The difference between high-speed rail and bullet train

Ordinary rails:

There is an interface dozens of meters away, and the train is always inseparable from the sound of "thud thud". When the wheel rolls over the rail joint, the wheel vibrates, the carriage vibrates and the ground vibrates, so the train is not stable at all, just like sailing in stormy waves. If you can't move forward smoothly, you can't increase the speed, otherwise the vibration will intensify and a rollover accident will occur.

Track of high-speed rail:

When the high-speed rail is building roads, according to the season, the rails are welded together when they expand when they are hot and contract when they are cold, so that the rails will not be elongated, and when they contract when they are cold in winter, they will not be deformed by the tensile strength of the steel itself.

2, the working principle is different

Traditional train starting:

To make the locomotive wheels turn, the locomotive should be started first, and then the train should be towed. After all, the weight of the locomotive alone can't compare with the weight of the whole train, and it is impossible to directly drive the whole train at one breath. When the whole train starts, it actually starts in sections. It will take a long time. The same is true of speed change. It is quite difficult for an ordinary train to run so fast.

Starting point of high-speed rail:

In short, the principle of high-speed rail has at least two aspects. On the one hand, the rail connection is cancelled, so that the train can travel at full speed; On the other hand, using the EMU, all wheels run together, which not only has great unity, but also has consistent actions, making the train start and speed change flexible. As a result, the speed of high-speed rail has been greatly accelerated.

3. The braking system is different.

The braking control device of each car of EMU is controlled by microcomputer, which consists of electric braking (regenerative braking) and air braking (disc braking) of each car. The braking control device has skid detection function and adopts electric command braking system. With the increase of train speed, the adhesion factor will decrease, so the braking force of speed-adhesion mode control is set to change with the change of speed. This mode is set on the basis of adhesion test on the premise of rainy days, so the train can stop at a specified distance and will not slip when braking.

The basic braking devices of motor cars and trailers all adopt booster cylinders and oil pressure disc devices for gas-electricity conversion. Under the grouping of four motor cars and four trailers, the trailers are fully mechanically braked. The switching between regenerative braking and air braking of EMU is controlled by electro-pneumatic coordination, and the braking force is judged by the braking control device, and supplemented by air braking when the braking force is insufficient. In order to reduce the wear of brake disc and brake shoe, the delayed control mode is adopted: regenerative braking takes priority, trailer air braking takes second place, and motor vehicle air braking takes third place.

4. In China's current high-speed and intercity railway passenger transport system, the main difference between bullet trains (D-prefix trains) and high-speed trains (G-prefix trains) is that bullet trains (D-prefix trains) mainly run on existing speed-increasing lines or intercity railways, while bullet trains (D-prefix trains) running on high-speed railway trunk lines have slower maximum running speed than high-speed trains (G-prefix trains) or more stops.

5. High-speed rail refers to high-speed railway, which is a type of railway system described from the perspective of speed; A bullet train refers to a train with power in it. Except for the front, every car can (pay attention to whether it is necessary) have power. However, these two words have been redefined on domestic railways. In fact, the carriages used in domestic high-speed trains are also bullet trains, so it is correct to call them bullet trains. ?

6. In international standards, railways with a speed of more than 200KM/h and a speed of less than 250KM/h under construction are high-speed railways; The definition of EMU refers to a train consisting of multiple cars equipped with power devices, which is called EMU (group). China's definition is slightly different. EMU refers to trains with a speed of 200~300KM per hour, and the number of trains starts with D (the initial letter of "moving"); High-speed rail refers to trains with a speed of more than 300KM/h, and the number of trains starts with G (the initials of "high").

7. At present, all the trains running on high-speed railways in China are EMU. A group of 8 cars, a train has one or two sets of EMUs (that is, a train can only consist of 8 cars or 16 cars), while a set of EMUs can move 6 cars and tow 2 cars, that is, 6 cars have power and the other 2 cars don't; It can also be four movements and four drags, with four sections having power and the other four sections not; Full power can also be 8 knots. For long trains (16 cars), it is the above configuration scheme multiplied by two.

8. In China's definition, high-speed rail and bullet train are railway systems that include both trains and railways. The difference lies in their different speeds.

Extended data:

Railway, referred to as high-speed rail for short, refers to the railway with high design speed standard of infrastructure, high safe running speed of trains on the track and running speed of trains above 200 km/h.

High-speed rail has different regulations in different countries, different times and different scientific research and academic fields. The National Railway Administration of China defines China's high-speed railway as a passenger dedicated railway with a design running speed of more than 250km/h (including reservation) and an initial running speed of more than 200km/h, and has issued the corresponding document "Code for Design of High-speed Railway". The National Development and Reform Commission of China defines China's high-speed railway as a newly-built or existing railway with a speed of 200 km/h or more, and has issued the corresponding Medium-and Long-term Railway Network Planning Document, which unifies all track lines with a speed of 200 km/h into the category of China's high-speed railway network.

"High-speed train" is referred to as China high-speed EMU passenger train (G-prefix train) by people and train ticket system under China Railway Corporation (12306 official website), which is actually a mistake.

Motor train and full-name power vehicle refer to vehicles equipped with power devices in rail transit system, including locomotives and power cars. Motor vehicles are equipped with driving wheels, and the corresponding vehicles without driving devices are trailers. If the train can run normally on the track, there must be a moving car to provide enough traction for the whole train, but it is not necessary to hang a trailer without power.

EMU is a railway vehicle equipped with wheel-driven mechanical equipment, not an EMU. Not only high-speed trains have bullet trains, but all types of vehicles, including constant-speed EMUs, ordinary-speed trains, subway trains, light rail trains, monorails and maglev trains, have bullet trains.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-High-speed Railway? Baidu encyclopedia-bullet train