Talking about growing mushrooms

The key to the success of artificial cultivation of edible fungi is strains, and only excellent strains can achieve high quality and high yield. Lentinus edodes strains are divided into mother species (the original species is called the first-class species), mother species (the second-class species) and cultivated species (the mother species is cultivated for production and is called the third-class species) according to their sources and production purposes.

The cost of directly cultivating mother seeds is high, which requires the equipment and technology to produce mother seeds, and the cost is too high. Self-breeding of original seeds and cultivated seeds can reduce equipment investment and cost and obtain high-quality bacteria sources.

1 original seed production

1. 1 preparation of culture medium

55% of fresh, dry and mildew-free hardwood sawdust, 20% of wheat bran, 20% of cottonseed hull, 3% of corn flour, 2% of gypsum, and the material-water ratio of 1: 1. 1 were evenly stirred and put into a polyethylene seed bag of 15cm× 30cm. Moderate tightness in bagging, less bulk and airtight packaging all affect the quality and output.

1.2 atmospheric steam sterilization

The conditions are met. Sterilize in an autoclave (at 0.0 15 MPa for 2 hours). Generally, normal pressure and high temperature sterilization are used, and a small amount in rural areas can be steamed in a large pot, which requires rapid heating. When the temperature rises to 100℃, keep 12 hours and close the pot for 8 hours. If the effect is not good, fractional sterilization can be used. The material bags were steamed in a steamer at 100℃ for three times, with an interval of 24 hours each time. Although time-consuming and troublesome, the effect is good.

Factory production, using atmospheric steam hood sterilization. Choose two layers of plastic film with high temperature resistance and long service life and one layer of plaid cloth to form a large sealed space. Put 4500 bags in the space at a time. Press the cover tightly with a heavy object to avoid air leakage. Place an exhaust pipe at the bottom of the steam hood and cover the pipe with bricks to avoid the dead angle caused by uneven ventilation. The exhaust pipe is connected with the boiler. When the temperature rises to 100℃, steam for 24 hours and stew for 60 hours. Then transport the sterilized bag to the sterilization room for inoculation.

1.3 Inoculation

Choose a well-ventilated room, put the inoculation hook, shovel and test tube rack into the inoculation box, disinfect the room and inoculation box with Bijieshi or Kemeiling aerosol, and open the window for ventilation after the smoke dissipates naturally 12 hours. Before inoculation, wipe your hands with a towel or cotton ball soaked in 75% alcohol, inoculate tools, light an alcohol lamp to make the flame surround a sterile area, burn the inoculation shovel, hook and the test tube mouth of the mother seed with the flame, cut the mother seed into three sections in the test tube immediately after cooling, untie the bag mouth of the original seed, put in a piece of strain, immediately tighten the bag mouth and act quickly. Label after inoculation, and move the bag with the seeds to a disinfected place.

1.4 mother seed culture

After inoculation, the seed rod is placed in a culture room (incubator) and the room temperature is kept at 23℃ ~ 26℃. Pay attention to ventilation, check frequently, and remove the contaminated bag. After 25 ~ 30 days, the mycelium grows full of bags, which is the original seed.

2 Cultivated variety production

The batching bag and sterilization are basically consistent with the original seed production, and the size is 15cm× 55cm.

2. 1 inoculation

The amount of seeds cultivated is large, and the inoculation place is also large, so the inoculation is carried out in the greenhouse by hanging the inoculation account. Generally, the greenhouse is 90 meters long, with 40,000 to 45,000 bags, which are divided into 10 groups, separated by a long-lived membrane, forming two large spaces (convenient for disinfection and sterilization). Create a compact small space in a large space, the size of which is subject to the release of each package (4 000 ~ 4 500). A small room (outlet) with closed flow is constructed with a long-life membrane. Each group of bags was fumigated and disinfected by Bijie inside and outside the inoculation account, and 1 box was placed in the inoculation account, and 4 boxes were evenly placed outside the account. Sterilize 5 hours before inoculation, ventilate 3 hours later and start inoculation 2 hours later.

Inoculators were divided into 6 groups: 1 person wiped the bag with a towel soaked in 75% alcohol, 2 people used an inoculation cone to evenly pierce three fungus holes in the bag, and 2 people used a blade to cut off the sterilized seed bag (before inoculation, the seed bag was cleaned with 0.2% potassium permanganate or 1% kemeiling aqueous solution), and the strains were broken into conical blocks with suitable size to be inserted into the fungus holes. After inoculation, every two piles were tightly covered and compacted with 0.08 thick film to make strains. Before inoculation, all the above six people changed into sterilized work clothes, masks, disposable gloves and sterilized inoculation tools and worked together on the assembly line.

2.2 Cultivation of Cultivated Varieties

Cultivated species are most susceptible to Trichoderma species. It comes from fungi in the process of culture, and the affected colonies are light green, yellow-green, dark green, blue-green or green, which causes rapid onset and serious harm. Prevention is the main method. Conditions permit variable temperature culture. The suitable temperature for the mycelium germination of Lentinus edodes is 25℃. At 65438 06℃, the growth rate of mycelium is faster than that of Trichoderma silk, and above 25℃, the growth rate of Trichoderma silk is faster than that of Lentinus edodes mycelium. Therefore, after mushroom inoculation, the temperature should be controlled at 65438 06℃, and when the mycelium is full of bags, the temperature should be gradually raised to 25℃, so that miscellaneous bacteria can take advantage of it and avoid harm. If the temperature change cannot be controlled, chemicals can be used to prevent and control it. If the fungus bag is mildewed locally, it should be injected or smeared with 1% kemeiling or 0.5% duofengnong or 0. 1% formaldehyde solution in time. It can also be applied locally with 10% bleaching powder solution. The space in the shed is often sprayed with 0. 1% green Jing Lei or 0. 1% formaldehyde to purify the environment. At the same time, pay attention to the temperature of the shed and crib at any time, and it is advisable to keep it at around 25℃. If it exceeds 30℃, immediately turn over the pile for cooling, let the air circulate and ventilate. After such careful cultivation, white hyphae will be born in 25 ~ 30 days, growing evenly and vigorously, covering the whole bag, which is the cultivated species.