In short, what is humanism?

Humanism is a caring, respecting and people-centered ideological system, which is opposite to deism and Shintoism which are worship and god-centered.

Humanism, humanism and humanitarianism are expressed in the same word in the west. Mainly refers to a philosophical theory with people as the starting point and people as the center. It was originally proposed for deism.

Humanism, the modern English-Chinese comprehensive dictionary (Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, 1990, 1 edition) is interpreted as humanism, humanism and humanism.

1, classical humanism

It refers to 14- 16 th century. The world outlook of caring, respecting and putting people first advocated by progressive thinkers during the Renaissance is opposite to deism and Shintoism, which worship and take god as the center. Humanism is the initial expression of the bourgeois world outlook and has played a positive role in history.

Classical humanism is the ideological system of the bourgeoisie as a revolutionary class.

The characteristics of classical humanism include:

① Pay attention to secular life;

(2) the desire to promote others;

③ Advocating individual freedom.

④ Pursuing human happiness;

2. Modern humanism

Humanism after Europe 1848 Revolution is called modern humanism, which is generally translated into humanism in China.

F Schiller, a British philosopher, published a study of humanism in Chinese at 1903 (Shanghai People's Publishing House 1966). Refers to the philosophical theory with people as the center and starting point.

Since 1980s, the term humanism has been widely used in domestic academic circles to express the philosophical trend of thought as opposed to scientism.

Modern humanism is the bourgeois ideology as the ruling class.

Modern humanism has two characteristics:

① Man (self) is regarded as the origin of the world, so it is called humanism;

② Man (self) is attributed to irrational desires, emotions and will, which is contrary to traditional rationalism, so it is also called irrationalism.

The main schools of humanism are voluntarism, pragmatism, existentialism and structuralism.