This is a passage about New Year's Eve customs written by the author. Think about the author's expression characteristics and imitate

13 A Night's Work This lesson focuses on what the author saw and heard when he accompanied the Premier to review the manuscript. It reflects Premier Zhou's noble qualities from two aspects: hard work and simple life. Features of writing: This article selects materials from the small to the big, points from point to point, uses simple and unpretentious words, and uses small things in life to express the noble personality of the characters. The center is highlighted, and there are details and outlines. Review and Expansion 3 1. "Prison Song", author: Ye Ting The door for people to enter and exit was locked, and the hole for dogs to crawl out was open. A voice shouted: - Climb out, I will give you freedom! ||I long for freedom, but I know deeply - how can a human body climb out of a dog hole! ||I hope that one day the fire in the underground will burn me together with this living coffin, and I should get eternal life in the fire and blood! 2. The characters in "Red Rock" include: Sister Jiang, Xu Yunfeng, Hua Ziliang, Xiao Luobotou... Novels with revolutionary themes: "Railway Guerrilla", author Liu Zhixia; "Red Sun", author Wu Qiang; "Little Soldier Zhang Ga" ", written by Xu Guangyao; "Little Guerrillas", written by Wang Yuanjian; "Red Boy", written by Zhang Pincheng. The four selected articles in the fourth unit are presented in two ways: one is "The Little Match Girl" and "Fanka", which are famous works from Andersen's fairy tales and Chekhov's short stories, and are single articles. Works; one is excerpts from the foreign literary masterpieces "Robinson Crusoe" and "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", which adopts the arrangement method of summaries of the masterpieces and highlights. Each of the four texts has distinct characters, and the different fates of the characters also attract attention. Lesson 14 "The Little Match Girl" 1. This text is a famous fairy tale by the Danish writer Andersen. It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death on the street on New Year's Eve. Features: Realism and fiction alternate, beautiful fantasy and cruel reality alternate, highlighting the tragic fate of the little girl. "Thumbelina", "The Daughter of the Sea", "The Ugly Duckling"... are also works by Andersen. 2. The article "The Little Match Girl" focuses on the fact that the little girl lit the match five times, and four phantoms appeared in front of her eyes. For the first time, I saw a big warm stove, because the little girl was very cold and she longed for warmth. The second time I saw the fragrant roast goose, because the little girl was very hungry and she was eager for food. The third time saw the beautiful Christmas tree because the little girl was in great pain and she longed for joy. The fourth time I saw the kind grandma, because the little girl was very lonely and she longed for love. 3. Understand the sentences: P71 (1) Fly to the place where there is no cold, no hunger, and no pain. This sentence means that the little girl passed away and died in a wonderful hallucination. No more cold, hunger and pain. (2) How happy she was, following her grandma towards the happiness of the New Year. (What do the two "happiness" mean?) The first "happiness" is that the little girl spent her time in beautiful illusions before she died, and is happy; the latter "happiness" is that the little girl will not be cold or hungry after she dies. and pain, you will be completely happy. Through these two "happiness", we can feel the author's suppressed grief and indignation, his deep sympathy for the poor people and his strong dissatisfaction with the social reality of the disparity between rich and poor. Lesson 15 "Fanka" 1. Through Fanka's letter to his grandfather, the text reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the rule of the Tsar, and reveals the darkness of the social system at that time. In the letter, Fanka confided in his grandfather his unbearable miserable apprenticeship life, and repeatedly begged his grandfather to take him away from here and return to the countryside. He recalled two scenes of rural life: one was the scene of his grandfather's night vigil; Christmas scene. 2. The expression of this article has two characteristics: first, when talking about Fanka's tragic experience, the author's narrative, Fanka's letter and his memories in the process of writing the letter are interspersed and set off each other. Second, the expression methods of contrast, contrast, and suggestion are used. 3. The benefits of a suggestive ending: The text ends with Fanka's dream, which hints at the disillusionment of Fanka's wishes, leaves people with deep thoughts, and arouses people's deep sympathy for Fanka and anger against the dark society. 4. Sentence making (workbook P28) (1)...as if... - Example 1: After the rain, the sky cleared, and a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky, as if someone hung it up specially to welcome the sun. Similar. Example 2: In the past few days, the lake here has been extremely clean, and the garbage seems to have hid because it knew that the superiors were coming to inspect it.

(2)...first...then...then...example 1: On Sunday, my mother has to do a lot of housework. She first washes the family's clothes, then wipes the furniture, mops the floor, cooks and cooks for the whole family. Rice...Example 2: It’s time to preview the text. I will read the text through first, then open the "Word Manual" to read the meanings of the words, do exercises, and write down some of my thoughts after reading and what I don’t understand. question. The summary of Lesson 16 "Robinson Crusoe" is narrated in the chronological order of Robinson Crusoe's adventures, including "Island in Distress", "Building a House and Settling", "Raising and Planting", "Saving Friday", "Returning" "To England" gives us a preliminary understanding of Robinson's extraordinary experience of overcoming difficulties and seeking survival on a desert island, and shows the characteristics of Robinson (fearless of dangers, resourceful, strong, smart and capable). (Reason for liking this character: Robinson Crusoe overcame various difficulties and survived tenaciously in the face of harsh reality, which deeply moved me.) Lesson 17 "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is a master of American literature One of the four famous works by Mark Twain, it has been loved by readers all over the world. After hundreds of years, its charm has not diminished. The synopsis focuses on "adventures" and writes Tom's five adventures. It prominently displays Tom's character traits of daring to explore and pursuing freedom. The writing methods in "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Robinson Crusoe": detailed description makes people feel like they are there; vivid language description makes people feel like they are hearing his voice; psychological description makes people understand the changes behind things ; Side foiling makes the protagonist's image more vivid; writing in the order of development of events makes the article clear, etc. Review and Expansion 4 1. "Accumulation Over Time". Integrity is the foundation of morality. ——(Egypt) Mahfouz's "Public Epic" Tears cannot wash away the pain. ——(Iceland) Laxness "The Bell of Iceland" The greatest insights are the simplest. ——(UK) Golding, "Lord of the Flies" People live for their own hopes. ——(Soviet Union) "Quiet Don" Keeping one's word is a treasure and should not be thrown away casually. ——(Colombia) Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" What makes pebbles perfect is not the blow of a hammer, but the singing and dancing of water. ——(India) Tagore's "Birds" Only those who are brave and calm can survive the darkness and usher in the light. ——(Guatemala) Asturias (Corn People) A man is not born to be defeated. You can eliminate him as much as you want, but you just can't defeat him. ——(USA) Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea" 2. Knowledge points: Danish writer Andersen's works: "The Little Match Girl", Russian writer Chekhov's works: "Vanka", British writer Defoe's works: "Robinson Crusoe", the work of American writer Mark Twain: "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". "Scientific spirit" is the immortal melody in the human spirit. In the fifth unit textbook, whether it is "Beauty spanning a hundred years" that praises Marie Curie's outstanding spiritual quality, or "Millennium Dreams Come True Today" that reflects the courage of Chinese astronauts to explore, unite and cooperate, and perseverance, or it illustrates life "Truth is Born After a Hundred Question Marks", which is good at observation, constantly asking questions, and knowing the smallest details, or "My Best Teacher", which emphasizes independent thinking and dares to doubt. "Scientific spirit" is the learning theme of this unit. The arrangement of teaching materials in this unit is not only the continuation of science stories and popular science articles for lower and middle grades, but also the development of the above units. Lesson 18 "Beauty spanning a hundred years" 1. The "hundred years" in the title refers to eternity. Madame Curie's great discovery has made eternal contributions to society, and her excellent quality and personality are eternal. The "beauty" of Marie Curie not only refers to Marie Curie's beautiful appearance, but also to her great scientific research achievements. More importantly, she refers to her persistent pursuit of science, her lifelong dedication to science, and her indifferent spiritual quality of fame and fortune. 2. Focus on reciting paragraphs 2, 4, 5 and 6. 3. Understand the sentences: (1) With this valuable character and lofty pursuit, Marie Curie completed the discovery of the meaning of life almost at the same time as she completed this great natural discovery. "This great natural discovery" refers to (Mrs. Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium), and "the discovery of the meaning of life" refers to (Mrs. Curie understood that the value of life does not lie in youth, beauty, money and fame, but in serving Contribute to science and contribute to mankind.) (2) She has transformed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and determined female scholar, into a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, and into a new measurement in physics. The unit "Curie" has become a scientific law, and it has become an eternal milestone in the history of science. The "change" here is an improvement in the value of life and a leap in the realm of life. The four "changes" summarize Madame Curie (a life of struggle and immortal achievements).

4. Writing method: a writing method that explains the truth in the description of specific facts 5. Sentences from Workbook P33 (1) In this exam, Xiao Ming was not the best person, but he was the one who made the fastest progress. (2) My motherland is not the most technologically developed country, but it is the fastest developing country. (3) Although Mr. Lu Xun was in poor health, he continued to write until the last moment of his life. (4) She has been feeling unwell recently, but she persisted in exercising as always, persevered, and finally achieved good results in this competition. Lesson 19 "The Millennium Dream is Realizing Today" 1. The fourth natural paragraph is a transitional paragraph, its function is to connect the previous and the next. 2. This article warmly praises the scientific spirit of Chinese astronauts' unity and cooperation, silent dedication, courage to explore, and perseverance. Lesson 20 "The truth is born after a hundred question marks" 1. Read paragraphs 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8 thoroughly. 2. "Truth is born after a hundred question marks" is the main point of the text. It uses facts to illustrate that as long as you are good at observation, keep asking questions, keep solving doubts, and persevere in pursuing the root cause, you can discover the truth in real life. The text lists three representative examples in the history of scientific development: First, Professor Shepiro discovered a problem in the vortex of bath water, and through repeated experiments and research, discovered that the rotation direction of the water vortex is related to the rotation of the earth; second, The famous British chemist Boyle accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn flower petals red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented acid-base test paper; third, an Austrian doctor deduced from the phenomenon of his son's eyes turning when he was dreaming, after repeated observation and analysis There is a general rule that when a sleeper's eyes move, he or she is dreaming. 3. Writing features: cite specific typical examples to illustrate your point of view; echo from beginning to end. 4. Understanding sentences: (1) Finally, straighten "?" into "!" and find the truth. The "?" here is the question of discovery, and "!" solves the doubt and discovers the truth. The advantage of writing this way: This sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, which leaves a deep impression on people. (2) People who are good at "breaking the casserole and asking the truth" discover something, invent something, create something, and achieve something. The image of "breaking the casserole and asking for the truth" expresses the spirit of perseverance and continuous exploration. The four words "discovery", "invention", "creation" and "achievement" are arranged in ascending order of harvest, which also shows that ordinary things contain truth and contain hidden meanings. There are great achievements, and these can only be achieved by those who "break the casserole and get to the bottom of it." Imitation: (Workbook P36) People who are good at learning can gain knowledge, happiness and success from learning. (3) As long as you know the subtleties, are good at asking questions and keep exploring, then you will be able to discover the truth after you answer a few question marks. "Knowing the subtleties of something" means: you can know the development trend or the essence of the problem by seeing the signs of something. This sentence uses the sentence pattern of "as long as... then..." to illustrate that "science is not mysterious, and the truth is not far away." The prerequisite for discovering the truth is to "see the subtleties" and be able to discover problems from ordinary phenomena. essence, and “keep exploring.” Lesson 21 "My Best Teacher" (narrative) 1. The text tells the story of "my" science teacher in sixth grade, Mr. Wrightson. Let us feel another aspect of the scientific spirit - independent thinking and scientific skepticism. 2. Characteristics of writing: discuss one thing at a time, and discover a truth from a specific example. Review. Expansion 5 1. "Accumulation over time" Steel is made over time, persevere, persevere, face difficulties, brainstorm, work together, innovate, be new, be innovative, be unique, draw inferences from facts, seek truth from facts, express one's own opinions, do not be ashamed to ask questions, draw parallels, strive for excellence, and use the past for the present. 2. "Shedding the roots and pursuing the last": It is a metaphor for not grasping the main issues in doing things, but focusing on the minutiae. 3. Other understandings of the scientific spirit: respect for facts, be meticulous, dare to question, and constantly question... Possible test points in the key text 1. Author 2. Title and meaning of the article 3. Key issues in the text 4. Philosophy (central idea) ) 5. Writing method (including style) 6. Evaluation of main characters 7. Plot of the article Key contents of the second volume of the sixth grade text (1) Key texts of the first unit: "Two Classical Chinese Essays", "Hurry", "Mahogany" ★ "Classical Chinese Essays" "Two pieces" 1. Author: "Study of Chess" is selected from "Mencius Gaozi". "Two Children Debating the Sun" is selected from "Liezi Tang Wen". 2. Key questions: ① Why is he so wise? Said: Not so. Translation: Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Said: That's not the case. ② I think people are closer when the sun is rising, but when the sun is midday they are far away.

Translation: I think the sun is closer to people when it first rises, and farther away at noon. ③Who knows so much about you? Translation: Who said you are knowledgeable? 4. Central idea: "Xue Yi" explains that learning should be concentrated and not half-hearted. "Two Children Debate the Sun" embodies the two children's good observation, reasonable speech and Confucius's pragmatic attitude. 5. Recite and write two classical Chinese passages★ "Hurry" 1. Author: Zhu Ziqing. 2. Key question: Understand the sentence "Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle dripping into the ocean, my days are dripping in the flow of time, without sound or shadow." Answer: The author compares his past eight thousand days to the tip of a needle. The water droplets compare the flow of time to the ocean. The diary seems so small and disappears so quickly, without a trace or a trace. It shows the author's helpless melancholy about the passage of time. ★"Mahogany" 1. Author: Lin Qingxuan. 2. Central idea: The author uses the growth of saplings as a metaphor for human growth. He writes about a tree planter's method of raising saplings so that "the trees can learn to find water in the land." This illustrates how to withstand the test of life and overcome dependence in a difficult environment. important for human growth. 3. Important issues are not just about trees, but also about people. People who live in uncertainty can better withstand the test of life and develop an independent heart. Answer: "Uncertainty" refers to some unpredictable ups and downs, twists and tribulations in life. "Uncertainties" in life, such as illness, parents being laid off, encountering natural disasters, etc. (2) Key texts of the second unit: "Spring Festival in Beijing" ★ "Spring Festival in Beijing" 1. Author: Mr. Lao She 2. Central idea: The article depicts folk customs during the Spring Festival in Beijing and shows the origins of Chinese festival customs. Warmth and beauty express one's recognition and love for traditional culture. 3. Writing method: The article uses time as the longitude and people’s activities as the latitude structure. 4. The article focuses on the four days: Laba, New Year’s Eve, the first and fifteenth day of the lunar month. 5. Literary knowledge: The order of time of traditional Chinese festivals ① The first day of the lunar month First (also called Spring Festival, January 1 of the lunar calendar), ②Fifteenth (January 15 of the lunar calendar), ③Dragon Boat Festival (May 5 of the lunar calendar), ④Qiqiao Festival (also called Qixi Festival, July 7 of the lunar calendar), ⑤Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15 of the lunar calendar), ⑥ Double Ninth Festival (September 9 of the lunar calendar), ⑦ Laba (December 8 of the lunar calendar), ⑧ New Year’s Eve (December 30 of the lunar calendar) (3) Key text of the third unit: "Memories from Sixteen Years Ago "Serving the People" ★ "Memories from Sixteen Years Ago" 1. Author: Li Xinghua (Li Dazhao's daughter) 2. Central idea: This article shows the revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the revolutionary cause through Li Dazhao's memories before and after his arrest. The great spirit and the noble quality of being unyielding in the face of the enemy express the author's admiration and deep memory for his father. 3. Comprehension of key sentences: ① He is always interested in my questions and always patiently talks to me. I don’t know why this time, but my father gave me such a vague answer. Answer: Because the situation at that time was very serious, it was not the time to have a heart-to-heart talk with children, and matters such as preventing revolutionary books and documents from falling into the hands of the enemy could not be explained clearly in a few sentences. This describes the unity of Comrade Li Dazhao's love and kindness towards his relatives and his seriousness in his work. ②In court, we met with my father. My father was still wearing his old gray cotton robe, but he didn't wear his glasses. I saw his calm and kind face beneath his long, unkempt hair. Answer: It can be seen from this sentence that although the father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "Not wearing glasses" and "unkempt long hair" indicate that the enemy severely tortured Li Dazhao, "calm" indicates that Li Dazhao is still strong after experiencing cruel torture, and "kindness" fully reflects Li Dazhao's love for his relatives. 4. Character evaluation: Li Dazhao is a person (highly responsible for revolutionary work, not afraid of danger, and considers death as home). ★"Serving the People" 1. Information Kit: This is the speech delivered by Chairman Mao Zedong at the memorial service of Comrade Zhang Side on September 8, 1944. 2. Everyone is destined to die. It may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Translation: solid: originally. Or: Some people. Yu: than. Everyone is bound to die. Some people's death is heavier than Mount Tai, and some people's death is lighter than a feather. 3. Character evaluation: Zhang Side is a person who serves the people wholeheartedly. 4. Recite the second paragraph of the text (4) Key texts of the fourth unit: "The Little Match Girl" and "Fanka" ★ "The Little Match Girl" 1. Author: Danish writer Andersen.

Andersen's works include: "The Ugly Duckling", "Thumbelina", "The Daughter of the Sea" and "The Emperor's New Clothes" 2. The plot of the article: In order to warm herself up, a little girl struck a match (five) times and read in the light of the match. All kinds of illusions - (warm stove), (fragrant roast goose), (beautiful Christmas tree), (kind grandma), until (flying away with grandma), and finally (frozen to death on the street on New Year's Eve) ). 3. Key questions: ① Fly to a place where there is no cold, no hunger, and no pain. What does this sentence mean? Answer: The meaning of this sentence is: the little girl passed away and died in a wonderful illusion. In this world for the little girl, there is only cold, only hunger, and only pain. ②How happy she was, following her grandma towards the happiness of the New Year. What do the two happinesses mean? Answer: The former "happiness" means: the little girl spent her time in a beautiful illusion before she died, and is happy; the latter "happiness" means: the little girl will no longer have cold, hunger and pain after she dies. . 4. Central idea: It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death on the street on New Year's Eve. It shows the author's sympathy for the poor people and reveals the social reality of the disparity between rich and poor. ★"Fanka" 1. Author: Russian writer Chekhov 2. Central idea: This text reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the rule of the Tsar through Vanka writing a letter to his grandfather, and reveals the tragic fate of the poor children in Russian society under the rule of the Tsar. The darkness of social systems. 3. Main plot: It begins to narrate that on Christmas Eve, Fanka took advantage of the opportunity of the boss, the boss’s wife and the guys to go to church to worship, and secretly wrote a letter to his grandfather; then, Fanka confided in his letter to his grandfather his unbearable misery. Apprentice life, he repeatedly begged his grandfather to take him away from here and returned to the countryside, and recalled two scenes of rural life (one was the scene of grandpa's night vigil, and the other was the scene of Christmas); finally, he wrote about Fanka. The letter was stuffed into the mailbox and ended with a dream. (5) Key texts of the fifth unit: "Charm spanning a hundred years" "Truth is born after a hundred question marks" ★ "Beauty spanning a hundred years" 1. Author: Liang Heng 2. Title meaning: "Beauty" is not only Curie The lady’s beautiful appearance reflects her firm persistence, scientific spirit of dedication to science, and noble personality that is indifferent to fame and fortune. 3. Central idea: This is an article praising Madame Curie, with "beauty" as the main line, showing that Madame Curie's beauty does not lie in appearance, but in soul and personality. 4. Key issues: This valuable character and lofty pursuit enabled Marie Curie to discover the meaning of life almost at the same time as she completed this great natural discovery. Answer: "This valuable character and lofty pursuit" refers to Marie Curie's "firmness, perseverance, and lofty and persistent pursuit." "This great discovery" refers to Marie Curie's discovery of the radioactive metal element radium. , "The discovery of the meaning of life" means that Marie Curie understood that the value of life does not lie in youth, beauty, money and fame, but in making contributions to science and mankind. 5. Character evaluation: Madame Curie is a (firm and persistent, dedicated, indifferent to fame and fortune) person. ★"Truth was born after a hundred question marks" 1. Author: Ye Yonglie 2. Title meaning: As long as you are good at observation, keep asking questions and persevere in pursuing the source, you can discover the truth in real life. 3. Main plot: The first example is that Professor Shepiro discovered a problem in the vortex of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he discovered that the rotation direction of the water vortex is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that the famous British chemist Boyle accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn violet petals red. He then conducted many experiments and finally invented acid-base test paper. The third example is that an Austrian doctor derived from the phenomenon of his son's eyeballs moving when he was dreaming. After repeated observation and analysis, he deduced that the movement of the eyes of a sleeping person indicates that he is dreaming.