Who are the famous figures in Chinese history?

: Yue Fei (1103-1142), also known as Pengju, was born in a tenant farmer's family in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now Tangyin County, Henan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. In his youth, he met the Jin Jurchen nobles who had great influence on the Song Dynasty. Launch a large-scale war of plunder. He witnessed with his own eyes the tragic historical facts before and after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was connected with the people in the occupied areas of the Central Plains at that time. He had a strong desire and demand to resolutely resist the oppression of the Jurchen aristocratic nation, regain his homeland, and unify the motherland. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Han, Khitan, Bohai, Xi and other ethnic groups who were deeply oppressed by their nationalities "hatred the Kingdom of Jin to the bone" and organized resistance one after another. Since the 1220s, a vigorous national war against the Jin Dynasty has been launched between the north and south of the Yellow River and the two Huaihe Rivers. Yue Fei, together with Zongze and Han Shizhong, the famous anti-golden generals, stood at the forefront of the anti-golden struggle. However, the corrupt ruling group of the Northern Song Dynasty adopted a policy of compromise and surrender. In 1127 (the second year of Jingkang), after Huizong Zhao Ji and Qinzong Zhao Huan were kidnapped, the leader of the Southern Song Dynasty's small court, Zhao Gou, also surrendered. group. He preferred to settle down in the south of the Yangtze River, indulging in singing and dancing, and had no real determination and intention to organize the anti-Jin national war and carry it through to the end. The difference was that he trusted Qin Hui and other capitulationists and used them to come forward to negotiate a series of surrenders. On the one hand, he used the anti-war factions such as Zongze, Yue Fei, and Han Shizhong to withstand the fierce offensive of the Jin army in order to retain his throne as emperor and accumulate the capital to kneel down and sue for peace. By the mid-1220s, after the formation of a military demarcation line between the Song and Jin Dynasties that stretched from Jianghuai in the east to Shaanxi in the west, the Zhao Gou and Qin Hui ruling groups had actually become the biggest stumbling block in the Southern Song Dynasty's struggle against the Jin; Later, the anti-war factions such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong became the biggest obstacle to the activities of the surrender factions of Zhao Gou and Qin Hui. The struggle between the anti-Japanese war faction and the capitulation faction within the Southern Song Dynasty court became increasingly acute. Yue Fei firmly opposed peace negotiations, advocated fighting to the end, regardless of personal honor and safety, and resolutely fought against the surrender activities of Zhao Gou and Qin Hui. In 1139 (the ninth year of Shaoxing), Yue Fei heard that the Song-Jin peace treaty was about to be reached in Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and immediately wrote a letter to express his opposition, saying that "the Jin people cannot be trusted, and peace cannot be relied on", and directly criticized the "Xiangguo" Qin Hui's plans and ill-intentioned surrender activities made "Qin Hui hold it in his hat". After the peace agreement was reached, Gaozong Zhaogou was so proud that he issued an edict of amnesty and generous rewards to the civil and military ministers. However, the edict was issued three times, but Yue Fei refused every time. He was not allowed to receive the title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi (first-grade official title) and the grant of 3,500 households with food. In his farewell speech, he earnestly expressed his opposition to the peace proposal: "Today's affairs are dangerous but not safe, worrying but not congratulatory." He once again expressed his determination to regain the Central Plains, "I am willing to plan for complete victory and expect to recover the territory in both countries." He, Yan Yun, finally wanted to take revenge and serve the country. "This is tantamount to pouring cold water on Song Gaozong's head, which made Zhao Gou and Qin Hui even more resentful. "However, regardless of personal gains and losses, Yue Fei persisted in resisting the war to the end, led the army, contacted the northern rebels, effectively engaged in the anti-golden war, planned to regain the Central Plains and unify the motherland, and became a powerful pillar in the national anti-golden war. 1139 (Shaoxing Nine) In the summer of 2006, Jin Wushu tore up the Shaoxing peace treaty and went out in force; he once again launched a large-scale war against the Song Dynasty. With the eastern and western front armies achieving great victories against the Jin Dynasty, Yue Fei sent his troops to advance from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and carried out an inexorable move. Blocking the counterattack", the time has come for him to realize his ambition of regaining the Central Plains that he has been preparing for. After the Yuejia Army entered the Central Plains, they were warmly welcomed by the Central Plains people and loyal militia. In July of this year, Yue Fei personally led a group of light cavalry to garrison in Licheng, Henan, and had a fierce battle with Jin Wushu's 15,000 fine cavalry. Yue Fei personally led his generals to attack the enemy's formation, defeating the Jin Army's "Tiefu Tu" (guards) and "Kaizi Ma" (cavalry attacking from both sides), and defeated Jin Wushu. Yang Zaixing, a general under Yue Fei's command, broke into the enemy's formation on his own, hoping to capture Jin Wushu alive, but failed to find Cuo Cuo. He killed hundreds of enemies with his own hands and suffered dozens of wounds on his body. He was extremely brave. The officers and soldiers of the Yuejia Army have a fighting style of "defending to the death". The enemy's overwhelming force cannot shake the lineup of the Yuejia Army. After the victory at Yancheng, Yue Fei took advantage of his victory and marched towards Zhuxian Town (only forty-five miles away from Bianjing, the base camp of the Jin army). Jin Wushu gathered a hundred thousand troops to resist, but was defeated by Yue Fei. During Yue Fei's Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, he recaptured Yingchang, Caizhou, Chenzhou, Zhengzhou, Yancheng, and Zhuxian Town in one fell swoop, wiping out the effective strength of the Jin Army. The morale of the entire Jin Army was shaken, and Jin Wushu prepared to evacuate from Kaifeng overnight. The struggle against the Jin Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty took a fundamental turn, and they took another step forward, and the Central Plains fell for more than ten years. It is expected to be recovered.

Yue Fei excitedly said to the generals: "Go straight to Huanglong Mansion and have a drink with you all! (Breaking the drinking habit to celebrate)" while the Jin army lamented that "it is easy to shake the mountains, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family's army." However, the Yue family army, which was difficult to shake by foreign enemies, was destroyed by the capitulation faction within the Southern Song Dynasty court. At this moment of glorious victory in the anti-Jin war, Gaozong Zhaogou, who was willing to act as a son-emperor, was worried that he would not be able to retain the throne once the Central Plains was recovered and his brother Qinzong was released by the Jin people, so he eagerly hoped to join the Jin Dynasty. Negotiate peace. The traitor Qin Jian, who was installed by the Jin people in the Southern Song Dynasty court and stole the high position of prime minister, also seized on Gaozong's unspeakable evil and carried out activities to sabotage Yue Fei's war of resistance. They worked together in collusion and conspired to formulate a criminal plan to withdraw troops across the board and ruin the good situation of resisting Jin Dynasty. They first ordered the east and west fronts to withdraw their troops, creating an unfavorable situation in which Yue Fei's army stood out alone. Then, in the name of "the isolated army cannot stay for a long time", they issued twelve gold medals (wooden plaques with red paint and gold characters) and urgently ordered Yue Fei to "deal with the squad." In the unfavorable situation of either "displacing his teacher" or "losing his teacher", Yue Fei knew clearly that this was a random fate of a powerful minister; but in order to preserve the strength to fight against gold, he had to bear the pain of displacing his teacher. Yue Fei said angrily: "Ten years of hard work has been wasted! All the acquired counties will be shut down in one day! It will be difficult to revive the country and the country! There will be no way for the world to be restored!" Yue Fei's heroic struggle against the Jin Dynasty was forced to interrupt. . When the Yue family army was reorganizing, the fathers and brothers who had longed for Wang Shi to be in the Central Plains blocked the way and wept. In order to protect the lives and property of the people, Yue Fei deliberately threatened to cross the river tomorrow, which scared Jin Wushu and abandoned the city overnight to prepare to cross the Yellow River north. This allowed Yue Fei to calmly organize a large number of people in Henan to move south to the Xianghan area before evacuating the Central Plains. At this time, a shameless scholar caught up with Jin Wushu on horseback, buckled his horse and admonished: "Prince (Wushu) does not leave, the capital can be defended, and Yue Shaobao's troops must retreat!... Since ancient times, there have been no powerful ministers, but the generals can "Those who have made meritorious deeds from outside", Jin Wushu then reorganized his army and returned to Kaifeng, and took back the land of the Central Plains without any effort. As soon as Yue Fei returned to Lin'an, he immediately fell into the trap set by Qin Hui, Zhang Jun and others. In 1141 (the eleventh year of Shaoxing), he was falsely accused of "rebellion" and imprisoned in Lin'an Dali Temple (the original site was near Xiaocheqiao in today's Hangzhou). The supervisory censor Wanhou* (voiced by Momochi) personally interrogated and tortured Yue Fei to force him to confess. At the same time, the governments of the Song and Jin Dynasties were intensifying their planning for the second peace negotiation. Both sides regarded the anti-war faction as a thorn in their side. Jin Wushu even wrote a letter to Qin Hui with a fierce look: "Yue Fei must be killed and then peace can be made." Under the attack of evil forces, Yue Fei remained upright, upright and loyal to his country. From him, Qin Hui and his gang could not find any evidence of "rebellion against the imperial court," but Yue Fei was still "specially granted death" by Zhao Gou on the Lunar New Year's Eve in the 11th year of Shaoxing, and was killed in the Dali Temple in Lin'an at the age of thirty-nine. Years old. Yue Fei's general Zhang Xian and his son Yue Yun were also beheaded at the city gate. The death of Yue Fei, his father and his son and Zhang Xian at the hands of the traitorous emperor aroused strong anger among the anti-Jin army and the people. Han Shizhong questioned Qin Hui face to face, but Qin Hui hesitated. The words "The object does not exist (perhaps it does). Han Shizhong refuted it on the spot: "How can you serve the world with three words?" "Zhao Zhao" in eight characters. This is a cry of grief and indignation! Although Yue Fei was killed, his loyalty to the country is indelible. It was he who expressed the demands of the oppressed nation, insisted on the noble national integrity, and stood up for the situation. Under critical conditions, he persisted in the just struggle against the Jin Dynasty and knew how to care for the people's anti-Golden forces. He united with the anti-Jin Dynasty soldiers and civilians to save half of the rivers and mountains of the Southern Song Dynasty, saving the people of southern China from the ravages of the Jin rulers, thus maintaining the height of the country. The development of China's feudal economy and culture allowed it to continue to develop. Yue Fei was indeed an outstanding national hero in the history of our country. After Yue Fei was killed, Lin'an martyr Kai Shun carried his body across the city and was hastily buried in Jiuqu. Next to the Cong Temple, Kai Shun tied the jade ring worn by Yue Fei under his body, and planted two orange trees in front of the tomb. During the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty (1821-1850), the Yue Fei Temple under Qixia Ridge was rebuilt. After searching for Yue Fei's first burial place, we finally found the original Yue Fei's tomb next to the red paper dyeing workshop in Biandan Lane at the foot of Luoshan Mountain in Zhong'an Bridge, Hangzhou. In 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), the "Zhongxian Temple" was built here. The people of Hangzhou call it "Lao Yue Temple", twenty years after Yue Fei's death, that is, in June 1162 (May of the 32nd year of Shaoxing), Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty Zhao Xi succeeded to the throne. ", and purchased Yue Fei's body at a high price of 500 guan, and "buried it with ceremony."

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the people on the southeast coast of my country waged a vigorous anti-Japanese struggle. The person directing this struggle was the famous anti-Japanese general and strategist Qi Jiguang. Qi Jiguang was born in Laiwu, Shandong Province on November 12, 1528 in the Jiangmen family. He determined to join the army since he was a child, loved military affairs, and passed the military examination. In 1553, he was sent to Shandong to take on the important task of preventing Japanese pirates from the sea. Later, he was transferred to Zhejiang to guard Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou. After arriving in Zhejiang, he actively organized the new army, conducted rigorous training, achieved great victories in Cixi and Taizhou, and completely wiped out the Japanese pirates who invaded Zhejiang. Later, Japanese pirates harassed the coast of Fujian, and Qi Jiguang led his troops to the anti-Japanese front lines in Fujian and Guangdong. He led his troops into the Japanese pirates' camp, took advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness, and wiped out all the Japanese pirates. From 1562 to 1566, Qi Jiguang and Yu Dayou together led the army to eliminate Japanese pirates in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong. In 1567, due to the Tatar invasion from the north, Qi Jiguang was transferred to the north to train border soldiers. This lasted for 16 years, which not only brought peace to the border areas, but also ensured the security of the capital Beijing.