The specialty of my hometown is wheat. What are the characteristics of wheat?

(1) soil preparation

1, land leveling.

2. The soil layer is deep.

3. Good structure.

4. High organic matter and nutrient content.

(2) Wheat field preparation technology: early, deep, loose, broken, clean and flat.

Early soil preparation after the previous harvest;

Deep-add deep ploughing layer appropriately;

Loose-the surface is loose, breathable and not hardened;

Broken-less soil residue;

Clean-timely stubble removal, no crop root rot on the topsoil;

Flat-the ground is flat and the car is flat and straight.

(3) Fertilization

1, fertilization characteristics of wheat

(1) absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by wheat;

Nitrogen accounts for 2.2% of the dry weight of wheat grain and is an important part of cell protoplasm.

Phosphorus accounts for 0.7-0.9% of the dry weight of wheat grain and is a component of nuclear protein.

Potassium accounts for 0.5-0.6% of the dry weight of wheat grains, which promotes the synthesis and transportation of carbohydrates.

(2) Amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by wheat (production 100 kg of wheat)

Pure nitrogen: 2.75-3.23 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 46.8-54.9 kg;

Phosphorus pentoxide: 0.88- 1.39 kg, converted calcium superphosphate 106- 16.7 kg;

Potassium oxide: 2.4-4.0 kg, converted into potassium chloride 14.4-24 kg.

(3) Wheat and trace elements. Wheat needs to absorb trace elements such as manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum during its growth and development.

Manganese deficiency: Wheat leaves are soft and drooping, sometimes with gray spots.

Zinc deficiency: it affects the tillering of wheat and reduces the rate of ear formation.

Boron deficiency: stamens are poorly developed, and pollen is few and poor, which reduces the seed setting rate.

Molybdenum deficiency: Wheat has short plants, small ears, few grains and low yield.

(4) Fertilization method

A. Fertilizer application amount for producing 200-250kg wheat (calculated by standard mu): the total nitrogen application amount is12.5kg;

Fertilization amount for producing 450-500 kilograms of wheat (calculated by standard mu): the total nitrogen application amount is 50 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate, 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, potassium fertilizer 10- 15 kilograms, and organic matter accounts for 60-70%. Lamla special fertilizer can be selected.

B base fertilizer: 2500kg organic fertilizer is applied to the standard mu, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer account for 60% of the total fertilizer.

Topdressing: topdressing accounts for 40%.

(5) Planting density

A. Relationship between density and photosynthetic production: Wheat production is a process of absorbing sunlight energy through photosynthesis and converting it into organic matter. Reasonable close planting can make full use of solar energy, and the density is too low, which wastes light energy and reduces photosynthetic products; When the density is too high, the respiration is accelerated, the consumption of photosynthetic products is also increased, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the functional leaves die early, the photosynthetic life is shortened, and the synthetic organic matter is reduced.

B. Relationship between density and yield components: Planting density is generally the basic seedling, which is the basis of yield formation. With the increase of density, the number of spikes per unit area increased, but the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased. When the density decreased, the number of spikes decreased, but the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight increased. Generally, the basic number of seedlings per mu is required to be 1.5-0.3 million, which is a suitable planting density.

(6) Select improved varieties. Excellent variety characteristics: high yield, good quality, strong stress resistance and stable yield. At present, the improved varieties used in production are: Zhengmai 9023, Emai 23, Emai 18 and Huamai 13.

(7) sowing date, sowing amount and sowing method

A. sowing date.

The average daily temperature of winter varieties is 17- 18℃ and 10, and then sowing is carried out;

The average daily temperature of semi-winter varieties 15- 16℃ should be sown before 10 month;

In spring, the daily average temperature of varieties 13- 14℃, 10 ends and sowing begins;

Sowing in North China in mid-September;

Sow 5438+065438+ 10 in mid-June in South China;

Sowing was carried out in Central China from late June to early October of/kloc-0.

B, sowing amount. Generally, sowing per mu 15- 18 kg.

C, sowing method. There are three broadcast modes: drilling, broadcasting and on-demand.

Wheat field management

1. Growth characteristics and field management of seedling at tillering stage.

1. Growth characteristics: emergence and tillering stage, from sowing to jointing stage.

Spring wheat seedling emergence-jointing 4 leaves enter the young panicle extension period;

Semi-winter wheat seedling stage-jointing 5 leaves enter the young panicle extension stage;

Winter wheat seedling emergence-jointing 7-8 leaves enter the young panicle extension period.

2. Cultivation characteristics

(1) wants Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang.

(2) Strive for early tillering and rooting.

(3) The purpose of strong seedlings overwintering is achieved.

(4) Accumulating more nutrients is conducive to safe overwintering and laying a foundation for increasing production.

3. Management measures

(1) Seedling fertilizer: topdressing the quick-acting fertilizer once after the whole seedling to promote seedling growth and early tillering, generally topdressing urea 5-8kg per mu;

(2) Tillering fertilizer: the amount of tillering fertilizer should not be too much, so as to avoid vigorous growth before winter and reduce cold resistance. Generally, topdressing urea is 8- 10 kg per mu;

(3) Wax fertilizer: From winter to the future, 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is generally applied to consolidate tillering before winter and promote young panicle differentiation.

(4) Chemical weeding: 200-300g of 25% chlorotoluron wettable powder is mixed with 65,438+0.20kg of water, and sprayed from sowing to emergence, with the best spraying effect in rainy days.

(5) Wheat pressing: Wheat pressing is generally carried out during overwintering, so as to inhibit strong seedlings, control the upper part and promote the lower part, shorten the length of the first and second internodes at the stem base, increase the thickness and improve the lodging resistance.

(6) Prevention of freezing injury: The main measures to prevent freezing injury include selecting varieties with strong cold resistance, sowing in time, cultivating strong seedlings, watering before the cold wave comes to reduce freezing injury.

Second, the growth characteristics and field management at jointing and booting stage

1. Reproductive characteristics: jointing and booting stage includes jointing, booting, heading and other growth stages, belonging to the period of simultaneous vegetative growth and reproductive growth. When the temperature rises above 10℃ in early spring, wheat begins to jointing, and the tillers after jointing are generally ineffective tillers. After booting stage, florets differentiate and partially degenerate. The growth of stems and leaves is mainly at jointing stage, and the growth of stems and ears is mainly at booting stage.

2. On-site management:

1 topdressing.

Jointing stage: Generally, topdressing urea is about 1.5kg per mu to increase grain weight and prevent premature aging.

Booting stage: Generally, 5-6 kilograms of urea should be applied topdressing per mu to increase the nutrition supply in the ear and promote the development of reproductive organs.

2. Clean ditches and drainage stains.

From late February to early March, wheat began to jointing, and the rain gradually increased in March, leading to many diseases of wheat. Attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining stains in wheat fields, lowering water level and alleviating diseases.

3 prevent lodging.

A, adopt short-stem varieties. B, reasonable fertilization and watering. C, control the flourishing growth, when the wheat grows excessively, it can be controlled by chlormequat chloride.

3. Growth characteristics and field management at heading maturity

1, reproductive characteristics. This stage refers to the reproductive growth period of wheat after heading. The heading time of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is about mid-April, about 40 days. This stage is the period of wheat grain formation, and it is also the key period to determine the number of wheat grains.

2. Management measures.

(1) Reasonable irrigation and drainage. After wheat heading, the physiological water demand increases, which is the peak of wheat water demand in a lifetime. Generally, the soil moisture content is required to be about 70% of the maximum field water holding capacity. It's rainy in April and May in the south, so we should pay attention to cleaning ditches and draining stains. Open water can be drained and dark water can be filtered.

(2) pest control. Wheat has the harm of armyworm, aphid, scab, powdery mildew and rust in the late growth stage.

A. Pests: Insecticides can be used for control.

B. diseases: first, prevention and treatment of scab. Mixture of carbendazim and trichlorfon can be used; Control of powdery mildew. The second is the prevention and treatment of rust. Dilute the solution with dichlorvos sodium salt or acid dichlorvos 200 times, and mix it with washing powder twice to prevent it.

Fourth, harvest