" When his wife told him that he was still there, Zhang Yi said with a wry smile, "As long as my tongue is there, my capital is there, and I will definitely get ahead." . Half a year later, Zhang Yi's injury healed. They returned to Wei and then to Qin.

Zhu Maichen

This is also a good example. . But there is too much content. .

There is a negative lesson in overemphasizing desire. . .