Teaching Plan for "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master" for the first grade of high school

Teaching objectives

1. Knowledge education objectives

1. Learn the wonderful character language - thorough reasoning, good rhetoric, and ups and downs, lively plot.

2. Master the common sense of ancient Chinese that appears in the article, and pay attention to the different meanings and usages of polysemy words in different contexts.

2. Ability training objectives

1. Train students’ ability to read and summarize ancient Chinese sentences

2. Accurate identification and application of Tongjia characters

3. Moral education penetration goals

1. Correctly understand Zhu Zhiwu's patriotic spirit when the country was in crisis. He accepted orders in the face of danger, did not avoid danger, and persuaded the King of Qin alone, thus safeguarding national security.

2. Understand Zhu Zhiwu's method of persuading Uncle Qin - he is good at using contradictions and adopts the method of differentiation and disintegration, and understand Zhu Zhiwu's witty and eloquent diplomatic skills.

Key points and difficulties:

Key points: Grasp the character of Zhu Zhiwu. Ups and downs, lively plot.

Difficulty: By studying this lesson, students can have an understanding of the language characteristics of "Zuo Zhuan".

Teaching process:

1. Introduction.

1. In 1955, the famous scientist Qian Xuesen overcame many obstacles and returned to China. At that time, the US Navy Director Kimball said: "I would rather shoot this guy than let him leave the United States. No matter where he is, he is worth five divisions. "Can one person's strength really be worth five divisions? The "Zhu Zhi Wu Retreats the Qin Master" we are going to learn today will tell us the answer to this question.

2. Selected from "Zuo Zhuan". When we were in junior high school, we also learned a text selected from "Zuo Zhuan", which was "On the Battle of Cao GUI".

3. About "Zuo Zhuan"

① Ask a classmate to read Note 1.

②Supplement: About "Zuo Zhuan".

It is my country’s first chronological history book. According to legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the State of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. "Zhuan" means annotation, and "Zuo Zhuan" is an explanatory text for the Confucian classic "Spring and Autumn". The full name of "Zuo Zhuan" is "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi Zhuan", also known as "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". There are also two books that are also interpretations of "Zuo Zhuan", "Chun Qiu Gongyang Zhuan" and "Chun Qiu Gu Liang Zhuan". Therefore, we call these three books "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn".

It records more than 240 years of history in the Spring and Autumn Period. It not only has extremely high historical value, but also has extremely high literary value. It has the characteristics of historical prose of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is rich in content, large in scale, loyal to historical facts, vividly and truly reflects the major changes during the collapse of slave society, and provides future generations with a broad and colorful picture of social life in that era. Various conflicts and struggles within the ruling group, frequent battles and wars among the vassal states, various etiquette systems, social customs, moral concepts and the trivial life events of some characters are all recorded in Zuo Zhuan.

In short, "Zuo Zhuan" has a great influence on the history and literature of later generations. Its artistic achievements are amazing, and it sets a model for later generations of narrative prose.

4. Supplement: About ancient names.

Is Zhu Zhiwu’s surname Zhu Mingzhiwu?

——No. Zhu Zhiwu - Zhu represents the place name, and the surname is named after the town. "Zhu Di, a person named Wu"

Yi Zhihu - Yi means the name of the place, and the surname is named after the town. "Anonymous, the man named Fox

2. Read the text and perceive it as a whole.

1. Read the text with questions. Question: What kind of story does the text tell? What?

2. Correct the pronunciation.

① New words: Han (hán) (fàn)佚 (yì)缼缼 (zhuì) Que (jué)

②Polyphonetic words: Chao (zhao) (Example: Chaoji Er Xi set up the edition Yan) meet (páng) (the name of the person is Feng Sun)

③ Tongjiazi:

Now that I am old, I can’t do anything ("has" is the same as "矣") < /p>

Yan Yong died and Zheng Yi accompanied his neighbors ("accompany" is the same as "time")

Qin Bo said ("shuo" is the same as "yue")

Lost it What is given is unknown ("knowledge" is the same as "wisdom")

3. Question: What kind of story does the text tell?

Qin and Jin besieged Zheng, and Zheng was in danger. Zhu Zhiwu followed Lord Zheng's order and went to the State of Qin alone. He persuaded Lord Qin and avoided the disaster of war.

4. Solution:

Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army.

Retreat: Use the method to make ----- retreat

Division: Army

3. Explain the text.

(1) Explain the first paragraph.

1. Read the first paragraph first. Read the first paragraph together. What is written in the first paragraph? ——Qin and Jin besieged Zheng

2. Why did Qin and Jin besiege Zheng? ——"It was rude to Jin, but also to Chu"

Supplementary background:

①The siege of Zheng by Qin and Jin took place in 630 BC. Before that, Zheng Guo offended Jin Guo by two things. First, when Duke Wen of Jin passed by the State of Zheng on his escape, the State of Zheng did not treat him politely; second, in the Battle of Chengpu between Jin and Chu in 632 BC, the State of Zheng sent troops to help the State of Chu. As a result, the Battle of Chengpu ended with Chu's defeat. Zheng Guo felt that the situation was not good and immediately sent an envoy to Jin to establish a good relationship with Jin. However, in order to fight for hegemony, Jin Wengong still launched the war two years later.

②Why did the Jin State unite with the Qin State to besiege the Zheng State? This is because Qin also wanted to compete for hegemony and expand outward. The Battle of Chengpu that took place in 632 BC was actually a war between two major military groups. On one side is the allied army of Jin, Song, Qi, and Qin led by Duke Wen of Jin, and on the other side is the allied army of Chu, Chen, Cai, and Zheng, led by Chu. Two years later, when Jin launched a war against Zheng, it was natural to find a capable partner. Qin and Jin have always had a good relationship in history; more importantly, Qin at this time also had the desire to expand outward, so the alliance between Qin and Jin was inevitable.

3. Key explanations:

① Qi Er is in Chu Ye - allied with Chu after allying with Jin. Adverbial postpositional sentence

②The Jin army (in) Hanling - army, the noun is conjugated into a verb, garrison, garrison. (Omitted sentence)

"Jin | Jun Hanling, Qin | Jun Xibao. Is it correct to break the sentence like this? Why is it broken like this? "Jun" is a noun and used as a verb. At the same time, it can also be obvious It can be seen that Qin and Jin were stationed in two places, why did they torture and explain? (This paved the way for the following)

③ Because of his rudeness to Jin - (inverted sentence)

"Yu" in "It is rude to Jin, and it is also Yu Chu" is a preposition, which is equivalent to "for" in modern Chinese, and is a common preposition-object structure in ancient Chinese. Postposition, according to the word order of modern Chinese, it should be: because it was rude to Jin. The translation into modern Chinese is: because the state of Zheng was rude to Duke Wen of Jin. The "二" in the sentence "Qi Er Yu Chu Ye" refers to the two subordinates. "Yu" is a preposition, which introduces "Chu", one of the two main characters. Translated into modern Chinese: and in alliance with the Jin State, it also formed an alliance with the Chu State.

④二 is a numeral. "jun" is a noun verb; "," is used as a conjunction to express cause-and-effect relationships; "qi" is a pronoun, representing the state of Zheng; special sentence pattern: rude to Jin, second to Chu. Remind students to look at the adjustment of sentence order from the perspective of translation, and get this sentence. The preposition structure "Yu Jin" and "Yu Chu" should originally be in front of "rude" and "二", but they are behind them in the sentence, so it is a postposition of the preposition phrase in the inverted structure, also called Adverbial postposition.

Translation: Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Mu of Qin jointly attacked Zheng State because Zheng State had been unreasonable to Duke Wen of Jin and allied with Chu State after allying with Jin State.

The Jin army was stationed in Hanling, and the Qin army was stationed in Zongxi.

4. Qin and Jin besieged Zheng with a fierce attack, and Zheng's situation was critical, exaggerating the atmosphere. At the same time, both matters are related to Jin's interests and have little to do with Qin, so Qin can fight for them; the two armies are stationed separately, and Zheng has the opportunity to contact Qin alone, laying the groundwork for Zhu's talk about Qin.

(2) Explain the second paragraph.

1. Read the second paragraph. What is written in the second paragraph? ——Zhu Zhiwu was ordered to do so in danger

2. Key explanations:

① I am not as strong as others - when I was young, I was not as good as others. It is: Particle, not translated

②There is nothing that can be done - nothing can be done. Incompetent: unable. Already: Same as "矣", modal particle at the end of the sentence.

③It’s everyone’s fault—it’s my fault. Yes: this. (Judgement sentence)

④The fox said to Zheng Bo - an inverted sentence, the preposition structure is a postposition sentence, and the normal sentence pattern after restoration should be "The fox said to Zheng Boy"; < /p>

⑤Ci Yue: Omit the sentence, and complete it as "(Zhu Zhiwu) Ci Yue";

This is my fault: in a judgment sentence, the word "ye" indicates judgment.

Translation: Yi Zhihu said to Zheng Bo: "The country is in danger. If Zhu Zhiwu is sent to see the King of Qin, the Qin army will definitely retreat." Zheng Bo listened to Yi Zhihu's opinion. (Zhu Zhiwu) declined and said: "When I was in my prime, I was not as good as others; now that I am old, I can't do anything." Zheng Bo said: "I couldn't use you earlier. I beg you now in crisis. This is mine. It's your fault. However, if the state of Zheng is destroyed, you will be disadvantaged." (Zhu Zhiwu) agreed.

3. The article writes about a lost fox who can understand things: he has enough understanding of Zhu Zhiwu, but he is written to serve Zhu Zhiwu. Zhu Zhiwu’s absence has caused confusion attracted strong attention from readers. Zhu Zhiwu can be said to be a man who never meets a strong man, and a hero meets his end. He is full of complaints and grievances, but he can put national affairs first and understand the righteousness. The article also focuses on Uncle Zheng, who has the courage to blame himself and can move people with his emotion and sincerity.

Yi Zhihu: A minister who cares about national affairs and has confidence in Zhu Zhiwu’s diplomatic ability

Zhu Zhiwu: Full of complaints and complaints

Zheng Bo: A king who dares to blame himself is sincere and graceful

4. ① "The lost fox said... the teacher must retreat."

A. Image portrayal of Zhu Zhi In the image of Wu, before seeing the person, one first hears his reputation (namely "talent").

B. Here we can also get a glimpse of Yi Zhihu’s side of knowing people and being good at tasks.

C. We can also get a glimpse of Zheng Bo’s side of accepting advice.

② The words said: "The minister is so strong..."

Further portraying the image of Zhu Zhiwu, he is a minister who is full of talents but has not been reused. The characters are more vivid.

③The Duke said: "..." Xu Zhi.

A. Zheng Bo first blamed himself, which reflected the demeanor of a wise king, and then moved Zhu Zhiwu with a thorough analysis of national interests, situation and personal interests. He can be said to be good at ideological work.

B. Zhu Zhiwu finally agreed and decided to put the national interests first and go to see Uncle Qin alone, which reflected his profound understanding of righteousness.

(3) What methods did Zhu Zhiwu use to lobby? Does it have any effect? We see the third paragraph. What is written in the third paragraph? ——Wisdom to retreat from Master Qin

1. Focus on the following words:

① Dare to bother the deacon - take the liberty to trouble you with (this matter). It means, (if destroying the State of Zheng is good for your State of Qin,) then please come and destroy us.

②Why use the death of Zheng to accompany your neighbors? Why should you help Jin to destroy Zheng and increase the land of your neighbor Jin?

③Fu Jin, why do you hate it? When will the Jin Kingdom be satisfied? This is a question using "zhi" to mention Bin. Teabing's "zhi" that I learned in junior high school includes: a What's wrong with it? The love of lotus is rarely heard of after Tao. cChrysanthemum's love, who can give it to me? dThe love of peony is suitable for everyone.

④ Uncle Qin said that he would make an alliance with Zheng. Uncle Qin was happy and made an alliance with Zheng. Alliance, the noun is used as a verb, and it is interpreted as making a covenant.

2. "Ye...Uncle Qin": It shows that the situation is critical and Zhu is not afraid of danger.

3. Now everyone is reading Zhu Zhiwu’s speech. During the reading process, can you roughly mark the geographical location of the three kingdoms of Qin, Jin and Zheng? Simply mark it, if the three are on a straight line. (Question)

(Qin——Jin——Zheng)

Very good. With this strategic diagram, it is not difficult for everyone to understand why we can convince Uncle Qin. This is a prerequisite for convincing Uncle Qin. < /p>

(1) "The country of Yue is far away, but you know how difficult it is." From this formal diagram, we can also clearly see Qin's disadvantages.

(2) Therefore, Zhu Zhiwu positioned himself at the beginning, "Zheng knew he was dead", and then said "If he died...,,,,,, deacon", from the formal diagram , it can also be seen that when Qin and Jin besieged Zheng, it was Jin who benefited. If you want to advance, suppress it first, and use retreat to advance. (Speak frankly and avoid its arrogance: Zheng already knows his demise.)

(3) Jin is strong, but Qin is weak in comparison. Explain the pros and cons and sway the king of Qin. (The destruction of Zheng is only beneficial to Jin: if the neighbors are strong, the king is weak.)

(4) What would happen if Zheng is not destroyed? "The king will not be harmed." Think for the sake of Qin and lure him with benefits. (Abandoning Zheng will be beneficial to Qin: the king will do no harm.)

(5) Jin has acted dishonestly in the past, can it still be believed? Citing history as an example to provoke Qin and Jin. (The king knows it.)

(6) (Qin——Jin——Zheng) speculates on the future and advises Qin to be cautious. (Weijun pictures this.)

Searching to the west and sealing Zheng to the east

(7) From this picture, it can be seen that Zhu Zhiwu’s remarks are all centered around A "profit" unfolds, as if everything is for the sake of Qin. In fact, it is entirely to preserve Zheng, and the alliance of Qin and Jin will also be damaged. This is "if the affairs of the world unite for benefit, they must also separate for benefit."

Zhu Zhiwu’s impeccable tongue is stronger than a million-strong warrior. The main reason why he was able to convince Duke Mu of Qin was that he always cared about Qin (on the surface), and there were good reasons. This rhetoric only has 125 words, but it is neither humble nor arrogant, does not irritate the other party, and yet does not lose the dignity of the country. It reveals the hypocrisy of the alliance between Qin and Jin, the disadvantages of Zheng's death to Qin, and Jin's greed and treachery. It is euphemistic and comprehensive. Going deeper into the topic step by step and impressing the other party every sentence is indeed a very beautiful piece of diplomatic rhetoric.

3. The results of talking about Qin are:

① Qin and Zheng made a covenant; ② Qin stationed troops to guard Zheng.

4. Qin... Naihuan: Qin weighed the interests and decided to retreat, but sent people to stay behind to guard the fortress, which reflected his cunning side.

5. Knowledge points:

Death: the use of the verb as a verb; Li: the use of the adjective as a verb;

Que: the use of the adjective as a verb;

Bi: the connotative use of nouns; Feng: the connotative use of nouns;

Thick: the conjugation of adjectives into verbs; thin: the conjugation of adjectives into verbs;

We sleepy: the adjective is conjugated into a verb;

Dong: the noun is conjugated into an adverbial;

Pei: used with the character "double"; ***: used with the character "gong" ”;

阙: The word “礍” is connected to the word “礍”; the word “shuo” is connected to the word “褍”;

阙: The word is connected to the word “false”, which means “que” or “dig”;

Think: synonyms of ancient and modern, ancient meaning: regard... as; modern meaning: think.

Luggage: ancient and modern synonyms. The ancient meaning is: a person who is on a mission; the current meaning is: a package taken when traveling.

Host: a synonym for ancient and modern times, the ancient meaning is: the host on the Eastern road; the current meaning is: the host who entertains guests.

Lack of sleep: ancient and modern synonyms, ancient meaning: something lacking; modern meaning: poor spirit.

He Yanzhiyou: object preposition sentence, after restoration it should be: He Yanzhiyou.

If Zheng is destroyed, it will be beneficial to you: The preposition structure is postpositioned, and after restoration, it should be: If Zheng is destroyed, it will be beneficial to you.

(4) Explain the fourth paragraph.

——The evacuation of the Jin army

1. Focus on the following words:

①Mrs. Wei’s power is not as good as this——If it were not for the power of that person (Qin Mugong), I would not be able to It will get to this point. See notes below. Micro, if not. When I was in junior high school, I learned the sentence "Weisi people, who should we go back to?" The word "wei" in it also means the same.

② I want to return it - let's go back. Among them, modal particles represent the tone of discussion. I learned a lot of examples like this when I was in junior high school: Is there really no horse? (Is it true that there is no thousand-mile horse? Yes, the tone of the rhetorical question.) b. Do you really not know about horses? (I'm afraid I really don't know Chollima. It expresses a conjectural tone.)

　③He also left - also left the state of Zheng. Go and leave. (The ancient and modern meanings of this word are just the opposite. The modern meaning means going to... a place. For example: ① When tourists go, the birds are happy. ② There is someone who goes to a country and returns home, worried about slander and fear of ridicule.)

2 , and wrote about the withdrawal of the Jin army from the state of Zheng. Duke Wen of Jin was sober-minded. He retreated with three reasons: "unkindness", "ignorance" and "not using force". "Unkindness" is just a high-sounding reason. If he really believed in "benevolence and righteousness", he would not have sent troops to attack Zheng in the first place. "Ignorance" is the essence, and "knowledge" is reason, which is an objective analysis of the actual situation and a calm judgment on the consequences of using force; "not using force" is because victory or defeat is unpredictable. Therefore, in the final analysis, Jin's retreat was due to the word "profit". This is a kind of forbearance and adaptability to changes in mind and strategy, which is the fundamental reason why Jin Wengong finally became a hegemon.

3. So the ending of the story is that Jin Wengong resolutely withdrew his troops and Zheng Guo turned the corner. And this is exactly what Zhu Zhiwu wants to achieve.

4. Knowledge points.

杝: Conjugate adjectives into verbs; Zhi: use false characters to communicate "wisdom".

Madam: synonymous with ancient and modern times, the ancient meaning is: that person; the current meaning is: the spouse of an adult man.

Go: ancient and modern synonyms, the ancient meaning is: to leave; the current meaning is: to arrive, to go.

It is unkind to destroy something due to human strength: judgmental sentence.

4. Analyze the character image.

1. Zhu Zhiwu:

(1) A patriot with a profound understanding of justice.

(2) A warrior who overcomes difficulties and never looks back.

(3) An eloquent and eloquent debater.

2. Zheng Bo:

(1) Good at accepting advice.

(2) Have the courage to blame yourself.

(3) Good at eloquence.

3. Uncle Qin: Greedy, selfish, untrustworthy, and unjust for profit.

4. Jin Wengong: greedy, but rational, able to endure, adapt to changes, assess the situation, and have great talent and strategy.

5. Yi Zhihu: Bole who has a keen eye and recognizes talents.

(1) The first character-Zheng Bo. (Good at accepting advice, brave enough to blame oneself, good at eloquence)

1. Find students to read what Uncle Zheng said.

I was unable to use my son earlier, and now I am in a hurry to ask for a son. It is my fault. However, if Zheng dies, my son will also be disadvantaged.

Tell me what you think of him. (Most students would say that Uncle Zheng was a monarch who was courteous and virtuous and obeyed his advice promptly.)

Inspiration: Is there any other understanding: Why did he become courteous and virtuous for no reason?

Only when things get tough do you start looking for talents.

2. Let the students taste his words: "However, if Zheng dies, his son will also be disadvantaged."

- The implication is: you come out to work to do me a favor. It’s also a favor for you. If you don’t want to help, it won’t do you any good either. There was a hint of threat in the words.

Think again about the reason why Qin and Jin attacked Zheng - when they treated Duke Wen of Jin lightly, we know that Uncle Zheng was a short-sighted and selfish person.

3. What lessons can be drawn from Uncle Zheng?

——We must continue to explore and value talents, and do not wait until a crisis occurs before reusing talents.

(2) The second character - Yi Zhihu.

(A Bole who recognizes talents with a keen eye)

Is he really a Bole who recognizes heroes with a keen eye?

1. Ask students to read the words of Yi Zhihu: The country is in danger! If Zhu Zhiwu is allowed to see Lord Qin, the army will retreat!

Let students talk about their views on Lost Fox. Most students would say this is a bole. Then ask students to think about the following questions: Is he really a Bole who has a keen eye to recognize heroes?

Supplement: According to historical records, the initial candidate to persuade Uncle Qin was Yi Zhihu, and Yi Zhihu may not be able to persuade the Qin army to retreat. But why did he recommend Zhu Zhiwu instead of going there himself?

As the name suggests, the fox smell in Yi Zhihu’s body is too strong. Entering the land of tigers and wolves alone, can you convince Uncle Qin that no one dares to give a guarantee? If you accidentally offend Uncle Qin, it doesn't matter if you lose your head, you may be firmly nailed to the pillar of shame in history. People point and point. Lifting Zhu Zhiwu can not only increase the chance of success, but also gain the reputation of "Bole" while achieving Zhu Zhiwu. So he is a cunning fox!

2. Through his words, we can know that he knows Zhu Zhiwu very well. So since he knew that Zhu Zhiwu was so capable, why did he only recommend him now? What kind of mentality does he have? ——Jealousy, pink eye.

(3) The third key figure - Zhu Zhiwu

1. Zhu Zhiwu is eloquent and extremely intelligent. Why are such people so useless?

Those in power do not pay attention to selecting talents, and the jealousy of those in power.

2. It can be seen from the article that he has a thorough understanding of national affairs. Since Zhu Zhiwu has never been used, what does he want to do if he understands it so thoroughly?

Inspiration: Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang three times at the thatched cottage, and Zhuge Liang talked to him about the general trend of the world. It can be said that Zhuge Liang was preparing to leave the mountain before he came out.

The same is true for Zhu Zhiwu. Although his talent was not met, he did not give up his hope. It's not that Zhu Zhiwu doesn't want to do something in his career, his heart has never given up the desire to "fly into the sky". He is constantly paying attention to the world situation and thinking about the path to stabilize the world and help the people achieve their ambitions. You think about how a little "Bima Wen" could be so clear about the history of Jin, the character of the king of Jin, the psychology of Uncle Qin, and the grievances between Qin and Jin. The lofty sentiments of "the old man is brave but has the ambition to reach a thousand miles" is undoubtedly the main reason why future generations admire them.

3. Such a person whose talent has not been revealed for a long time still came out to relieve the country when the country was in trouble.

We can imagine what it would be like for such an old man with all white hair and beard to come out at night. When he walked into the Qin camp on crutches, he was so righteous and solemn, looking at death as if he were home.

4. A patriot who understands righteousness; a warrior who rises to the challenge and never looks back; a debater who is eloquent and eloquent.

5. In the face of national crisis, Zhu Zhiwu understands the righteousness and never looks back; in the face of the powerful Qin, Zhu Zhiwu is neither humble nor arrogant, eloquent, intelligent and witty. His patriotism, regardless of personal gains and losses, his patriotic spirit of always thinking about Zheng Guo's safety, and his confidence and courage to go to the enemy camp without looking back are all worth learning from. But from our current perspective, does he also have some small shortcomings?

Why didn’t Zhu Zhiwu boldly “praise himself” before Zheng Bo like the late Mao Sui three hundred years later when he was “strong as a minister”?

5. Writing characteristics.

1. The plot has ups and downs.

The events in the article are one after another. Does the plot develop smoothly?

——No. It is a series of twists and turns, ups and downs

Clearly: the army presses the situation (a hundred thousand urgent) - the lost fox recommends Zhu Zhiwu (a glimmer of hope) - Zhu Zhiwu complains (waves) - Zheng Pingping gives up the candle Zhiwu's resentment (turning point) - Zhu Zhiwu's mission to defeat the enemy was successful (a great success) - Zifu proposed to attack Qin (crisis occurred) - Jin Gong Xiaoxiao reasoned (a false alarm).

The article has tension and relaxation, and twists and turns, which increases the artistic appeal of the article.

2. Foreshadowing and echo.

So, with all the twists and turns and ups and downs in the article, are you falling from the cliff to the deep valley all at once?

No, but the foreshadowing and allusion are set up very naturally.

Clear: Although this text is short, when telling the story, you can pay attention to the foreshadowing and allusion everywhere. For example, when explaining the reason why Qin and Jin besieged Zheng, it was said that "it was rude to Jin and even more rude to Chu", which shows that Qin and Zheng did not have much conflict. This laid the groundwork for Zhu Zhiwu's plan to retreat from the Qin army. "The light comes out at night" echoes the beginning of "Qin and Jin are surrounding Zheng" and "the country is in danger". "Xu Junjiao, Xia, and set up the edition in the morning and evening" and "Mrs. Wei's power is beyond this" also echo the above article. Although Qin and Jin acted jointly, they seemed to be inseparable. They were neither stationed together, nor did each other's actions. There is no need to notify the other party, which provides conditions for the alliance between Qin and Zheng.

3. The details are appropriate.

This text mainly shows how Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army, so the focus is on Zhu Zhiwu's rhetoric. Only a brief explanation of the causes and consequences of "retiring the Qin division" was given. From the siege of Zheng by Qin and Jin to the evacuation of the Jin army, it should be said that many things happened during this period, but the author did not list them one by one, such as how the kings and ministers of Zheng were anxiously waiting for news about Zhu Zhiwu, and how arrogant and arrogant Qin Bo was. The article did not mention a word about the envoys of the country that was about to be subjugated, but concentrated on creating the image of Zhu Zhiwu. The word "fine" was noted in the selection of materials, and the details were appropriate, so that it was complicated but not complicated, had a beginning and an end, and was well-organized.

6. After-school exercise question 2.

7. If you have time, read aloud by role.

Blackboard design: Zhu Zhiwu retreats from the Qin army