Can you introduce the flute?

The flute is one of the woodwind instruments commonly used in China traditional music, namely China bamboo flute, which is generally divided into Qu Di in the south and Bangdi in the north. Di Zi is often used in China folk music, China traditional opera, China national orchestra, western symphony orchestra and modern music, and is one of the representative musical instruments in China. Most flutes are made of bamboo, but there are also stone flutes and flutes. However, the best material for making flutes is bamboo, because flutes made of this material have the best sound effect. Flute; "Side blowing"

Application clef: treble clef, no shift notation.

Structure: It is a long tube slightly thicker than fingers, with several small holes on it.

A common six-hole bamboo flute consists of a flute head, a blowing hole (1), a membrane hole (1), a sound hole (6), a rear sound hole (2), a front sound hole (2, also called barrel sound) and a flute tail.

Material: Flute body is generally made of bamboo.

The flute membrane (a small sheet attached to the membrane hole when playing) is generally composed of the inner membrane in the tender reed stem.

The application of flute membrane is to select adhesive. At present, there are Ejiao, donkey skin cream, yellow croaker gum, resin, bletilla striata and so on. Colla Corii Asini and Rhizoma Bletillae are the most commonly used, which can be bought in general Chinese medicine shops and pharmacies. Because the flute membrane itself has certain flexibility and water absorption, the pasted flute membrane will automatically recover to a certain extent, so it can be slightly tight when pasted. After automatic recovery, the flute membrane is moderately elastic and can make a pleasant sound, but if it is to be used with paste, the flute membrane must be relaxed before it can be pasted. When pasting the film, first cut a square flute film so that the fiber of the flute film overlaps with the fiber of the flute in parallel, then dip Ejiao in water and apply it around the hole of the film, pinch both sides of the flute film with your thumb and forefinger, and pull out wrinkles perpendicular to the fiber lines of the flute film, then slowly press it downward and stick it, and then hold it for a while after adjustment. The collection of flute films should pay attention to moisture and sun protection, and it should be replaced if it becomes yellow, aging and loses elasticity. If fresh flute membranes need to be preserved for a long time, they can be wrapped in plastic bags and put in the refrigerator, so that they can be kept fresh all the time. Musical Instrument Features: It belongs to the category of blowhole membrane instruments in the woodwind instrument family. It is a typical national musical instrument in China. The choice of flute should be considered from the quality and category of flute. The quality of the flute depends not only on the quality of the flute tube itself, but also on the level of production. When purchasing, you should check:

1, check the bamboo quality of the flute. Flute pipes require strong bamboo (bamboo grain is old). Bamboo has a good texture. This pipe is straight and round. Generally, the head of flute body is slightly thicker than the tail, but the difference should not be too big. The flute has a medium thickness. The inner wall of flute tube is flat and smooth. There is no moth, crack and other phenomena in the whole body. Beautiful and generous appearance. These requirements can be identified by vision. Flute belongs to the woodwind family. It is a typical national musical instrument in China. According to legend, the flute has a history of more than two thousand years. The flute is very expressive and can play chromatic notes such as staccato, vibrato and glide. Can also express different emotions; Whether you play a slow and peaceful melody or a fast-jumping melody, you can appreciate its uniqueness. In addition, the flute is also good at imitating all kinds of sounds in nature, bringing the audience into the artistic conception of flowers and birds or mountains and rivers.

From 197 1 year's newly-born "Koudi" (also known as Yu Dizi) to 1977' s "Gu Di" and "Gu Di" unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, people were surprised to find that they were so similar. However, this similarity has gone through more than 7000 years. The evolution and development of the flute in this 7,000-year history cannot but amaze the world.

China's flute has strong national characteristics, and its pronunciation is touching and beautiful. The ancients called it "the sound of purity", so the original name of the flute was "purity". Japan still retains the "body-cleaning flute", which later evolved into today's flute. Di Zi is an important melody instrument in Chinese national bands, which is mostly used for solo and ensemble. Di Zi is actually the floorboard of a musical instrument. According to the classification of pitch, Di Zi can be generally divided into Qu Di (long and low, with mellow timbre, mostly distributed in southern China), Bangdi (short and high, with clear timbre, mostly used in various operas in northern China) and Zhongdi (between Qu Di and Bangdi in appearance and pronunciation).

2. Check the pitch of the flute. The method is to play according to the standard flute or musical instrument (accordion, electronic organ, etc.) as far as possible. ) sound calibration instrument. After the tonic is determined, check the accuracy of all the sounds of the flute according to the interval relationship. You can also play overtones to see if it is easy to generate and clean up. Checking overtones is also a good way to check the pitch of real sounds.

3. Check the volume of the flute. Generally speaking, the loudest one is better. The loud flute is loud and vibrates strongly. Sometimes your fingers will feel numb when you play.

4. Check the timbre of the flute. The general requirements for timbre are loose, thick, round and bright, which depends on the quality of the flute itself, on the other hand, it is closely related to the film pasting technology and playing skills.

5. Check the sensitivity of the flute. Generally speaking, it is better to exhale without dull pronunciation, and the sooner you react, the better.

6. Beginners should choose the tune. The same bamboo flute has various tonality. How to choose? Generally speaking, it is more suitable for beginners to choose alto flute, e or f flute. Because this kind of flute is easy to play and has a moderate pitch, it is also often used for playing. If conditions permit, you want to choose more flutes. Then besides the flutes in E and F, you can also choose A Qu Di in D and A Band-Aid in G, which are also commonly used. Modi's modern flute is divided into two schools: the northern school usually uses techniques such as sounding, polishing, sliding and splitting, while the southern school often uses techniques such as vibrato, striking, overlapping and vibration.

In addition, after decades of continuous practice by a large number of musicians, a series of special techniques have been created, such as cyclic ventilation, cyclic exhalation, kneading, package blowing, roaring, punching, flying fingers, seven-degree kneading, whistling and so on.

The style of Nanpai flute is elegant and beautiful, and the flute they use is mainly Qu Di. Qu Di's pipes are long and thick, with rich and soft timbre, clear and mellow, melodious and euphemistic, which are mainly popular in the south of China.

The style of the northern school flute is vigorous and rough, and the flute they use is mainly bangdi. The pipe of the bangdi is short and thin, and the timbre is high and bright. Mainly popular in northern China. Liu Sen, Wu Guozhong, Chen Yue, Feng Zicun, Liu Guanle, Lu Chunling, Zhao Songting, Wang Tiechui, Jane Guangyi, Yu Xunfa, Zeng Yongqing, Jiang Guoji, Miao Yimin (USA), Du Rusong, Zhang Weiliang, Zhang Xianghua, Zhan Yongming, Wang Ciheng, Dai Ya, Liu Haicheng, Chen Tao and Chen Zhongshen. Bamboo used for flutes basically goes through cutting, painting, drilling, tuning, winding and lettering after drying in the shade. A major feature of the flute is that it is often engraved with the names of Tang poetry and its producers. Famous flute players include Zhou, Zou, Wang Yiliang, Wen Feng, Bao Miaoliang, Bao Xiangke, Ying, Fan Dizhi and Jia. First cut the membrane with a needle, cut it into rectangular pieces, and then gently knead it into a small ball with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. Twist the film into many tiny wrinkles, and then unfold it gently. After the film is restored to its original state, gently stretch it several times with your thumb and fingers. This not only prevents the film from loosening, but also makes the lines of the film more uniform. Then dip donkey-hide gelatin (donkey-hide gelatin) in water (or garlic juice), rub around the membrane hole, make the flute lines parallel to the flute lines, and stick them on the flute membrane.

In addition, the lines on the film should not be too big. If it is too big, the sound will be sandy. Don't stick the film too tightly or too loosely. If it is too tight, there is no clear and loud timbre. If it is too loose, the sound will hiss and be unpleasant. Solution: When it is too loose, you can press both sides with your fingertips and gently pull it; When it is too tight, you can press the center of the flute membrane with your fingertips, but don't dirty the flute membrane, let alone get wet with water. When the flute membrane is stained with water, it will get old and make a bad sound. In a word, pasting film is a very meticulous and patient job. High-quality flute film, if the film pasting technology is not good; It is impossible to achieve the ideal effect. Therefore, mastering the film pasting technology is a compulsory course for beginners to play flute. Flute maintenance (1) If you find that bamboo is not too dry, you can plug all the holes in the flute, then pour some salt water into it and soak it for a day or two (depending on the humidity of bamboo, it takes longer for wet people to soak), then open the holes and pour out the salt water, rinse it with clear water slightly, and after one hour, apply some boiled water to the bucket. If the bamboo used to buy the flute is dry and firm, it is best to scrub the flute tube and the periphery of the blowhole with alcohol to achieve the purpose of disinfection. In addition, a small amount of water in bamboo will be eliminated with the volatilization of alcohol.

(2) Professional flute players have a flute box. If you don't have a flute box, you can make a cloth cover (preferably made of sandwich or cotton cloth), and it is best to make a wide one, narrow one for summer and narrow one on weekdays. Put the flute in. If there is no cover or box, you can find a clean cloth to wrap it, so as to avoid wind, sun and dust.

(3) After each blow, be sure to pour out the saliva in the flute tube. It is best to make a cloth brush. After the saliva is poured out, poke it in and wipe it gently, then put it in a box or bag. In this way, saliva will not be moldy and smelly in the flute tube, which will make the flute tube rot.

(4) When the weather is too hot or too dry, it is best to make a "flute bladder" (use a small stick with the same length as the flute tube, wrap several layers of clean cloth and put some oil on it), and when it is not blowing, it can be stuffed into the flute tube to prevent the flute body from breaking. The thickness of "flute airbag" should adapt to the thickness of flute tube. If it's thick, it won't fit in. If it's thin, it won't touch the bamboo wall and won't play the role of moistening the flute.

(5) If you play the flute for a long time, there will be a lot of dust in the flute tube. Dust, combined with the infiltration of air and water, forms dirt over time, which is not only unsanitary, but also often stinks, even affecting timbre and intonation. It needs to be washed at this time. Especially comrades who don't have flute boxes and sleeves, wash their flutes once in a while. When washing, you should pay attention to it, and it is not advisable to wash it with water, so that the flute will soak and absorb too much water, and it will break easily when wet or dry. Soft cloth or absorbent cotton can be used. Tie it around a stick (the stick should be thin but not too thick) and soak it in alcohol (preferably alcohol) to scrub it.

(6) Sometimes due to the change of weather, it is too cold or too hot, or because the bamboo is too tender and there are too few knots, the flute body is easy to break. In order to prevent this kind of rupture, or after it has been ruptured, the two ends, the blow hole and the membrane hole, and the membrane hole and the sixth hole can be bound with silk thread (preferably not with flexible plastic). Or use copper (or aluminum) rings to tie the head and tail. Primary performance level (1 level ~ 4):

Level 1:

Extra test: check the playing posture.

Long term practice

In this world, only mother is good.

Spring is coming

Sing for two hours and let the cowherd go

Kangding love song

Inner Mongolia Xiaoqu

Flower drum dance

Laoliuban

The Ode to Joy

The north wind roared

Golden snake dance wildly

The second level:

A scale exercise written to master fingering.

Basic typing exercises

Homesick song

my motherland

Osmanthus fragrans blooms everywhere in August.

Shidajie

As long as mom smiles

Cai Yun chased the moon.

Pull a camel

Muyangqu

Shepherd girl

Drought lightning

The third level:

(a) all music played by five fingers

Basic practice of single vomiting

Huangshuiyao

Suwu shepherd

the laundry song

Taihu plum

Malan flowers bloom.

On the golden hill in Beijing.

The story of the yellow crane

No.6 middle school class

Man Jiang Hong

(2) all music is 2 fingering.

Comprehensive exercises of single, double and triple vomiting

Yimeng ditty

pick-tea lantern dance ［a Chinese folk song and dance］

Hongmeizan

A plum

Gao Shanqing

Turn over serfs and sing.

Nanniwan

Tibetan dance music

Level 4:

Tremolo practice

(1) Prose

Xiaohe tangshui

Mayila

jasmine

Embroidered gold plaque

(2) solo

folk song

Trolley

I am a soldier.

Tianshan dance music

Happy song

Intermediate (level 5-6):

Piati

(1) Prose

Guan Shanyue

Song of praise

xintianyou

Blue flowers

(2) solo

Gusuhang

Watertown boat song

Happy little piper

Tatars.

Xiaoniulang

Beijing Opera and other popular songs in Beijing.

Go to the countryside

College English Test Band-6

(1) Prose

Spinning cotton

Red flowers blooming all over the mountain

An Xi jump appointment

Three-mile paving

(2) solo

The train is bound for Beijing.

Shanbei No.

Raise the whip and urge the horse to transport grain.

Good news bulletin

Liu Zhonghua Ban

(early) morning

Three-section plum blossom

Spring in Ordos

Advanced (grade 7- 10)

Seven grades

close relative

Singing folk songs with a pedal waterwheel

Bangbangzi

Bainiaoyin

Yi He sings.

Memories of hometown

Miss Autumn in Dressing Stage (Bass Flute and Guzheng)

Herdsmen's new songs

Lei Feng (Concerto)

Cold Moon

Ge Xiang

Advanced (after 8 ~ 10)

Grade?Eight

Spring to Xiangjiang River

Hang a red light

The partridge flies (1)

Partridge flying (2)

357

Spring scenery in jujube garden

Grade?Nine

harvest

skylark

battlefield

Spring in Pamirs

Tingquan

Youlan Feng Chun

Ten grades

Hora dance

Qin Chuan expressed his feelings.

die

Wedding in the mountain village

Autumn lake moonlit night

After tenth grade

Symphony no.4 in g major

Langya verve

Convection (Concerto)

Peony Pavilion (Suite)

"Red Sun"

Band-Aid Concerto

Bamboo trace