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Forest fire prevention knowledge

1. The dangers of forest fires

Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy of the forest and the most terrifying disaster in the forestry industry. It will cause great harm to the forest. bring about the most harmful and devastating consequences. Forest fires not only burn down vast areas of forest and harm the animals in the forest, but also reduce the forest's renewal capacity, cause soil infertility, destroy the forest's role in water conservation, and even cause the ecological environment to lose balance. Although science in today's world is advancing at a rapid pace, humans have still not made great progress in controlling forest fires.

2. Types and classifications of forest fires

Based on the burning location of forest fires, the speed of spread, and the location and extent of damage, forest fires can be roughly divided into three major categories: 1. Surface Fire 2. Crown fire 3. Underground fire

Based on the size of the affected forest area, forest fires are divided into the following four categories:

1. Forest fire: The affected forest area is less than 1 hectare. or other forest fires (including wild fires);

2. General forest fires: the affected forest area is more than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectares;

3. Major forest fires: the affected forests The area is more than 100 hectares but less than 1,000 hectares;

4. Extremely large forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1,000 hectares;

3. Causes of forest fires

There are two main categories of causes of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires

(1) Man-made fires include the following types:

1. Productive fire sources: agriculture and forestry , fire for animal husbandry production, fire for forest sideline production, fire for industrial, mining and transportation production, etc.;

2. Non-productive fire sources: such as smoking in the wild, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc.;

3. Intentional arson

Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, forest fires caused by reclamation, burning, smoking, etc. are the most common. Among the forest fires in our city, fires caused by smoking, burning wasteland, and visiting graves and burning paper account for an absolute number.

(2) Natural fire: including lightning fire, spontaneous combustion, etc. Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total number of forest fires in my country.

4. Three factors affecting fire

Temperature, humidity and unit flammable load.

5. Fighting forest fires

(1) How to strengthen safety measures when fighting fires

Strengthen fire-fighting organizations. One is to send comrades with fire fighting experience to serve as frontline commanders. Second, the temporarily organized fire fighting personnel must designate section and team leaders. The third is to clarify fire fighting disciplines and safety matters. The fourth is to check whether the fire-fighting supplies meet the requirements. The fire-fighting clothing is very loose and flame-retardant. The fifth is to strengthen fire reconnaissance and organize fire scene communications, rescue and logistical support. Sixth, enter the fire from the end of the fire and fight along the fire lines of the two wings of the fire. Seventh, do not start fires directly into the wind, do not start fires on mountain fires, do not start fires on cliffs, steep slopes and broken terrain, do not put out fires directly in windy weather or strong fire conditions, and do not put out fires in densely populated areas with combustibles. Eighth, use fire extinguishing equipment correctly.

(2) What are the self-rescue methods for escape?

Retreat to the safe zone. When fighting a fire, the fire-fighting team (group) should observe changes in the fire scene. In the event of flying fires and cyclones, organize fire-fighting personnel to enter areas with burnt areas, little vegetation, and low flames. The second is to ignite the fire according to the regulations and save yourself. It is necessary to unite the command, choose a relatively flat place, and lie down according to the regulations to avoid danger. When danger occurs, you should choose a nearby place with little vegetation and lie down with your feet facing the direction of the fire. Scrape away the floating soil until you see wet soil. Put your face into the small pit, wrap your head with clothes, and put your hands in front of your body. . The fourth is to break out into the wind according to regulations. When the wind direction changes suddenly and the fire turns around, the commander must decisively issue a breakout order, and the team members themselves must make a prompt decision, choose a place with smaller grass and less grass, wrap their heads with clothes, hold their breath, and fight fiercely against the wind. A person should be able to break through within 7.5 seconds. You must never race against fire, you can only rush against it.