How to write comments on the history of the Song Dynasty

1. Song Dynasty belongs to the middle period of feudal society development. In Song Dynasty, the rulers implemented the policy of keeping the inside empty and keeping the outside empty, which effectively maintained the long-term stability of the internal ruling situation and made the social economy in a relatively stable development period. Social production developed rapidly in Song Dynasty, and the development level of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce greatly surpassed that of Tang Dynasty, which became another peak of China's economic development. As the Song regime moved south, the economic center of China moved south at the same time. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Taihu Lake Basin, the economy of the West Zhejiang Plain was based on the double cropping system of rice and wheat, which became the most developed area in the world at that time. The economy and culture of the Song Dynasty made many achievements and made great contributions to human civilization. Among the four world-famous inventions, printing, gunpowder and compass were developed and applied in the Song Dynasty. Song Dynasty was the first to issue paper money in the world, and it was also one of the big countries in maritime trade. Most of its exports were raw materials, mainly handicrafts, which reflected the prosperous position of Song Dynasty in the world economy.

2. The poverty-stricken and weak Song Dynasty, when it comes to "poverty-stricken" in the Song Dynasty, has always been accompanied by redundant officials and soldiers. In the Song Dynasty, because the rulers adopted the method of decentralization to strengthen centralization, they often set up a large number of official positions and took a large number of officials in the imperial examinations, so the number of officials' salaries must be very large; On the other hand, the peasant uprising caused by land annexation was quelled by the method of government conscription, which led to the existence of a large number of troops (of course, due to the needs of border defense issues), and the expenditure of the troops was also very huge; In addition, the rulers of the Song Dynasty set up transshipment ambassadors in various ways to transport the wealth of counties to the central government, which caused financial embarrassment in the local area. These may be the reasons for the "accumulation of poverty" in the Song Dynasty.

It is easy to understand that "accumulated weakness" caused the Song Dynasty to make ends meet because of the huge military strength and the expenses of redundant officials.

3. The partially unified Song Dynasty, which did not completely unify China, was occupied by the Khitan in the north, Dali in the south and Xixia in the west.

4. The defeat of foreign wars, the frequent defeat of the Song Dynasty in the wars against Qidan (Liao), Xixia, and so on, caused the Song Dynasty to keep the border peace by sending annual coins.

5. In the corrupt and incompetent Song Dynasty, most emperors in the Song Dynasty were content to enjoy themselves, and their weakness made the already heavy taxes of ordinary people even heavier.