Describe important classical Chinese

1. On the importance of reading ancient prose.

xunzi

Mr. Wang said: I can't learn.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. The wood is straight in the rope, thinking it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge; Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.

Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.

Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.

The teacher said

Han Yu

? Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

? Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools; That's why saints are holy and fools are stupid! Love your son and choose a teacher to teach him. If you are in his body, you will feel ashamed and confused for your teacher! The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are not ashamed and learn from each other; The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and gentlemen are dismissive. Today, its wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "If you have three friends, you must have a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. There is a sequence of knowledge, and there is specialization in the industry, that's all.

Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and six arts. He knows everything and studies in his spare time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

The full text of Preface to Sending Ma Sheng out of Dongyang

Original text:

I liked studying when I was young. If the family is poor, there will be no books to read. Every time I borrow it from the bookstore, I will record it myself and count the days. It's cold, the ice is solid, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy. I sent it away after recording, and I dare not cancel my appointment. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. He also suffers from celebrities and tourists who have no owners. He tastes and asks questions hundreds of miles away from his hometown. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. In the meantime, I have no desire for beauty. I don't know if my mouth and body are not as good as people. Gaiyu works hard.

Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials are obliged to sell them every day, and their parents have Qiu Ge's 20-year-old legacy, so there is no danger of freezing and embarrassment; Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?

Dongyang Ma Shengjun was in imperial academy for two years, and the younger generation called him a sage. A fellow villager was born in the capital of the Yu Dynasty. I wrote a long book and thought it was a good speech. Debate with it and make peace with it. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study. He is a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies.

2. Appreciation of Ancient Poetry in Junior High School Six Questions China is a country of poetry. Classical poetry, represented by Tang poetry and Song poetry, has high artistic achievements and aesthetic value, and appreciation of ancient poetry has increasingly become an important part of the senior high school entrance examination questions.

Looking at the last question of poetry appreciation in the 2007 senior high school entrance examination, we can appreciate it from the following six aspects. I. Perceiving Emotional Heat Index (In 2007, more than 0/0 papers in Jiangxi, Yunnan, Meizhou, Guangdong and Jiaxing, Zhejiang were designed with this kind of questions. )

Reproduction of Senior High School Entrance Examination (Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 2007) Read "Interaction with Friends in the Mountain" and answer questions. Drinking with friends in the mountains ⊙ Li Bai and I met for a drink.

I want to sleep when I am drunk. You can leave yourself. If not, take the violin in the morning. The last question: "I am drunk and want to sleep, and the Ming Dynasty intends to hold the piano" expresses the poet's mood. Poetry with skill is the most suitable literary genre for lyricism, so it is very important to understand the thoughts and feelings of a poem.

Accordingly, it is not difficult for us to understand why this test center has the highest heat index. So, how do we grasp the emotion of poetry? One is that people who know "poetry" pay more attention to the poet's life experience in reading; The second is to understand with the help of poetic images; The third is to pay attention to the notes after the question and the tips of the stem.

The reference answer expresses the poet's love for free life and the deep affection between friends. Second, the comprehensive detection of heat index (in 2007, there were 10 test papers in Tengzhou, Jining, Shenyang, Liaoning, Wuxi, Jiangsu and other places in Shandong to design such questions. )

Reproduction of Senior High School Entrance Examination (Tengzhou, Shandong Province, 2007) Read the following poems and complete the following questions. Xue Mei ⊙ Lu Meipo Xue Mei refused to surrender for the sake of spring, and the poet stopped to comment on the chapter.

The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a kind of plum fragrance. Last question: What is the writing method of this poem? What kind of philosophy is involved? Many times, the proposer often designs a comprehensive topic at the last question.

This kind of topic is difficult at first glance, but it will be easy to analyze it carefully. It's just a synthesis on the basis of previous classification.

Refer to the answer and use the method (or analogy) to express your wishes; A person should see his own strengths, but he should also see the strengths of others, and he should also see where he is inferior to others. 3. Appreciation and evaluation heat index (in 2007, the test papers in Henan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, Taizhou, Jiangsu, Binzhou, Shandong and other places designed such topics. )

Reproduction of Senior High School Entrance Examination (Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 2007) Read the following ancient poem and answer the following questions. Song of Lanxi ⊙ Dai Shulun's cool moon hangs like an eyebrow in Liuwan, and the Zhongshan color mirror becomes clearer and clearer.

Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight. The last topic: "Carp coming to the beach in the middle of the night" is extremely exciting and vivid, creating a beautiful and vivid artistic conception, which is the crowning touch of the whole poem.

Please give a brief evaluation. This is a difficult question, but it is very popular with proposers.

Most of these questions are open questions, and the answers do not require unity. Students should master the common angles of appreciation and evaluation: they can point out the characteristics of scenery writing (such as the color of scenery, the combination of close-range and distant view, etc.). ) or rhetorical devices (such as antithesis, metaphor, etc. ) or the vivid image of the text, and tell its aesthetic feeling and expression effect.

The fish grabbed the spring water and rushed to the creek beach, jumping. Seeing this scene makes people feel happy. Fourth, analyze the skill-based heat index (in 2007, there were test papers designed in Henan non-curriculum reform area, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Anyue, Sichuan, Guangzhou, Guangdong and other places. )

Reproduction of senior high school entrance examination (Henan (non-curriculum reform area) in 2007 read the following poems and complete the following questions. Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake ⊙ Baijuyi Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water level was low at first.

Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.

I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar. The last question: The words "several places" and "whose family" in the second couplet of poetry are used exquisitely, but "everywhere" and "every family" have no such effect.

Contact the whole poem to say the reason. It can almost be said that writing skills (artistic techniques) are one of the compulsory contents in poetry appreciation, and they are rarely absent from the feast.

This kind of questions involves a wide range, such as: text tempering, poetry eye search, contrast technique, symbol technique, combination of reality and reality, combination of static and dynamic, etc. Reference to the answer "whose home" takes care of "early warblers" and "new swallows" shows that there are few early warblers and few new swallows, which expresses the characteristics of Qiantang Lake in early spring and the author's joy.

If you change it to "everywhere" and "every household", there will be no such expression effect. V. Picture-based heat index (In 2007, there were papers designed for this kind of questions in Huanggang, Tongren, Guizhou, Neijiang, Sichuan and Yancheng, Jiangsu. )

Reproduction of Senior High School Entrance Examination (Yancheng, Jiangsu, 2007) Read the following ancient poems and complete the following questions. Xijiangyue ⊙ Xin Qiji's bright moon surprises magpies, and the breeze chirps at midnight.

The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.

In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to Xitou. Last question: What kind of picture does the next fragment of the word show people? Try to describe it in simple and beautiful language.

In the usual reading activities, we should learn to use our imagination to appreciate and taste every poem, and consciously mobilize our imagination. If you appreciate Wang Wei's "Lonely Smoke in the Desert, Long River Falling in the Yen", you can close your eyes and imagine such a picture: on the vast Gobi Desert, the smoke from cooking stoves rises alone; On the rushing Yellow River, a touch of sunset hangs.

Dark clouds suddenly rose, the moonlight disappeared, only a few dim stars were left on the horizon, the fields became dark, and gradually, it began to rain. The poet knew that the shower was coming and wanted to find a shelter from the rain. Coincidentally, the Maodian I met in those years is still on the edge of the social forest. How happy the poet is at this time! Sixth, the poetic understanding heat index (in 2007, there were papers designed in Lishui, Zhejiang, Wuzhou, Guangxi, Leshan, Sichuan and other places. )

Reproduction of Senior High School Entrance Examination (Lishui, Zhejiang, 2007) Read the following ancient poems and complete the following questions. Zhuzhici ⊙ Liu Yangliuqing, listening to the songs on the Langjiang River.

Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny. Last question: three or four sentences in the poem are puns, which are very clear, and the sky is high and the clouds are light.