What achievements did Jia Dao, a bitter poet who moved Han Yu, make in literature?

In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, there were not many great poets who really possessed wealth and status, and most of them managed a bleak life in the ocean of poetry. There are few real grass-roots poets, and most of them have some big or small backgrounds. But it is not that there are no pure grass-roots poets, but there are, and Jia Dao is one of them.

Jia Dao is called a "poet", which is closely related to his writing style and life. He once again proved that "the eyes of the masses are discerning."

Jia Dao was poor all his life, but his passion for poetry was incomparable, because poetry had its own character. To put it bluntly, everything is popular, but Jia Dao chose to refuse to be popular. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty contains "Yuan and Zhong are light and shallow, and the island has a unique style, so it is elegant and gorgeous". He avoided the shallowness advocated by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, found another way, and consciously embarked on a lonely road of poetry.

The loneliness of Kuyin is hard to find, and it took three years to get two sentences of After Poetry. If I don't appreciate these two poems, I have to go back to my hometown where I used to live and sleep soundly in the rustling autumn wind.

This poem After Poem is a self-annotation written by Jia Dao after one of his poems. I only wrote two poems in three years, which is not only a long production process, but also extremely inefficient, completely unable to keep up with the speed of fashion. However, it is this almost possessed spirit that makes him stand out from the vast sea of poetry and become a star of poetry that shines for thousands of years, leaving a name in history.

Ancient students have a feeling that they can't give up the imperial examination. It has always been the lofty ideal of students to contribute their strength to the country and people. Jia Dao, like many other students, failed the list. High is not necessarily a good life. Real students start from failing the list. The family is poor, and the money for taking the exam in Beijing is all patchwork. When they arrived in Beijing, they disappeared. The hardship of lack of money overwhelmed many scholars, so poor that they had to become monks and have no legal name in order to survive. Since then, Jia has been away from home.

But even after becoming a monk, he still failed to reduce his enthusiasm for writing poems. After becoming a monk, Jia Dao didn't lose everything. He couldn't forget his "old job". In addition to daily chanting activities, he pays more attention to poetry. In a few years, he became a famous monk who can write poems best, and his obsession with poetry went up a storey still higher. To this end, he also created two "traffic accidents".

As the saying goes, "Look at the donkey, look at the donkey", but in Jia Dao, it becomes "thinking without looking at the song book". The autumn wind is rustling and the leaves are falling. He rode a donkey to the street. The poet is sensitive to the abnormal environment and feels the sadness of autumn. Jia Dao is addicted to poetry again. I casually said, "The leaves are full of Chang 'an", but the second half got stuck in my throat.

Jia Dao, who was riding on the donkey's back, thought hard and turned several streets without getting a satisfactory sentence. The so-called "bitter songs" are all because they are too serious. Suddenly, an autumn wind blew and he had a brainwave. He blurted out the second half of the sentence "Autumn wind blows the Weihe River", which coincides with the first half of the sentence "Leaves are full of Chang 'an". When he came out, the driver who was kept in the dark and Liu Qichu didn't want to collide invisibly.

Beijing is equivalent to the position of mayor of Beijing, while' Mayor Liu' is not interested in poetry. As a result, Jia Dao was arrested and locked up for one night and released the next day. But a "History in yi river" is complete.

When Fujian set sail, Toad lost his last contact. Autumn wind gives birth to Wei water, and leaves are all over Chang 'an. There was a party here in the evening, when it was thunderstorm and freezing. Lan Raoshu did not return, and the news was in the clouds.

This second "traffic accident" is a well-known "scrutiny" story. Jia Dao met a generation of literary giant Han Yu. On that day, Jia Dao visited his friend Li Ning. When he arrived at his friend's house, he found that the door was locked, so Jia Dao wrote a poem entitled "Li Ning lives in seclusion" on someone else's wall:

Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door. Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.

This poem is already a good poem even if it doesn't need to be changed, but for a poet like Jia Dao, it is necessary to "strive for perfection" in writing poetry. On the way home, Jia Dao struggled with the second sentence in his poem, whether it was better for the monk to knock on the door of the moon or for the monk to push it. So his thoughts fell into a fierce struggle between knocking and pushing. While thinking, he kept gesturing and unconsciously bumped into the honor guard of the central officials.

This official happens to be Han Yu, assistant minister of the official department and Jing Zhaoyin. After Jia Dao told this story in front of Han Yu, Han Yu, a great talent, thought about it and gave the answer. He said the word "knock" was better. From then on, the two began to associate as teachers and friends. Finally, in the vast sea of poetry, they found a bosom friend and wrote a seven-character slogan for him:

Han Yu's "To Jia Dao" Meng Jiao died and was buried in Beimang Mountain. Since then, the situation has been temporarily idle. I'm afraid the article will be cut, so I live in Jia Dao.

Han Yu loves talents. After learning of Jia Dao's bleak fate, he repeatedly advised him to return to the secular world, and supported him to continue to take the imperial examination, willing to bear all the expenses. So Jia Dao's "popular concept" came into being. He grew his hair and really walked into the examination room again.

If he didn't choose secularization, maybe his life wouldn't be so painful. At least he can be a pure poet, feel at ease and stay away from political disturbances, and his poems may be more leisurely and carefree. However, as soon as he entered the imperial examination, he was as deep as the sea, and many literati suffered a tragedy of being unsuccessful. After all, Jia Dao can't avoid customs.

Jia Dao himself is really talented, but he also has a fatal flaw, which is arrogance. Coupled with the depression and indignation that high school failed to participate in the imperial examination again, it is inevitable that some people will complain. So, I will write some satirical poems.

At that time, the examiner was Pei Du, the prime minister of the dynasty. He had a good relationship with Han Yu, but his personal life was decadent. In order to build a luxury villa, he did not hesitate to demolish houses, involving hundreds of families, and public grievances boiled for a time.

When Jia Dao saw this scene, he failed for many years and was particularly dissatisfied with the examiner. So he wrote a poem called "The Pavilion of the Apricot Garden" on the pavilion of the Apricot Garden, specifically satirizing Pei Du.

Tear down a thousand trees to make a pool instead of planting peaches, plums and roses. Bai Yutang autumn wind, thorns full court, you know.

Jia Dao openly cursed people's courtyards with thorns in the future, saying that he was jealous or honest. The key is not to leave Han Yu with face. This matter was soon discovered by Pei Du, and Prime Minister Pei endured it, but it was not over for Jia Dao. Not only did he have no intention of convergence, but he became even crazier and unscrupulous in the examination room.

An exam, the title of the composition is "Poetry about Things", and the object of description is "cicada". Therefore, he wrote a poem "Sick Cicada":

Sick cicadas can't fly, they can only walk in my palm. Wings can still be thin, and sour songs are still clear. Dew condenses on the abdomen and dust spots invade the eyes by mistake. Both yellowbird and kite are harmful to each other.

The meaning of this poem is obviously another satirical poem. The "sick cicada" in the poem refers to a vulnerable group like Jia Dao, who is the victim. The "kite bird" refers to the examiner, comparing other candidates to "yellowbird". He suspected that "Kite Bird" and "Yellowbird" had joined forces to hurt him.

Regardless of literary talent, this content is enough to make the Ministry of Education in Chang 'an angry, but incredibly, there were nine defiant dissidents in the examination room at that time, as restless as Jia Dao. Such a collective incident has made the leaders of the Ministry of Education angry enough, but at the same time, the fate of these candidates is about to be rewritten.

The Ministry of Education designated the ten candidates as "heinous" and expelled them from the examination room for violating the discipline of the national examination room, and then expelled them from the capital. This time, Jia Dao's dream of Jinshi was completely ruined.

Jia Dao, who was expelled from Chang 'an, wrote a poem "The Next Part" in addition to his grief and indignation, expressing his anguish, and probably knew that he and Jinshi were doomed in this life.

How do you live in Dixiang when you get the first empty bag? Apricot garden is full of tears, who is drunk for flowers. Tears fall on distant mountains, and spring grass grows in illness. It's easy to meet a bosom friend, and it's lonely to lose Sanxiang.

Jia Dao, who failed the list, had nothing and his bag was empty. He fell ill in despair. It was really a rainy night. Jia, extremely disappointed, burst into tears in the direction of his hometown. From then on, Jia Dao was separated from the imperial examination hall.

The fate of Jia Dao, a generation of bitter poets, was banished from Beijing for satirical poems. He left with an official position, which is the book of Changjiang County in the middle of Shu, below the Nine Grades. The Tang Dynasty was a relatively open society, and few people generally offended people with words. The Ten Evil Events in Jia Dao reflected the deterioration of the political environment at the turn of the middle and late Tang Dynasty.

There are three disadvantages in Jia Dao's awarding the Yangtze River Master Book. First, Jia Dao's fame was cut off from now on; Secondly, although I started from this grade office after being admitted as a scholar, there is no place for the 59-year-old senior candidates. After all, time waits for no one. Third, all the officials who are Jinshi and canonized only give the last one to the distant county chief, and the large amount to the good place, that is, the economically developed place, while Jia Dao is the "responsibility award", that is, it is designated to be awarded to the remote place, which has a bad reputation. It is obviously a bad idea to let a 59-year-old man go to Sichuan. He didn't want him to go back to Chang 'an alive, with ulterior motives.

Jia Dao was very bitter. He pursued serving the monarch all his life, but he didn't want the king to kill him in the end. It can be said that the dumb eat Rhizoma Coptidis, which is unspeakable. He can't do it without going to his post. After three years in office, he was transferred to the Ministry of Finance of Zhou Pu to join the army. At that time, he was just a warehouse manager and died in the line of duty soon.

A generation of bitter poets quietly ended, experienced the painful imperial examination and tasted the bitterness of life. The only comfort is probably the worship of him by later generations.

As a master of the Kuyin School, there are many disciples of Jia Dao in later generations, even regarded as idols, which shows his position in the poetry circle.

There was a poet named Dong Li in the late Tang Dynasty who admired Jia Dao and his talent all his life. He also cast a bronze statue for Jia Dao as a Buddha statue. What's more, if anyone says he likes Jia Dao, Dong Li will be so excited that he will personally copy Jia Dao's poems and give them to each other. He also told people to worship them as buddhas. This island fan is comparable to a modern fan.

But this kind of thing is actually done by Jia Dao. According to Biography of Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty, New Year's Eve is the most special day for Jia Dao, because he wants to "sacrifice poems" on this day. Put a copy, then take out all your poems over the past year, put them on the case respectfully, and then burn incense and offer wine.

Although Jia Dao was a monk, he probably never thought that he would be regarded as a Buddha by later generations. In Jia Dao's heart, there is another Buddha, a Tang poem that he will never give up.