Cultivation techniques of vegetables in solar greenhouse

Select local cucumber, Shanghai Yangxing cucumber, Agricultural University 14 and other high-quality and high-yield varieties. ?

Second, cultivate strong seedlings. ?

The sowing date of cucumber in greenhouse can be from the end of June 65438+February to the middle of June 65438+1October, so it is appropriate to use greenhouse plus small arch shed (or greenhouse electrothermal hotbed) to raise seedlings. The seedling age is 40-45 days, and the sowing amount is about 0. 1 kg per mu. First, soak the seeds in clean water, then put them into hot water at 55℃, the amount of water is 3-4 times that of the seeds, and keep stirring. When the water temperature drops to about 30℃, the seeds are soaked at room temperature for 1-2 hours. Choose the plot where melon crops have not been planted in recent years as the seedbed, level the bed soil, pour enough water, and sow after 24 hours. Sow 0.2kg per square meter of bed surface and cover with 2 cm of medicinal soil (50kg soil mud+1.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer +0. 15kg zineb +0. 15kg thiophanate). ?

It is necessary to maintain high temperature from sowing to the emergence of cotyledons. When the temperature reaches 15℃, put on an apron in the greenhouse; When the temperature reaches 10℃, the straw curtain will be laid in the small arch shed in the evening. The specific temperature requirements are: 25℃-30℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature should be reduced appropriately, about 25℃ during the day and about 16℃ at night. 4-5 days after sowing, the seedlings are moved into a nutrition pot. Before the seedlings are moved to a living tree, the temperature in the seedbed is kept at 25-30℃. After 3-4 days, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and at 14- 16℃ at night to prevent overgrowth. The bed soil should be kept moist at seedling stage and watered in sunny days. It can be combined with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea for topdressing, and fully ventilated after application to promote strong seedlings. ?

Third, timely planting. ?

The greenhouse is covered with small arch shed, plastic film and grass curtain, and planted from mid-February to early March when the seedling age is 40-45 days, the plant height is 15-20 cm, and there are 5-6 real leaves. Generally, two rows are planted in each border with a row spacing of 40-60 cm, and 2500-2700 plants are planted per mu. ?

Fourth, strengthen on-site management. ?

1, fertilizer and water management. Before sowing, ditch and apply base fertilizer, per mu 1.500 kg fence fertilizer, 1.000 kg human excrement and urine, and 45 kg compound fertilizer. After planting live trees, apply human excrement and urine 1000 kg per mu, and topdressing again after 15 days. Cucumber grows fast, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be timely. Fertilization method adopts the principle of "thin fertilizer and diligent application" and "small amount and multiple meals", and generally topdressing once every two harvest periods. Keep the soil moist throughout the growing season. After entering the full flowering period, according to the soil water content, water and irrigate once every 1-2 weeks. ?

2. Temperature control. After planting, it is necessary to maintain a high greenhouse temperature in order to slow down the growth of seedlings. Measures such as heat preservation, anti-freezing, ventilation and anti-scorching should be strengthened after seedling delay. Generally, when the temperature in the shed reaches 28-30℃ during the day, it will be ventilated on sunny days; Properly ventilate on cloudy days, keep the temperature at about 20℃, and the shed temperature at night is 15℃ (not lower than 10℃). The straw curtain on the small arch shed in greenhouse should be uncovered early and covered late to increase the light. Generally, the small arch shed is removed before the vine is erected, and the shed edge film is removed in late April, leaving the top film until the end of harvesting.

3. Apply hormones to protect flowers and fruits, and spray Baoguoling 100 times liquid at the initial flowering stage to improve the early yield. ?

Five, pest control. ?

The main diseases are downy mildew, epidemic disease, Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. Agricultural measures such as paddy-upland rotation and spreading quicklime should be implemented to prevent diseases. Pay special attention to the early prevention and treatment of downy mildew. Cucumber in greenhouse generally begins to occur in the middle and late March, and it can quickly become popular when the temperature rises to 20-24℃ after Qingming. Therefore, from mid-March, spraying with 500 times solution of 25% carbendazim, 70% Antaisheng or 58% Ruifu every 5-7 days; After the appearance of downy mildew spots, control them with 750 times solution of 72% Kelu or 600 times solution of 69% Anke. In rainy weather, you can use 45% chlorothalonil fumigant, 0.2 kg per mu, turn off the greenhouse at night, ventilate the next morning, and use it alternately with spray. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled once with Kangfuduo 7000 times solution or net 2500 times solution.

Cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse in early spring

In early spring, cucumber in greenhouse was planted in some large-scale continuous cropping old vegetable areas, which caused cucumber wilt and disease and threatened cucumber production in greenhouse. We grow seedlings by grafting cucumbers,

The comprehensive application of temporary fire heating and other measures has effectively solved the problem of soil-borne diseases.

And the economic benefit of cucumber planting is improved.

1. Select cucumber varieties in protected field.

Shandong Mici, Xintai Mici and Jinchun No.3, these three

This variety is resistant to low temperature and high temperature, with dense melon, which is very suitable for greenhouse planting in early spring.

2. Grafting and seedling raising

The sowing date of cucumber is 65438+1 mid-October, the seedling age is about 50 days, and the physiological seedling age is1heart with 5 or 6 leaves. The rootstock is black-seeded pumpkin, and the scion is sown 3 days earlier than the rootstock. Before sowing, both rootstock and scion seeds need to be blanched.

After the seeds germinate, they are planted in wooden boxes or plastic plates, and perlite is soaked in hot water and some nutrient soil in furnace dust or sawdust. The transplantation method is abdominal incision,

Its biggest advantage is that cucumber seedlings can be of various sizes. After grafting, a small arch shed is buckled in the greenhouse and covered with straw mats for shading management.

3. Ethephon treated seedlings and transplanted seedlings

When the grafted cucumber seedling has two leaves, 1 heart, spray 150 ~ in time.

200ppm ethephon aims to increase the number of female flowers, which is the key to obtain good early yield of grafted seedlings. seedling

Transplant seedlings in time when the leaf center is 3 1. You can step over clods or move them into plastic nutrition bowls.

Harden the seedlings at low temperature before transplanting, and slow the seedlings at 27 ~ 29℃ during the day and 15 ~ 18℃ at night after transplanting, and then cool down and manage. Seven days before sowing, the temperature gradually dropped to 7 ~ 8℃ at night to exercise the seedlings.

4. The sowing time is in early March.

In order to make the ground temperature rise, the shed is not watered before winter, 30 in advance.

Bake the ground in the shed and prepare the soil. Apply 4,000-5,000 kilograms of chicken manure every 667 square meters and 50 kilograms of hydrazine in ditches. Pull the second membrane support along the shed column, 40 cm away from the top membrane, and hang the second membrane in mid-February. When the soil temperature at the depth of 15 cm is stable at 12℃, plant with row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 33 cm, and protect 3500 ~ 3800 plants per 667 square meters. After planting, a small arch shed is cupped and covered with plastic film.

At night, the earthen stove with flue is lit in time, placed in the center of the shed and covered with grass.

5. Greenhouse management

(1) temperature management: cucumber grafted seedlings grow slowly, and the temperature in the small arch shed is kept at 28 ~ 32℃. When it reaches 35℃ during the day, open the film in the small arch shed in time and cover it at night. Postcolonial 10

During the day, take off the grafting clip and the small arch shed membrane, open the second layer membrane at noon, keep the shed temperature above 28℃ during the day, and take off the second layer membrane when the lowest outdoor temperature is 5℃ at night, and enter the routine management. (2) Water and fertilizer management: Generally, root melons are watered with secondary water, and when they reach waist melons, water and fertilizer are attacked together, and thin fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are used alternately (thin fertilizer-clear water-chemical fertilizer). Apply thin fertilizer 3-4 times, about 3-4 cubic meters, and urea 100 kg during the whole growth period of cucumber.

Problems in Cucumber Planting in Greenhouse

First, deformed melons

Including curved melon, pointed-billed melon, pot-bellied melon, honeycomb melon and so on.

1. The reason why the curved melon appears is that the temperature and humidity at seedling stage are not suitable or the nutrition supply is insufficient, which leads to poor ovary development and naturally develops into curved melon; When cucumber is hypertrophy, improper field management is also easy to form curved melon. The better way to avoid the above situation is to create good environmental conditions for flower bud differentiation of cucumber during seedling raising, and at the same time strengthen fertilizer and water management during the expansion period of melon strips.

2. The causes of melon disease are poor fertilization and persistent high temperature in the shed. Therefore, when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, it needs to be ventilated in time to prevent the occurrence of high temperature. After beginning to sit on melons, we should strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, keep the soil moist and cultivate strong seedlings.

3. One of the reasons for the appearance of pot-bellied melon is poor fertilization, and the other is zinc deficiency in the soil. Therefore, the varieties with strong parthenocarpy should be selected as the main varieties in greenhouse, and on this basis, zinc sulfate should be applied as base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation.

Second, the phenomenon of flower topping

The reason is that slow planting can not promote root control well, and topdressing irrigation is too early. The ground temperature drops, the root activity weakens, and the nutrition can't keep up, which leads to flowering and topping. In case of the above phenomenon, melons should be harvested early, some female flowers should be thinned, watered in sunny days and topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer.

Third, the leaves are yellow.

This is caused by insufficient nutrition supply. Cucumber is a kind of plant that needs more fertilizer. Not only base fertilizer should be sufficient, but also topdressing should be strengthened at the fruiting stage to ensure high yield.

Cucumber downy mildew is a devastating disease, which is usually controlled by spraying pesticides. According to the experiment, taking pollution-free control measures can also achieve good results, reduce costs and improve quality. The main measures are:

1 high temperature stuffy shed. Choose sunny noon to close the greenhouse, let the temperature in the greenhouse rise to 45 degrees quickly, and let the air cool down after 2 hours. Generally 1 time, the disease can be controlled by closed shed 10 day. Pay attention to watering the day before the implementation of high-temperature stuffy shed.

2. Increase the temperature and reduce the humidity. Increasing the temperature and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse are beneficial to the growth of cucumber and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of downy mildew. The method is: in the morning, by closing the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 30-32 degrees. In the afternoon, the temperature will drop to 20-22 degrees, and the humidity in the shed will drop to 60%-70%. In addition, plastic film, rice (wheat) grass, furnace ash and other methods can be used to increase the indoor temperature and reduce the indoor temperature.

3. Spraying fertilizer on the leaves. During the growth of cucumber in greenhouse, spraying foliar fertilizer reasonably to supplement nutrition can provide the needed nutrition for plants quickly and effectively, promote the healthy growth of cucumber and improve the disease resistance. Generally, it is sprayed 1 time every 10 day, and 50 kg of mixed solution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron is sprayed every mu. The solution was prepared by adding 50g urea,100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and100g borax to each 50kg water. Before preparing liquid, boron should be dissolved with a small amount of hot water.

4 spray sugar water. According to research, the severity of downy mildew has a great relationship with the ratio of sugar to nitrogen in cucumber. During the growth of cucumber, spraying the mixture of 1% sugar and 1% urea can achieve more than 80% disease control effect. Generally spray 5-8 times.

I only found cucumbers for the time being, and I'll bring you green beans later!

Green beans, also known as kidney beans and jade beans, are warm, frost-resistant and heat-resistant. The suitable growth temperature is about 2 1℃, and it needs 18 ~ 25℃ at flowering and pod setting stage.

Sowing green beans in time in winter is contrary to spring ploughing, which is characterized by high temperature and drought in the early stage and is susceptible to low temperature in the later stage. Therefore, cultivation management is different from spring green beans, and mastering timely sowing and ensuring the whole seedling is the key to obtain high yield. In recent years, the climate in Huizhou is warm in winter, and mung beans can be planted in winter until early spring, with remarkable economic and social benefits.

Reasonable close planting has higher temperature in the early stage, faster growth, lower temperature in the later stage and poor development of lateral branches, so reasonable close planting is the key to high yield. As far as Huizhou area is concerned, it is generally good to plant with 1.3m (with border) width and 10 ~ 20cm hole spacing, with 3 plants per hole.

Field management In winter, the field management of green beans after sowing should emphasize early characters, early water management, early fertilization and early prevention and control of pests and diseases. The seedling temperature is high and evaporation is strong. Therefore, it is necessary to water, moisturize and cool down, drain and loosen the soil in time after the rain, maintain good soil ventilation, promote the rapid growth of plants, form a strong plant type in a short time, and blossom and pod as soon as possible. When pulling the vine, fertilizing in the hole beside the plant, watering in the later stage, supporting well, controlling watering at flowering stage, watering after pod setting, and applying a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer after rain can reduce waterlogging damage and prevent the plant from yellowing.

The main diseases of green beans are anthracnose, rust, root rot and so on, so attention should be paid to timely prevention and control. Pests mainly include aphids, red spiders and soybean borers.