Composition: Zhu Xi, my favorite historical figure, how should I write about it, why do I like him, and what is worth learning about him? 300 words, thank you

Personally, I don’t like Zhu Xi. To put it bluntly, Confucianism was completely positioned as conservative and closed-minded. It started from him. It can be said that he was a turning point. After him, China no longer existed. When the world became powerful, all kinds of ideas and inventions were suppressed;

The following is the information I found about him, and it can be used as an essay if I can revise it;

Zhu Xi’s long-term lecture activities , carefully compiled various teaching materials such as "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" and trained many talents. His educational thoughts are extensive and profound. Among them, the most noteworthy ones are his discussion of "primary school" and "university" education, and the second one about "Zhu Xi's reading method".

Discussing education

On the basis of summarizing the educational experience of predecessors and his own educational practice, Zhu Xi divided a person's education into " "Primary school" and "university" are two distinct but related stages, and they propose different educational tasks, contents and methods. Zhu Xi believes that the age of 8 to 15 is the primary education stage, and its task is to cultivate "sages and sages." In view of the fact that primary school children are "undeveloped intellectually" and have weak thinking ability, he proposed that the content of primary school education is "learning things" and advocated that children should understand basic ethics and moral norms and develop certain moral standards through concrete actions in daily life. Behavioral habits and learn preliminary cultural knowledge and skills. In terms of educational methods, Zhu Xi emphasized the importance of prioritizing teaching and early teaching; striving to be vivid, vivid and able to stimulate interest; and cultivating children's moral behavior habits in the form of "Instructions" and "School Rules". Zhu Xi believes that the task of university education after the age of 15 is to "add polish" on the basis of "raw materials" to train them into the talents needed by the country. Zhu Xi believes that unlike primary school education, which focuses on "teaching things," the content of university education focuses on "doctrine," that is, it focuses on exploring "why things are the way they are." Regarding university education methods, Zhu Xi firstly valued self-study, and secondly advocated mutual exchanges between different academic viewpoints. Zhu Xi's opinions on primary school and university education added fresh content to ancient Chinese educational thought.

Zhu Xi's method of reading

The six principles of "Zhu Xi's method of reading" are to proceed step by step, read carefully, think deeply, be open-minded, observe oneself, work hard, and be respectful and persistent. This

Zhu Xi's album of poems on filial piety was inscribed to his disciple Yan Zhongyan.

It is a concentrated summary of Zhu Xi's calligraphy method made by Zhu Xi's disciples. The step-by-step approach has three meanings: first, reading should be done in a certain order and not backwards and forwards; second, "do what you can and stick to it"; third, don't swallow it all and rush for success. Reading well and thinking well means reading well and reciting it well, but also being good at thinking. The "humbly" in "humbly" refers to chewing over and over again and pondering carefully when reading. Personal observation emphasizes that reading must be reflected in one's own actual actions and must be practiced. Working hard has two meanings: first, you must seize the time when reading, forget to eat with enthusiasm, and oppose leisurely; second, you must be energetic and vigorous, and oppose laxity. The word "Ju Jing" in Ju Jing's aspiration emphasizes that reading requires concentration and high concentration. The so-called "persistence of ambition" means to establish lofty ambitions and stick to them for a long time with tenacious perseverance. "Zhu Xi's Reading Method" reflects the research results of ancient Chinese reading methods in a relatively concentrated way, and there are many reasonable contents in it that are worthy of our reference.

His theory was opposed by the Ming Dynasty sage Wang Shouren and other spiritualists. They believe that people should have desires, and desires should be in "reason". "Preserving natural principles and destroying human desires" should be done to achieve good (conscience).

Personal works

"Original Meaning of the Book of Changes", "Enlightenment", "Examination of Mistakes in the Gua Gua", "Collected Poems", "The Doctrine of the Doctrine", "Four Books or Questions", "Analects of Confucius", "Collected Annotations of Mencius" "Explanation of Tai Chi Diagram", "Interpretation of Tongshu", "Interpretation of Western Inscriptions", "Annotation and Correction of Chu Ci", "Testuating Differences in Korean", "Testing Differences with Reference to Similarities", "Compilation of Doctrine of the Mean", "Mistakes in Publication of Filial Piety", "Primary School Book" " "Tongjian Compendium", "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Song Dynasty", "Family Rites", "Records of Recent Thoughts", "Posthumous Letters of the Cheng Family in Henan", "Records of the Origin of Yiluo", etc.

There are one hundred volumes of "Collected Works", eleven volumes of "Sequel", ten volumes of "Part Collection", and one hundred and forty volumes of "Zhu Xi Yu Lei" compiled by Lin Ren.

In China's Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, marking the more complete ideology of feudal society. In the second year of Emperor Qing's reign (1313) of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination was resumed, and the imperial edict decided to use Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" to test the scholars. Zhu Xuesui became a powerful spiritual pillar in consolidating the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthens the "three cardinal principles and five constant principles". Zhu Xi's academic thoughts also have an important influence in the history of world culture. Zhu Xi's main philosophical works include "Collected Commentary on the Four Books", "The Four Books or Questions", "Explanation of Tai Chi Diagram", "Interpretation of Tongshu", "Interpretation of Western Inscriptions", "Original Meaning of Zhouyi", "Enlightenment of Yi Studies", etc. In addition, there is "Zhu Xi Yu Lei", which is a collection of questions and answers between him and his disciples.

As a famous Neo-Confucian scholar of his generation, Zhu Xi wrote many works, mainly including Annotations on Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books, Annotations on Songs of Chu, and The Complete Works of Zhu Zi and Quotations of Zhu Zi compiled by his disciples.

Portraits of Zhu Xi (12 photos)

Zhu Xi was the master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. He inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the system of objective idealism. Although Zhu Xi believed that "the laws of nature are righteousness and human desires are interests," he was not opposed to utilitarianism. His basic attitude was the same as that of Confucius, which was to value righteousness over profit and put public interest first. He hoped that people would "think of righteousness when they see benefit", and even "Sacrifice yourself for justice." It also developed Mencius' thoughts and called "clearing human relations" as "clarifying principles and principles to cultivate one's body" and then achieving "cultivation of one's morality, ordering one's family, governing the country and bringing peace to the world". He also said: "Those who eat and drink are governed by heaven's laws. They require delicious food and humans desire it." [19] He recognized people's legitimate desires for material life, and opposed Buddhism's general and unrestricted advocacy of desire-free thought. He opposed material desires that exceeded the conditions for continued survival, and even more opposed to squandering and extravagant desires.

Zhu Xi was knowledgeable and studied classics, history, literature, music, Buddhism, Huang Lao's art and even natural science, and finally achieved success in Confucianism. He does not believe in ghosts and gods, nor does he believe that everything in the world is dominated by ghosts and gods, nor does he believe that there is a certain destiny. He believes that everything is human-made, and there is nothing that no one can do. This is very rare among ancient Chinese literati. His poetic and literary works have clear language and handsome style, without being rich or full of allusions. His teachings have not only become China's traditional Chinese culture, but have also been spread to Japan, Korea and other Southeast Asian countries since the fourteenth century. The Lee Dynasty of Korea highly respected Zhu Xi's teachings, while Japan has adopted Zhu Xi's teachings as official scholarship since the Tokugawa Shogunate era. His teachings had a great influence on the historical development of my country's feudal society, so much so that the later Emperor Kangxi called Zhu Xi: "the culmination of thousands of years of unparalleled learning, the enlightenment of ignorance and the establishment of a destined destination for hundreds of millions of generations."

You can just copy a few paragraphs. In my opinion, this guy is a sinner of China