Why did Confucius learn from a fisherman?

The fisherman told a story of Confucius communicating with a fisherman who propped up a boat.

One day, Confucius and his disciples were reading in the apricot altar by the lake. Disciples are reading, and Confucius is playing the piano and singing. Halfway through the song, I saw a fisherman coming off the boat. The man, with a white beard and long hair, rolled up his sleeves and stopped at the apricot altar, with his left hand on his knee and his right hand on his cheek, listening attentively. When the bullets were finished, Zi Gong and Luz came to meet the guests.

Confucius Teaching Map (Information Tu Tu Source Network)

The guest pointed to Confucius and asked, "Who is that?"

Lutz replied:

"That's Mr. Lu!"

"May I have your name?"

"Last name is Kong."

"What are holes for?"

Lutz didn't answer, zi gong replied:

"Be faithful, do righteousness, modify music, and make rules of interpersonal relationships. Loyal to the monarch and educate the people, benefiting the world. This is what the hole does. "

"Does the monarch own the land?" The guest asked again.

"No."

"So the princes help the princes?"

"Not really."

The guest smiled after hearing this, and then walked back and said:

"Righteousness is righteousness, but I'm afraid I will suffer. It hurts me, and it hurts its true colors. Oh, I'm afraid this is for the sake of what he wants to pursue! "

Zi Gong and Luz went back to report to Confucius about their meeting with the guests. Confucius immediately pushed the piano away, stood up and said:

"Is that a saint?"

Then chase him to the river. The fisherman propped up the boat with a wooden paddle and was ready to leave. When he looked back at Confucius, he turned to face Confucius. Confucius turned his back and bowed. The guest asked Confucius:

"What are your requirements?"

"Just now, Mr. Wang said and left. Kong Qiu is just the black sheep of his family, and he doesn't understand the mystery. Could you please enlighten me? "

The guest smiled when he saw that Confucius was so humble.

"ha! You are still very studious! "

Confucius worshipped again:

"Teenagers in Kong Qiu started to learn, and they are now 69 years old. They haven't heard the best knowledge, how dare they not be modest! "

"Like each other, like the voice of the corresponding. This makes sense. Let me tell you what I know and see if I can solve your problem. Mr. Wang cares about personnel. Talk about personnel.

"The son of heaven, governors, doctors and Shu Ren, these four aspects can all belong to the right place, which is the beauty of personnel management. If the four aspects are misplaced, there will be chaos. If officials can take charge of their own duties and people worry about what they should worry about, there will be no confusion. Therefore, people are worried about Shu Ren, doctors, governors and emperors. However, you don't have the power of a monarch or a vassal, and you don't have the official position of a minister, but you are decorating your manners and engaging in human relations in an attempt to educate the people. Is it too much?

"In addition, people have eight shortcomings, such as total, embarrassment, flattery, insult, thief, timidity and danger. (If you don't know what you shouldn't know, you can barely ask for it. This is called "total". Regardless of other people's opinions, it is called "hey" if you barely open your mouth. I hope others will be impulsive and express what they want to say but dare not. This is called "flattery". Obedience without asking right and wrong is called "flattery" It's hard to call people "slander". Alienating relatives and friends is called "thief". People who are close to themselves, though immoral, praise them, while those who alienate themselves, even good people, are vilified and destroyed. This is called "fear". Don't ask about good and evil, tolerate everything, be kind to others and do what you like. This is called "adventure". ) Four evils: prevarication, greed, ignorance and pity. I like to take advantage of great events and change to gain fame. This is called Tao. Making good use of power, acting arbitrarily and infringing on others is called "greed". When you know your mistakes and refuse to repent, when you hear critical opinions, it is called "very stubborn". Say yes if you agree with yourself, and say no if you disagree. This is called "pity". People can get rid of eight diseases and four evils before they can get an education. "

Confucius sighed with a dignified expression, bowed again, and then said:

"I was expelled from Lu twice and hid in the east of Lu. All the trees I stayed in the Song lecture hall were cut down, and I was trapped in Cai Chen. I don't know what I did wrong and suffered four bad luck? "

After hearing what Confucius said, the guests also looked serious:

"You are too difficult to achieve! Some people are afraid to see their own shadows, hate their footprints and want to get rid of them by walking. As a result, they walk faster and faster, so that they run. However, the faster they run, the more footprints they leave, and the shadow never leaves them. The man thought he was running slowly, so he kept running and finally he was exhausted. He didn't think of hiding in the shade to get rid of his own shadow, so as to be quiet and make the footprints no longer appear. What a fool! You are too busy investigating benevolence and righteousness, distinguishing similarities and differences, observing movement, determining the scale of behavior, analyzing the feelings of good and evil, and reconciling emotions, which almost leads to great disaster. If you can practice yourself seriously, keep it true seriously and return those things to others, then you won't be tired. Now you don't practice yourself, but you ask others. Isn't that giving up on yourself and asking for it? "

Confucius asked what truth was, and the guest told him that truth was "sincerity". If you can't be sincere, you can't touch people, just like crying reluctantly, you can't show sadness; It is not dignified to force an angry look; Reluctantly show kindness, that kind of smile is not harmonious. The truth is in your heart, then your expression will be revealed. Therefore, to advocate truth, it must be used in interpersonal relationships.

Confucius and Fisherman (data from Tu Tu Source Network)

After listening to the fisherman's words, Confucius once again prostrated himself and asked the fisherman to be a teacher and teach him Tao. But the fisherman did not accept this request and said:

"Those who can walk together are those who can reach the Supreme Road together, and those who can't walk together are those who don't understand the Road. You have worked hard, I have to go, I have to go! "

Say that finish, open the boat and roam among the reeds. Yan Yuan returned to the car, and Lutz handed the reins of the carriage to Confucius. Confucius stared at the fisherman, but he didn't look back. He didn't want to leave by car until the waves calmed down. Lutz stood beside the car and asked:

"Students follow Mr For so many years, have never seen Mr So respectful to people. When the emperor and the vassal meet Mr. Wang, they should be equal, and Mr. Wang still looks disdainful. Now the fisherman is standing at the stern with an oar, and Mr. Wang is still bowing. Every time he answers the fisherman, he must bow down first. Is this too much? Even the master blames him. How can a fisherman receive such courtesy! "

Confucius fell on the armrest of the car and sighed:

"You ah, also too difficult to civilize! Come here, I'll tell you: it's impolite to meet the disrespect of the old man; It is unkind to see a saint disrespectful. If he is not a saint, he will not be humble. Modesty and insincerity can't get the true meaning. This is the saying that' elders hurt the body'. Where the Tao is, saints should also respect it. This fisherman is a wise man. Dare I disrespect him? "

What kind of person is the fisherman? Even the Confucius disciples present were puzzled. Isn't this man just a boating fisherman? Why can he get more courtesy than the emperor? In the eyes of Confucius disciples, Confucius is a saint, but such a saint should pay homage to the clown in front of him. The last sentence Confucius said to Luz illustrates one point: No matter who the person standing in front of you is and what he looks like, he can make people feel humble, and you have to admire him. The so-called "witness and survival". However, this is not something that ordinary people can understand. So Confucius lamented that his disciples were not wise and ignorant. Zhuangzi also wants to tell people that a truly virtuous person is not necessarily different from others.

Through this dialogue, an allusion was created: "Take a break". It tells people that when you realize that what you are doing is wrong, you don't want to do more, but you should immediately calm down and reflect and observe the world with a calm mind. If you can't stop, the more things you do, the more evil traces you leave behind, and you will die. So, if you do something wrong, you can't try to cover it up. The result can only be shattered glass.

The original quotation of Zhuangzi: Fisherman.

Confucius swam in the curtain forest instead of sitting in the apricot altar. Disciples read books, bore bullets and played drums. Before the song was played, the fisherman got off the boat, his eyebrows were white and stunned. He walked on the original line, stopped on the ground, his left hand was on his knees, and his right hand was holding H. At the end of the song, he recruited Zi Gong and Luz, both of whom were right.

The guest pointed to Confucius and said, "Who is he?"

Luz said to him, "Junzi Lu is also a gentleman."

The guest asked his family. Lutz said to him, "Kong family"

The guest said, "How can Confucius rule?"

Lutz didn't answer, and Zi Gong said to him, "Confucius is loyal to the monarch, benevolent, decorated with rites and music, and chooses human relations. Being loyal to the world and the people will benefit the world. The rule of this hole is also. "

Then he asked, "Who owns land?"

Zi Gong said, "No."

"Wang Houzhi made peace?"

Zi Gong said, "No."

The guest smiled and walked on, saying, "Benevolence is benevolence. I'm afraid I can't control it." Try to avoid danger. Oh! If you are far away, you will part ways. "

Zi Gong returned it to Confucius. Confucius pushed the piano up and said, "What is a saint?" Is to ask for it. As for Zepan, he will press his staff and lead his boat. He will visit Confucius and stand in his hometown. Confucius did the opposite and worshipped it.

The guest said, "What does the son want?"

Confucius said, "Mr. Zhu left with a letter of introduction, and the hills were corrupt. I don't know what it means, waiting for the wind secretly. Fortunately, I heard coughing and spitting, and I am also a pawn. "

The guest said, "Hey! I am very eager to learn! "

Confucius said, "Although there are few mountains, I study, so that I am sixty-nine years old and have nothing to learn. How dare I not be modest! "

The guest said, "It is reasonable for the same kind to follow suit and speak with one voice. I ask you to release what I have and the reason for Amethyst. Son is, personnel also. Shu Ren, the emperor's vassal doctor, is self-righteous and the beauty of governing the country; The four are out of place and chaotic. Officials are officials, people do things, but there is no grave. Therefore, Tian Lu, lack of food and clothing, no return, separated from his wife, disorderly length, Shu Ren is also worried; Can be incompetent, the official business is not treated, the line is not innocent, the group is lazy, the merits are not beautiful, the salary is not held, and the doctor is worried; There is no loyal minister in the court, the country is in chaos, the technology is unfortunate, the tribute is not beautiful, the spring and autumn are not smooth, and the princes are worried; The disharmony between Yin and Yang hurts ordinary things from time to time, and the ministers are good at insurrection, killing the people, bad manners and music, poor wealth, bad human relations, people's chaos, and the son of heaven is worried. Today, since you have no position and connections, and you have no officials or ministers, it is not an exaggeration to be good at decorating rituals and choosing human relations to make the people harmonious.

"And people have eight defects, and there are four things that must be observed. If it is not a matter, it is always; Never mind it, it's called it; Say whatever you want, which is flattery; Regardless of right or wrong, it is called admiration; Good words that are evil are called slander; Talking about calling relatives thieves; Praise and deceit overcome the wicked, which is called sorrow; If you don't choose, and your cheeks are comfortable, you will steal what you want. This is called risk. People with these eight defects are confused by people outside and hurt their bodies inside. A gentleman is not a friend, and a wise man is not a minister. The so-called four patients: being good at major events, easy to change, and hanging fame, that is, the past; Specializing in good deeds and invading people's private use is called greed; The more you listen to what you don't see, the more you hear. People can be the same as themselves, but not the same as themselves. Although there are good and bad, they are all poor. So are these four questions. If you can eliminate the eight flaws and do nothing, you can self-study. "

Confucius sighed, bowed again and said, "The mountains will be driven by Lu, cut by Wei, cut by Song and surrounded. Autumn doesn't know what to lose, so why slander here? "

The guest changed his face sadly and said, "It's hard for me to understand! People who stay away from the evil traces of shadows, the more they lift their feet, the more they walk, the sicker they get, and they don't leave their bodies, thinking it is too late, scurrying endlessly and dying with all their strength. I don't know where the shadow is, but it's foolish to keep quiet! When investigating benevolence and righteousness and observing similarities and differences, we can observe the changes of sports, be handy with them, manage likes and dislikes, and be happy and sad, but this is inevitable. If you practice hard, be careful to be true and treat others, you won't be tired. People who don't cultivate themselves today are nothing more than nothing! "

Confucius suddenly said, "What is truth?"

The guest said, "Real people are sincere. Not refined and sincere, not moving. Therefore, those who cry hard are sad but not sad, those who are angry are strict but not arrogant, those who are close to them laugh but not happy, those who are really sad but silent, those who are really angry but not arrogant, and those who are really close but not laughing and make up. If truth is inside and God is outside, that's why truth is precious. For human reason, filial piety for relatives, loyalty for kings, joy for drinking, sadness for mourning. Loyalty is based on merit, drinking is based on pleasure, mourning is based on mourning, and pro is based on comfort. There is no beauty of success; No matter why, it is appropriate to be close to each other; Drinking is for fun, don't choose it; You don't have to ask questions when you are mourning. Ritual, secular trip also; Really, it is not easy to be so influenced by heaven. Therefore, the sage's law is precious and true, not limited to vulgarity. Fools do the opposite. It is not enough to be merciful to others, ignorant of the truth, honest and vulgar. Hey, the fleas on the children are too fake, and the news is late! "

Confucius bowed down again and said, "It's a blessing to meet someone in the mountains today. Teacher Wang is not ashamed and sets an example. Dare to ask where you are, please die because of your career. "

The guest said, "I heard you, but I can follow you." As for the wonderful way; Don't follow the past, you don't know the way. Be careful not to handle it, the body is blameless. Zi Mianzhi, I went to Ziyi, I went to Ziyi! " But he stabbed the boat and left, extending among the reeds.

Yan Yuan returned the car and gave it to Sui and Confucius. When the waves were settled, he dared to ride it again.

Zizi stopped by the roadside and asked, "You have served for so long, and I have never seen Master meet people so well. The Lord of a thousand riders, the king of a thousand riders, is respectful when he sees the Lord, but the Lord is still embarrassed. Today, the fisherman's staff is upside down, and the master's song is curved. It's no exaggeration to say anything! Everyone blames the master, why do fishermen get it! "

Confucius sighed and said, "It's hard to change it!" ! Zhan is good at etiquette, but his simple heart has not gone yet. Enter, I talk to you: it's disrespectful to meet the husband and wife; It is unkind to see a saint without respect. He can't be a servant unless he is human. Inferior is not refined, so it is not true, so it hurts. What a pity! Being unkind to others is a great disaster, but being good at it alone is a disaster. And Tao is the cause of all things. He who loses ordinary things dies, and he who gets ordinary things lives. If you do one thing backwards, you lose, and if you do it smoothly, you succeed. As the saying goes, saints respect it. Today's fisherman is easy to the Tao. I dare disrespect! "

(This article was originally named "Fisherman", which is the exclusive manuscript of Tencent Taoism. Please indicate the source for reprinting. )