Tell me the kind of lenses. What are the characteristics of standard lenses? About photography

Only through the lens can the external scene be focused on the focal plane of the camera. The quality of the image mainly depends on the material of the lens, the quality of coating and the accuracy of assembly. Low dispersion, aspheric surface, image stabilizer and constant large aperture are important indicators of brand lenses today.

Lens type:

1. standard lens

The focal length of the standard lens is close to the diagonal of the negative (digital camera is a photographic sensor), so its shooting vision is roughly similar to that of the human eye, and the perspective ratio is basically the same. Its characteristics are better imaging quality, smaller perspective deformity and large absolute aperture, which is more suitable for retaking or shooting with natural light in low illumination environment.

2. Wide-angle lens

Wide-angle lens has shorter focal length than standard lens, and has the imaging characteristics of wide viewing angle, small imaging and long depth of field. It is especially suitable for taking large depth-of-field photos of panoramic views or landscapes. Generally, wide-angle lenses are used when shooting scenery, conferences, news, travel photos and life photos, which are commonly used by photographers.

3. Long focal length lens

The long focal length lens has a longer focal length than the standard lens, and has the imaging characteristics of small viewing angle, large imaging and short depth of field. Suitable for shooting close-ups, close-ups and objects that need to be shot from a distance but are inconvenient to shoot. When shooting at close range with a long focal length lens with a large aperture, because the depth of field is short and the focal length is relatively high, it is best to carefully check whether it is manual focusing or automatic focusing to ensure clear focus.

4. Zoom lens

The above three lenses are all fixed focal length lenses, but the zoom lens is the most commonly used by photographers at present. Zoom lens is more convenient for framing. You can capture scenes from different perspectives by changing the focal length of the lens without changing the position of the viewpoint. The main types of zoom lenses are wide-angle to medium-focus zoom lenses, medium-focus to telephoto zoom lenses and telephoto zoom lenses. Users of APS-C single-lens reflex digital cameras can generally choose zoom lenses of 18-55mm( 18-35mm) and 70-2 10mm to meet the daily needs of shooting various subjects. The imaging quality of early zoom lenses is generally slightly worse than that of fixed-focus lenses, and the effective aperture is not large enough. With the development of science and technology, the imaging quality of zoom lens is not inferior to that of fixed-focus lens, and zoom lens with large effective aperture and high zoom ratio has appeared.

5. Special effects lens

(1) axis shift lens

Axis-shifting lens has the function of correcting forward perspective deformation, which is mainly used to shoot buildings. The axis-shifting lens can move the center of the image plane of the lens above or below the center of the focusing plane under the premise of viewing at a vertical angle, so that the top or bottom of the building can move into the picture more, and the vertical line remains vertical.

(2) Macro lens

Macro lens is mainly used to shoot small objects at close range. Macro lens has a good performance in controlling perspective, color reproduction, clarity and so on. When used, it is no different from ordinary lens, and can also be used to shoot ordinary scenes. There are three commonly used macro lenses: one with a focal length of 55-60mm, which is similar to a standard lens, and the other with a focal length of 90- 105mm, such as the famous Longteng MFSP90mm macro lens; There is also a macro lens with focal lengths of 180mm and 200mm. The macro lens with long focal length can get larger images even at a long distance, and it is very effective to shoot small insects. Macro lenses have different grades, specifications and imaging magnifications, but the close-range magnifications of most macro lenses are 1: 1, and some magnifications are 1:2 or 2: 1. Although most portable digital cameras can shoot at close range at present, their close-range imaging quality is definitely not as good as that of macro lens.