On seasonal agriculture and its characteristics

Scared sting, called Tanabata in ancient times, is the third of the 24 solar terms, marking the beginning of the mid-spring season. When the sun r

On seasonal agriculture and its characteristics

Scared sting, called Tanabata in ancient times, is the third of the 24 solar terms, marking the beginning of the mid-spring season. When the sun reaches the longitude of 345 degrees. "Twenty-four solar terms": "February Festival ... everything is shocked, shocked by thunder, so it is called a thorn. It's a leaving thorn. " Now, I want to tell you about the shocking seasonal agriculture!

Ancient records

Sting, February Festival. "Xia" said: the first month began to stab, and the words made it stab. Everything is shocked, and it is thunder, so it is called shocking. It's a stinger that runs away in fright.

Tao Shihua's Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is about Tao Lihua. Peach, fruit name, red color, is the beginning of the month.

Pale Geng Ming, Geng also made a cup, Huang Li also. The same is true of the so-called' Ming Cang Geng' in the poem. "Zhang Gui Jing" said: Cang, Qing also; Geng, Xinye; It is named after the fresh breath of spring sunshine. It's called Zui, which is called the yellow bird in The Poem, and it's called Dou Su by Qi people, also called yellow robe, and it's called Golden Boy by monks, whose color is black and yellow, also called yellow. As the saying goes, Huang He is a kind of person.

The eagle turned into a dove. Eagles, raptors and harriers. Pigeons, today's cuckoos, are called "Turtle Classics": in mid-spring, when trees are lush and birds' mouths are still soft, they can't catch birds, so they are called pigeons. "Wang Zhi" said that the pigeon became an eagle, and it was also in autumn. The eagle turned into a pigeon, even in spring. It is suffocating with fertility, so raptors feel it and change their ears. Confucius said, "Those who remould themselves will return to the old form." . Therefore, the eagle becomes a pigeon, and the pigeon becomes an eagle. If the vole becomes an owl, the owl will become a vole. If rotten grass is a firefly, catfish is a slug, and Jue is a clam, it will not change and will never be copied.

Husband's ideas are always changing, but they often change, change and change. It lies in things, birds become clams, eagles become pigeons, which should be the result of changes in qi.

Solar term nickname

This solar term is also called "Qixi" in history. "Xia Zheng Xiao" said: "The first month of the month began to sting". In today's China cultural circle, the Japanese still use the name "Kai Zhe".

The sixth generation emperor of Han Jingdi, Han Jingdi, taboo for "Qi", in order to avoid taboo, changed "Qi" to "Jing" with similar meaning. At the same time, the order of Meng Chun's first month's fright and mid-February's spring festival "Rain" was also replaced. Similarly, the order of "Grain Rain" and "Qingming" has been replaced.

Before the early Han Dynasty, beginning of spring-qi stagnation-rain-vernal equinox-Grain Rain-Qingming.

Beginning of spring was replaced by Han Jing-rain-thorn-vernal equinox-Qingming-Grain Rain.

After entering the Tang dynasty, you don't have to avoid the word "qi" and use the name "qi". However, due to some unaccustomed reasons, Dayanli once again used the word "elite", which is still in use today. Like China, Japan used "Jingzhe" in the calendars of past dynasties. Since then, Japan has also adopted Dayan calendar and Xuanming calendar. When changing the calendar to the truth, Japan began to use the name "flag bearer".

Climatic characteristics

"Spring thunder, everything grows long", it is a sunny day in September, the temperature rises, the rain increases, and farmers have no leisure. It can be described as Heshui Zuo's "a thunderbolt startled snakes and insects, and several showers were raining purple. In 1999, the wind in the south of the Yangtze River warmed up and the green fields began to plow in spring. " At this time, the average temperature in most parts of China has risen above 0℃ except the winter scenes in the northeast and northwest. The average daily temperature in North China is 3-6℃, and that in the south of the Yangtze River is above 8℃. The southwest and south China 10- 15℃ are already harmonious spring.

"Spring thunder scares thousands of insects", but the warm climate conditions are conducive to the occurrence and spread of many diseases and insect pests, and weeds in the fields sprout one after another. It is necessary to do a good job in pest control and intertillage weeding in time. "Peach blossoms come, swine fever comes", and we should also pay attention to the epidemic prevention of poultry and livestock. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and spring thunder gradually appeared in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin. In most parts of southern China, the first sound of spring thunder can also be heard in the perennial rain and stormy waves; In the northwest of North China, except for a few years, it usually doesn't thunder until Qingming.

Thorns and thunder are the most striking. For example, "it thundered before the earthquake, and the clouds could not open for forty-nine days." The solar term of fright is in the middle of cold and warm weather. According to the cold and warm weather, there are proverbs to predict the weather in the later period: "Cold fright, warm spring equinox" and so on. The wind with prickly knots is also used as a basis for predicting the weather in the later period. For example, "if you are afraid of the north wind, you will spend the winter from the beginning" and "if you are afraid of the south wind, you will plant seedlings later". Modern meteorological science shows that the occasional thunder before and after the "wake-up" is due to the increase of earth humidity, which leads to the rise of hot air near the surface or the strong and frequent northward movement of hot and humid air. Judging from the natural phenological procedures in various parts of China, due to the large span between north and south, the time when spring thunder begins to ring is different in the morning and evening. Thunder can be heard in southern Yunnan around the end of 1, and the first thunder day in Beijing is in late April. The saying that "thunder begins with you" only conforms to the climate law of the Yangtze River basin.

Phenological characteristics

Phenology peach blossom: peach, fruit name, red color, is the beginning of the month.

Cang Geng's name: Geng, also known as Li, Huang Liye. So is the so-called "open cultivation" in poetry.

"Zhang Gui Jing" said: "Cang, Qing also; Geng, Shinya. Named after the fresh breath of Chunyang. " It is called the most;

The poem says "yellow bird", Qi people call it "dou su" and "yellow robe", and monks call it "son of golden clothes", whose color is black and yellow, also known as "yellow". As the saying goes, "An oriole stays with an oriole", Yinger is a kind of person.

The eagle becomes a dove: the eagle, the stinging bird and the harrier; Pigeons are today's cuckoo.

"Zhang Gui Jing" said: "In mid-spring, the trees are lush, the bird's beak is still soft, you can't catch birds, and you are crazy about hunger, so you call it a pigeon."

Wang Zhi said, "When a dove becomes an eagle, it will also be autumn." The eagle turned into a pigeon, even in spring. It is suffocating with fertility, so raptors feel it and change their ears.

Confucius said, "Those who remould themselves are called old-fashioned." Therefore, the eagle becomes a pigeon, and the pigeon becomes an eagle. If the vole becomes an owl, the owl will become a vole.

If "rotten grass is a firefly", "pheasant is a worm" and "Jue is a clam", they will never reproduce themselves.

Seasonal agriculture

The agricultural proverb "When it comes to thorns, the hoe will not stop." At the moment of shock, most parts of China have entered the busy season of spring ploughing. Really: the season waits for no one, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars. In most areas, the average temperature of scary solar terms is generally 12℃ to 14℃, which is more than 3℃ higher than rainy solar terms, and it is the solar term with the fastest annual warming. The sunshine time has also increased significantly. However, due to the alternation of cold and warm air, the weather is unstable and the temperature fluctuates greatly. In the Yangtze River valley area in the southeast of South China, the cold season temperature is stable above 65438 02℃ in most years, which is beneficial to the sowing of rice and corn. The average daily temperature in other areas is lower than 12℃ for more than three consecutive days, so it is not allowed to sow blindly early. Although the temperature rises rapidly, the increase of rainfall is limited. The total rainfall in central and northwest South China is only about 10 mm, and spring drought often begins after winter drought all the year round. At this time, the booting stage of wheat and flowering stage of rape are in a period of high water demand and are sensitive to water demand. Spring drought often becomes an important factor affecting the output of Koharu. Afforestation should also consider this climate feature, plant logistics and water, and strive to improve the survival rate of saplings.

Important significance

Frightening solar terms are of great significance in busy farming. Since ancient times, the working people in our country have attached great importance to the solar term of fright and regarded it as the day when spring ploughing began. There is a saying in Tang poetry: "A light rain brings new flowers, and a thunder begins." Tian Jia had a few days off, so he began to farm. Agricultural proverbs also say, "Spring ploughing can't stop, after the Scare Festival", "Let a hundred flowers blossom and farm work come together." Winter wheat in North China began to turn green, and the soil was still frozen and thawed alternately. Raking the ground in time is an important measure to reduce water evaporation. "Shocking without harrowing is like steaming steamed bread", which is a valuable experience for local people to fight drought and conserve moisture. Wheat in the south of the Yangtze River has been jointing and rape has begun to blossom. There is a high demand for water and fertilizer, so topdressing should be done in time, and proper irrigation should be done in dry and rainy places. Rain in the south can generally meet the needs of vegetables, wheat and green manure crops in spring, and it is most important to prevent wet damage. As the saying goes, "It's better to dump manure than to plow wheat with three pipes" and "If you want to harvest rapeseed, you must manage plowing diligently". We should continue to do a good job in ditch cleaning and drainage. We should pay close attention to sowing early rice in South China, and at the same time do a good job in cold prevention in rice fields. As the temperature rises, tea trees gradually germinate, so it is necessary to prune and apply "germination accelerating fertilizer" in time to promote more branches and leaves and increase tea yield. Fruit trees such as peaches, pears and apples should be fertilized before flowering.

Fruit tree management

After the shock, the climate gradually warmed up and everything began to recover. It is the flowering and budding period of deciduous fruit trees such as pears, peaches and plums, and the pre-germination period of evergreen fruit trees such as oranges and bayberries. It is also a very important period in the annual cycle management of orchards. Production management should do the following:

Pay attention to the removal of overwintering pathogens and overwintering pests. First, clear the dead branches, leaves, dead fruits and weeds in the garden as soon as possible and burn them centrally; The second is to clean and scrape off the rough scars on the branches, and then apply the wound with Baijundi 1 ~ 10 times solution after treatment; Third, before topping, spray a mixture of stone and sulfur in the whole garden on sunny days. Deciduous fruit trees can be replaced with 20 times of crystal stone sulfur mixture when the plum is 3 ~ 5 degrees, and evergreen fruit trees can be replaced with 1 degree plum and 100 times of crystal stone sulfur mixture.

Urea and organic fertilizer are mainly used to strengthen fertilization before germination. Pear, peach, plum and other plants are applied with 2.5 ~ 5 kg of organic compound fertilizer and 0. 1 ~ 0.2 kg of urea, and then covered with soil. Spraying organic liquid fertilizer at the leaf spreading stage and bud stage of new shoots respectively; Pear, peach, plum, etc. Spraying with "Guoduo" with 90 kg water per bag in bud stage and 45 kg water per bag after flowering.

Rational use of drugs, timely chemical control of pear bud stage, after flowering of peach and plum, 2.5% chlorpyrifos 1000 times 40% chlorpyrifos 1000 times 80% fruit fungus Sujing 800 times liquid pear plus 20% triadimefon EC 2000 times or 20% pink rust star 1500 times.

Sparse flowers or inflorescences in time in bud stage, first weaken inflorescences, then leave 1 inflorescence every 5 ~ 10 cm as needed, all the others are sparse except flower buds, and each inflorescence with good pollination conditions leaves half a left and right flower bud, and the central flower bud is sparse; Peach and plum should also strengthen the work of thinning flowers and fruits.

Vegetable management

Cultivation and Management of Vegetable Crops in Protected Field The management of overwintering cucumber, zucchini, tomato and pepper cultivated in energy-saving solar greenhouse should increase ground temperature, increase air permeability and promote the growth of new roots through intertillage and hoeing. In management, foliar topdressing should be combined with disease prevention, and crops with frozen damage or weak roots should be replaced as soon as possible to improve spring yield.

Do a good job in pest control. Due to the low temperature and cloudy days, gray mold, leaf mold, downy mildew, early blight, late blight and root rot are more common. It is necessary to spray all kinds of fungicides in time to prevent the spread of germs from causing greater harm.

Animal husbandry management

After the shock, the temperature began to rise and the rainfall increased. At this time, grass began to grow in the field, and green manure, red flowers and yellow flowers grew vigorously, providing green feed for herbivorous livestock. During this period, the focus of livestock and poultry is to do a good job of feeding cattle and promoting fattening, and we must pay close attention to spring prevention, spring matching and disease prevention of livestock. Generally, cattle are nourished half a month to one month before spring ploughing.

Spring is also the breeding season for cows. In order to seize the opportunity to do a good job in spring breeding, we should properly strengthen the management of breeding bulls and cows.

Pigs should focus on the prevention and injection of swine fever in spring and the "No.5 disease" of livestock, and at the same time prevent pigs from catching a cold and having a fever.

Spring is the golden season for raising rabbits, so we should pay special attention to the spring breeding of long-haired rabbits and meat rabbits. It is necessary to breed in time.

Chicken farmers, in early spring and March, the weather is changeable, so they need to raise chicks in film insulation rooms to improve the survival rate.

To prevent mildew in feed, mildew inhibitors should be added to the diet, and at the same time, abortion of pregnant animals should be prevented.

Prevention of coccidiosis and influenza in rabbits and poultry.