How to guide students' autonomous learning and self-management

Skills of guiding students to learn independently and manage themselves:

First, cultivate interest and establish good study habits

Ye Shengtao has repeatedly emphasized the role of habits in learning, holding that "education is to cultivate habits" and advocated that "teachers should teach, not give them all, but induce them by cameras", that is, "autonomous learning". Good study habits are an important factor for students' progress and growth, and habits are gradually formed and cultivated in the process of life and education. To let students learn independently, they must first cultivate their interest in learning. We have all had the experience that time flies and is pleasant when we work until we forget ourselves. Mihaly, head of the Cultural Research Group of the Media Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, mentioned that if people have experienced the taste of forgetting themselves for interest since childhood, they will feel happy and have been actively looking for this kind of fun. Therefore, if we can let children start from hobbies, such as letting children who like to solve math problems do more challenging problems; Encourage children who like writing to contribute actively after school. This can stimulate their spirit of selflessness and conquest, and over time, they will take the initiative to appreciate this feeling. Another example is to connect some formulas and knowledge with things in life, so that they feel familiar and intimate; Avoid impetuousness and guide them to see its true connotation through the superficial knowledge. When they really think and solve the problem through their own efforts, when they have a sense of accomplishment, they will feel the joy of learning. In this process, teachers need to give children timely and appropriate appreciation. In addition, don't pay too much attention to academic performance. As long as he works hard, don't blame him even if his performance is not ideal. You might as well kindly say to him, "The teacher is looking forward to your next performance." Their self-growth is accomplished in such encouragement and expectation. Cultivating interest means cultivating in participation and improving in success. Therefore, teachers should respect students' individuality according to their different interests and hobbies, and encourage them to succeed and be different every time. If you are "happy in your heart", it will inevitably arouse students' great interest in learning, and then they can fully and comprehensively study independently.

second, create a relaxed and independent learning environment and establish an equal and interactive teacher-student relationship.

Teachers' attitude and management style should help to form a safe and warm psychological environment. Respect every student, pay attention to every request and question they put forward, and help and guide them in time. I think only respect can be equal and harmony can be relaxed. Only in a relaxed, independent, cheerful and cooperative atmosphere can students' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity be greatly mobilized. In a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere, students are willing to think, explore problems and dare to express their ideas. A democratic, equal and harmonious classroom learning environment is the premise for students to dare to study independently and fully display their personality. Therefore, in classroom teaching, teachers should not only use the information transmission of knowledge, but also use the communication of emotional information such as caring eyes, kind words, humorous language and clever scenes to establish an equal and interactive relationship between teachers and students, so that students can dare to speak, think, do and ask in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere, providing students with the space to dare to learn independently and laying the foundation for their "autonomous learning".

In addition, I think teachers should not only be teachers who teach students 1+1=2, but should be thoughtful teachers, not only knowing what to teach, but also knowing how to teach and why to teach. Teachers should not only be "speakers" and "always correct guides", nor are they lofty experts, but students' learning friends and guides, and they should respect students' dominant position in learning. To be students' learning friends and guides requires teachers to truly grasp the characteristics, key points and difficulties of subject teaching and learning, grasp students' learning situation, integrate knowledge, and then explore learning with students. At the same time, teachers must change their roles, so that students can actively acquire knowledge. In this kind of classroom teaching, students are always a discoverer, researcher and operator, which realizes the fundamental transformation of teachers' roles to organizers, guides, participants and collaborators of activities. Based on the all-round development of students, we should establish students' dominant position in the process of learning activities, accurately grasp teachers' "role" in mathematics activities, and put teachers in a correct position in teaching activities.

For example, Confucius said, "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't worry, don't be angry. For example, if you don't take three corners against each other, you will never be there again. "Here Confucius introduced his experience in education. He didn't think that a teacher could have a good teaching effect by instilling knowledge into students in one fell swoop, but felt that the key was how to inspire students to think and ponder for themselves. Instead of asking teachers to draw inferences from others and make repeated arrangements for students, they inspire students to draw inferences from others and draw inferences from others. To do this, we must adhere to a principle: don't tell students the answers easily, don't think too much for them, and don't instill standard answers in them. I think this is worthy of our teachers' thinking and reference in teaching today. If you simply instill ready-made answers into students during lectures, students often only know what it is and don't know why, and they will even lack the ability to use it flexibly and think independently. Smart teachers often start with asking questions or playing games when teaching new lessons to students, which can easily concentrate students' thoughts on the one hand and inspire them on the other. It is an active, independent and metacognitive learning, which is in line with the new educational concept of changing students' learning methods and adopting autonomous learning advocated by the new curriculum standards. In the process of students' autonomous learning, teachers, as organizers and instructors of students' learning activities, should adopt effective ways and methods to arouse students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning and guide them to be masters of their own learning. Only in this way can they make greater progress and growth.

Third, use multilateral interaction to make students become the masters of learning.

Modern teaching advocates multilateral interaction between teachers and students and between students. I think the following methods might as well be tried:

1. Let children define their own learning goals and ways to achieve them.

Michelle Whitney, a doctor of clinical psychology in the United States, suggested in "Children, you are enlightened" that children should think about long-term and short-term goals and try to make their own plans. However, Whitney suggested that children can decide when to implement or terminate the plan. Of course, parents should restrain their children's plans and add some terms, such as going home on time every day, doing homework first, and not being distracted when studying. "The plan itself does not necessarily allow children to achieve a certain goal, but depends on whether they can successfully follow the plan and stick to it." Whitney said that if you persist, children will feel that the initiative of learning is in their own hands, and let them see that they have the ability and confidence to achieve their goals, which will stimulate the initiative of spontaneous learning.

2. Understand children's strengths and weaknesses

If children are not good at math, but good at Chinese, teachers should not force them to learn both subjects well, but should hold the idea that "the advantages are better, and the weak grades are just good". Just as a teacher in order to encourage those children with artistic expertise to feel loved and trusted positively, he hung pictures of these children at home to give them a sense of accomplishment. At the same time, the teacher often praises these children for their future success in painting. This will enable children to give full play to their advantages more actively. In addition, they will not allow their weaknesses to be too bad, and they will also study hard in other subjects.

3. Let autonomous learning become the driving force of children's learning, which also requires parents' cooperation.

I think some parents' behavior of taking their place when their children are young makes them lose their interest and motivation in autonomous learning. Parents' care for their children is understandable, but it must not be overdone. Parents are advised to do three things: first, let children complete their homework on their own and inspire them to understand the true happiness of learning; Second, correct children's learning attitude and let them know that learning is their own responsibility, and they should learn from teachers and books, and parents are irreplaceable; Third, encourage children to learn to suffer hardships. No matter how late the homework is done, encourage them to study it by themselves. If they still don't understand it after repeated thinking, parents may wish to give their children some inspiration or encourage them to discuss it with their classmates.

In the process of students' autonomous learning, teachers should become an organizer and guide, and guide students' autonomous learning correctly and timely, so that students' autonomous learning is no longer just a unilateral matter for students, but a bridge and link for teachers and students to interact. As long as teachers can treat every fault of students with a tolerant attitude; Waiting for students' progress with anticipation; Pay attention to every bright spot of students with appreciation; Praise students' every success with joy, and design every classroom teaching link with scientific research, and students' conscious and active learning will be gradually realized.