There is a poem that says, "The sea, the moon and the pearl all have tears."

This is a poem in Jinse by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

The original poem is as follows:

Inlaid harp

Li shangyin

I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.

Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.

Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.

A moment that should last forever? Before I knew it, it had come and gone.

Translation:

Jinse, why do you have fifty strings? Every string and paragraph reminds people of the year of Huang Jinhua. My heart is like Zhuangzi, confused by butterfly dreams; Another example is watching the emperor, turning the cuckoo into a cuckoo. Hai Ming Yue Ming, Jiao Ren's tears are pearls. Lantian is sunny and warm, and you can see good jade and good smoke. The feelings of joys, sorrows and sorrows cannot be recalled today, but they have been inadvertently long ago.

Appreciate:

The poet borrowed many allusions, such as Zhuang Sheng's dream butterfly, the tears of Du Fu, the tears in the sea, the smoke in the fertile fields and so on. And use metaphor, association and imagination to transform their auditory feelings into visual images, and create a hazy realm with the combination of fragments of images, thus conveying their sincere, strong and profound thoughts with the help of visually perceptible poetic images.

The poem Jinse uses the first two words of the first sentence. In the old saying, it was originally thought to be a poem about objects, but the annotator seems to think that this poem has nothing to do with the theme of utensils, and it is really "untitled" to use utensils to hide the theme.

The first couplet "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval." No reason, no reason, born this way. Musical instrument, piano has three strings and five strings; Zheng you 13 string; But "Se" has fifty strings. How sad it is to express complex feelings with so many strings. Ancient times alluded to Taidi and Motome, which was extremely sad. The poet uses this allusion as a metaphor, implying that the poet is different. Others have only three or five strings, but poets have as many as fifty strings. What a gifted genius. Suggest that he is extremely talented, sentimental and sensitive. Bixing is really clever. The next sentence, a string of columns, recalls the years of youthful love. The first couplet always begins, leading below. The following are all memories of beautiful youth. But the beauty is not long, which makes people feel lost and disappointed.

The last sentence of "Zhuan Xu" uses an allegorical allusion from "Zhuangzi", saying that Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly and flew vividly, forgetting that he was "Zhuang Zhou"; Later, when I woke up, it was still Zhuang Zhou at home, and I didn't know where the butterfly had gone. The next sentence is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu. This couplet is about a beautiful woman, a complicated string, which awakens the poet's dream and stops sleeping. Lost, gone, does not mean. Vaguely contains a beautiful situation, but it is an empty dream. The numerous strings and plaintive songs of the golden harp made the poet feel infinite sadness and unspeakable grievances, such as Du Fu's plaintive voice, which sent him home in the spring. The word "entrusted" not only describes Du Yuzhi's longing for love in Du Fu, but also describes the beauty's longing for love in Jinse, waving and watching, and flowers falling into the water. The poet's wonderful writing and strange feelings reached a climax here.

After the couplet, the poem has been "started" and "closed", and it is time to "turn" the pen. When the pen comes here, the previous situation has reached a very small level, which seems to be a knot, meaning to be applied. Here, touching the pen and ink, it seems to be "getting up" again. His brushwork is like a towering peak, or like a broken line, or pushing the pen down, or slow and tight, and his techniques are different, while his philosophical context has a turning point and he is always focused. At this time, the poet wrote the famous sentence "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears down the sea as green as the moon".

Several allusions are mixed in the previous sentence of the Necklace. Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are born in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and quiet, mussels open their mouths to raise pearls, pearls get moonlight, and aurora begins to shine. This is a beautiful folk tradition. Tears, like beads, are natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren's tears turned into pearls, which is also a strange sight in the sea. In this way, the bright moon falls between the seas, and pearls are bathed in tears, forming an indistinguishable fairyland in the poet's pen. It is rare to have such rich connotations and wonderful associations in one stroke.

The blue sky and sea in the latter sentence are not groundless. Si Kongtu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun who was earlier than him: "The beauty of a poet, such as the warmth of Lantian and the essence of jade, cannot be placed in front of us." The eight words used for metaphor here are exactly the same as the seven words in the next sentence of this poem, which shows that this metaphor has another source. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost later, and it was difficult to find the source again. It is hard to say whether it is appropriate to quote Dai language as an explanation. Lu Ji, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "Stone is like jade, mountains are only light, and water is like pearls." Lantian Mountain is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and contains jade gas (the ancients thought that treasures have phosgene invisible to ordinary eyes), and Ran Ran rises. However, although the essence of Meiyu is far away, it is not close, so it is out of reach, representing an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it is impossible to grasp and approach. This sentence in the poem, inspired and associated by "Jade Mountain is shining, pearls are charming, and Sichuan is charming", is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence: the warmth of the sea and the moon and Lantian. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to the sea, because the original meaning of Cang is cyan. The poet's exquisite rhetoric can also show his talent and skills.

For poets, there is a special feeling behind the realm of the sea and the moon. Once, due to illness, he failed to bow to the "Leying to buy wine" meeting of Hedong Gong, so he wrote "Only the sea and bright moon will be filled with high pressure for a while" ("I heard that Hedong Gong Leying bought wine in my illness"). From this perspective, on the one hand, he appreciates this situation, on the other hand, he is very sad and lonely: a complex and unspeakable disappointment.

This couplet and the first couplet * * * use four allusions, showing different artistic conception and artistic conception. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies is a trance and confusion of life. Looking forward to the emperor's longing for spring, including his persistence in hard pursuit; Tears in the sea have a broad loneliness; The warmth of Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy. The images extracted by the poet from allusions are so magical and ethereal that his mind is slowly opened to readers, and the beauty of the New Year and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, which can only be understood but not expressed.

The tail couplet is a masterpiece of the whole article, and clearly puts forward the word "this feeling", which echoes the beginning of "China Year" at a distance, and the pen gesture is never shy. The poem says: Don't wait until today to recall such feelings before you begin to feel endless regret, then it will already be embarrassing. For ordinary people, it is often when people are old that they look back on the past: they deeply regret that their youth is fleeting, their achievements have failed, their time has been wasted, and their regrets are endless. However, this talented poet has already seen the clue, but he is helpless and infinitely lost. This is the poet Li Shangyin who borrowed the golden harp to make himself feel better.