On Du Fu's Poetic Images

1. The image of the cuckoo The cuckoo's body is dark gray, with white spots on its tail and black stripes on its abdomen. In late spring and early summer, it often sings around the clock. It is a beautiful, lovely, spiritual and magical bird. Rhododendron is also called Du Yu, Bugu, Zigui, Shu Bird. The image of cuckoo has been sung by literati since ancient times, and there are countless poems about it, which are rich in cultural implications.

First, set off the feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring

Su Shi's "Huanxi Sand": "There is no mud in the sand road between the pines, and there is rain in the dusk." The sandy road between the pine forests is clean and tidy, and the misty dusk rain and cuckoo's cry are echoing. Although the author was demoted to Huangzhou, he learned the joy of life from the natural scenery, and the cuckoo here set off the author's feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring. From the scene to the emotion, the author contradicts the passage of time that people often sigh, which leads to the philosophy of "Don't send white-haired people to black-haired people, sing yellow chickens" and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of being broad-minded and unshakable in adversity. "Take off your saddle and rest at Qingyang Bridge, and Du Yu will sound spring dawn." (Su Shi's Xijiang Moon) "I am afraid that the sound of rules will spread to my ears and I am ashamed to wear the curtain of Shuang Yan." (Zhu's "Wounded Spring") "Du Yuchun is exhausted and the curtain is empty." (Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions and Peach Blossom Garden") "The cuckoo is silent at dusk, and the lotus hoe returns to cover the heavy door." (Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions Buries Flowers"), they all use cuckoos to set off the feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring.

Second, express homesickness and missing.

Missing hometown and relatives has always been a major theme in literary works. There is a saying in Huayang Guozhi: "Zi Gui is shrill and sharp, and it is the easiest to remind people not to hate homesickness." The cuckoo's song sounds like people are saying, "Let's go home." Therefore, Zigui bird is also called homesickness and urging home, which is easy to cause homesickness and missing relatives.

"Huayang has landed, and Wendaolong has passed the five streams." (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln with this message") begins with a sentence, writing the scene in front of him, conveying feelings of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery, and conveying infinite thoughts and deep sympathy for friends with twists and turns.

Another example is Wang Wei's "Bao Zizhou makes Li": "Wanhe trees reach the sky, and thousands of peaks cuckoos crow."

Huang Tingjian's "Drunken Penglai": "Du Yusheng reminds people, it is better to return."

Liu Yong's An Gongzi: "Listen to Du Yu's words, it is better to persuade people to go home." All of the above are homesickness.

Third, pour out grief and sadness.

Du Yu, also known as Wang Di, is said to be the King of Shu at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, who abdicated and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Unfortunately, the country died, and the soul became a cuckoo after death. Every year at the end of spring, when the azalea blooms, it sings day and night, lamenting the drop of blood in its mouth. Its voice is sad, so people use it to pour out their sorrow and sadness.

"What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo bleeds, the ape whimpers. " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) Bai Juyi was banished to Jiangzhou, and he was sent to Fujian on a moonlit night. The poet was very sad when he heard the story that the pipa girl was abandoned. Then he contacted himself, and now he is a sick exile here in Jiujiang, suffering from bitter bamboo around the house, and hearing the cuckoo crow at night makes him sad.

Li Shangyin's "Jinse" includes: "Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and the emperor was in love with the cuckoo." The poet skillfully used the above allusions to write his own sadness incisively and vividly.

Fourth, the feeling of steep national subjugation.

There is a saying in Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu": "jathyapple, we have heard the melancholy voice of Du Fu and are worried about an empty mountain." Poets express their feelings with scenery. "Zigui cries for the moon" is a natural scene with strong feelings, which sets off the bleak atmosphere here and renders the bleak and magnificent scene of worrying about ancient trees in Shu Road, becoming a famous sentence throughout the ages and widely circulated.

Li Yu's "Linjiang Fairy" contains: "Zi Gui cries at the west of Xiaoyue Building, the jade hook curtain hangs, and the melancholy smoke hangs." Sub-regulation is said to have been transformed by Du Yu's soul of national subjugation, so people often use it to express the sadness of national subjugation. Here, the poet had a premonition of national subjugation, and his heart was extremely sad and melancholy, so he used the vivid image of devil to convey the voice of national subjugation.

In a word, the ancients used the image of the cuckoo as a medium to express the poet's specific ideological content, which greatly enriched the meaning of ancient poetry and let us enjoy a colorful picture.

2. How to write and interpret the cuckoo images in ancient poems, also known as Du Yu, Wang Di, Zigui and Bugu? In ancient mythology, Du Yu, the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo.

So the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness, which is often associated with bitterness. Because crying seems to be "not as good as going home", it is often used to express feelings of missing hometown and expressing sadness without hatred; Borrow the image of cuckoo weeping blood to express the loyalty and patriotism of worrying about the country and the people; With the cuckoo's cry, the flowers in spring have fallen, and the poet also regrets the appearance of cuckoo, the flowers have fallen and the spring has gone.

Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan: "Du Fu is worried about the empty mountain on a moonlit night" Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip: "Du Fu cries for snow and apes cry." Du Fu's sad cry always touches the poet's sadness.

Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiao Yao to have this letter" "When flowers bloom and fall, they all cry, and Wendao Longdu crosses five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. "

Writing sentences is the scene of the eyes. In the bleak and desolate natural scenery, I feel sad to leave.

Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of sending affection to the bright moon.

3. Can you provide the image of poetry? Song Meizhu chrysanthemum is noble and pure, and the bright moon is used to send geese to send homesickness.

The cuckoo partridge cries sadly, and the buttonwood leaves fall sadly. When I left the pavilion, Liu Yiyi emerged from the water, and sadness spread.

Crows and swallows rise and fall, and plants are still moving. 1, "Song Meizhu Chrysanthemum" is noble: Song Meizhu Chrysanthemum is the embodiment of noble character and not afraid of evil. The ancients often used these four images to express noble sentiments.

There is a saying in Serina Liu's "Give it to a Brother": "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." Wang Ji's "Zhu Yong" said: "Cold in old age is different, different from ordinary vegetation."

Yuan Zhen's poem "Chrysanthemum" has a cloud: "It's not that chrysanthemum is favored among flowers, but that this flower has no flowers." There are also many poems about Mei, such as "It is not snow from a distance, because there is a delicate fragrance."

"Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains." In 2004, I visited Su Shi's red plum in Beijing, showing the noble character that red plum is not afraid of the cold and does not compete with peaches and apricots for spring.

2. Sending a "wild goose" with the moon in the sky often arouses the homesickness of wanderers and arouses the poet's longing for the future. For example, in Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking, I looked up and found that it was moonlight and sank back. I suddenly remembered my home, Du Fu's Moonlight Remembers My Brothers. He knew that the dew would be frost tonight and the moonlight at home was so bright! And Su Shi's "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs" all express the poet's feelings. Wild geese are a kind of migratory birds, and ancient poems are often written in the homesickness of foreign travelers when they see wild geese flying south.

In 2004, the poem published in the language volume of Hubei College Entrance Examination was Wang Wan's "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain". The last two sentences of this poem say, "I can finally send my emissary? Geese, return to Luoyang. "

Only when a poet wanders can he return to his hometown. Even the poets on the boat are not clear, so we have to hope that the geese in the north will send books for themselves in the spring. The image of returning geese shows the author's homesickness.

3. "Du Fu" and "Partridge" cried Du Fu, also known as Devil Poetry and Tu Yu Poetry. In ancient mythology, Du Yu, the king of Shu (that is, Wang Di), lived in seclusion in the mountains after giving way to his courtiers, and his soul turned into Du Fu after his death, calling Du Fu's cry "It is better to go home", so Du Fu in ancient poetry became a symbol of desolation and desolation. In 2004, Yan's "Partridge Sky" was the title of appreciation of the two volumes of poems in the national credentials: Partridge Sky, Yan Shilitai leaning against the green, cuckoo singing in the depths of a hundred flowers.

Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day.

It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?

Question: Why does the author use this word to describe the cuckoo's cry? The answer to this question should start with the cuckoo's cry, and the word also mentions "the sound is not as good as going home", which expresses the author's homesickness outside drifting. The image of "partridge" in ancient poems often reveals sadness.

For example, Li Bai's "Visit to Yue Gu": "The ladies-in-waiting seem to be full of spring palace, but today the partridges fly." 4. The leaves of Wu Tong are sad. As the old saying goes: "rather critical", Wu Tong leaves the roots.

Writing sad autumn with phoenix tree is a common technique used by the ancients. In 2004, the appreciation of Fujian poetry was titled Autumn Night, in which the image of "phoenix tree" was written: the night was long and sleepless, the autumn wind was clear, and the candle flowers were cut diligently for three nights.

The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing. In this poem, the cool bed, the moon shadow and the phoenix tree create a lonely artistic conception.

5. "Changting" and "Liu" In classical poems of other times, Liu is often associated with divorce. "Picking Wei" in the Book of Songs wrote: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " The swaying figure of weak willows can best convey the feelings of relatives and friends when they leave.

In addition, "Liu" and "Liu" are also homophones. Pavilion is the place where the ancients bid farewell, so it is also an image that often appears in farewell poems.

Liu Yong's "Yulinling" wrote these two images at the same time, which are "chilling and sorrowful, coming late for a long time." And "Where to wake up tonight, Yang Liuan Xiaofeng is dying."

6. Out of the water, convey sadness. Falling flowers make people feel pity and sadness, and the running water is noisy or soothing, which is the most worrying thing. Therefore, out of the water is often used to express sadness in ancient poems. For example, Li Yu's "Yu Meiren": "When the spring flowers and the autumn moon will end, how much is known about the past", "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward"; Another example is Li Qingzhao's "A Plum": "Flowers come from Shui Piao, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure."

7. "Crow" and "swallow" are ups and downs. Crows often appear in graves and other places and are usually regarded as ominous. Poets often use the image of "crow" to render the declining atmosphere. Swallow, because of its attachment to the old nest, has become the sustenance of classical poetry to express the changes of current events and express the feelings of historical rise and fall.

There are many college entrance examination questions with the image of "crow", such as: In 2006, Hubei volume "Danyang sent Wei to join the army", In the evening, Jiangnan looked at Jiangbei, and Western Western jackdaw flew all over the water, and in 2006, Jiangsu volume "Partridge Sky" and "Mountain meets water, water is bright, and forest remnants meet crows". In 2007, there was a comparative appreciation topic in Zhejiang, which was Wu Yixiang by Liu Yuxi, A Man's Moon by Wu Ji, and Mountain Sheep by Yuan Dynasty.

Swallow, the three works all express a deep sense of ups and downs through the image of swallow. 8. "Vegetation" is still changing. The vegetation is evergreen, but the personnel are quietly changing.

Ancient poetry often uses "vegetation" to express the emotion of things being transformed and sigh over the rise and fall of history. Such as "Yangzhou Slow" and "Ten Miles after the Spring Breeze, the wheat is green"

In 2007, the appreciation title of Hubei's scroll poem "Crossing the Qing Palace" also used the image of a tree: "The jade tree has ascended to heaven, and only the tree can stay in the Forbidden City forever." .

4. "Zigui", also known as cuckoo, is a common image sub-rule in ancient poetry: another name for cuckoo.

Legend has it that Du Yu, the emperor of Shu, was transformed by his soul. The night is always ringing, and the sound is sad, so it is used to express sadness and sadness, and the feeling of missing one's old country, hometown and relatives is also a metaphor of loyalty and unyielding national integrity.

"Ya Ya Shi Bird": "Du Fu, a rule." Tang Du Fu's poem "Zigui": "The mountains and trees on both sides of the strait meet, and Zigui cries all day."

Song Chen Liang's poem "Water Long Yin" says: "It's charming, the smoke is sparse and the moon is bright, breaking the rules." Back to the thirty-seventh time of the Water Margin: "The branches of Zigui sing jathyapple, and the butterflies in the garden stay in the flowers."

Lu Xun's untitled poem: "Unreasonable old dreams drive away the drunkenness and remember the rules for the light shadow alone." [1] Tang: Li Bai's poem "Difficult Road to Shu" says: "The cuckoo is sad again."

5. "Zigui", also known as cuckoo, is a very common image in ancient poetry. Let's talk about Zigui with the following poems: another name for the cuckoo. Legend has it that it was transformed by the soul of Du Yu, the Emperor of Shu. It always rings at night with a sad voice, so it is used to express grief and sadness, and the feelings of missing the motherland, hometown and relatives also have a metaphor of loyalty and unyielding national integrity. Zigui cries all day. Song Chen Liang's poem "Water Long Yin" says: "It's charming, the smoke is thin and the moon is light, and Zigui is silent. The 37th chapter of Water Margin said: "Zigui cried on the branch, and the butterfly stayed among the flowers in the garden. Lu Xun's poem Untitled said: "Unreasonable old dreams drive away the residual drunkenness, and I only remember the light shadow of Zigui. "

6. The image of cuckoo appeared many times in China's ancient poems. Please give some examples. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and the imperial cuckoo crowed. This is Li Shangyin's "Jinse", and "Wang Chunxin's cuckoo crow" comes from "Huayang National Records": "Du Yu proclaimed himself emperor, posthumous title ... he realized and decided to save Leiyushan from the flood, so the emperor entrusted it with political affairs and was abdicated by Fa Yaoshun. Therefore, Shu people mourn the sound of cuckoo. " Rhododendron is also called Zigui. Cai Mengbi's poem Du Fu in Notes of Du Gongbu Caotang quotes Chengdu Collection: "When the king dies, his soul becomes a bird, which is called Du Fu, also called Zigui. "It is said that Du of Shu retired to the mountains because of flooding. After death, the cuckoo moaned day and night until he cried and bled. Generally speaking, the beautiful heart and deeds of Emperor Wang Can touched Du Fu. Li Shangyin's incomprehensible poems should refer to "rebirth", while Zhuang Sheng's fascination with butterflies refers to the entanglement between his heart and reality. From the explanation of phoenix nirvana in the False Story, we can understand the significance of the legend of cuckoo in Shu. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cry of cuckoo bleeding, the sobs of apes and a pipa by Bai Juyi are allusions. According to legend, there was a monarch in ancient Shu named Du Yu, also known as Du Yu, who was forced by courtiers and fled to the deep mountains and forests. After his death, he was so worried that he became a bird called cuckoo, which kept barking all day, even bleeding from his mouth and flowing to the flowers, that is, azaleas. In ancient poetry, the cuckoo is a sad bird, but whenever his heart is sad. Is to express a kind of sadness. In fact, the cuckoo is a cuckoo, because its sound "cuckoo", like "Hu Bugui" (why not go home), has become a symbol of homesickness. Anyway, cuckoo is a sad bird, with sadness.