Teacher, then, what does it mean to preach and teach?

Ancient scholars must have a teacher and a teacher, so they were taught by their profession. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I learned from my teaching, and after I was born, I learned from my teaching. I am a teacher, but I don't know if I was born in my future. So there is nothing expensive and cheap, nothing long and little, and the existence of Tao is also the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are also far away, and they are still asked by the teacher; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. It is the ancient sages who benefit the saints, and the fools benefit the fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused! . The boy's teacher, who teaches the book and learns its sentences, is not the person I said to convey it to solve its confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctor, a hard-working musician, is ashamed to be a teacher. Scholar-officials' families, Japanese teachers and students' disciples, got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to his age. Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shixiang and Laopin. Scorpions are not as steep as Confucius. Confucius said: In a threesome, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. After learning the Tao first, there is specialization in the art, that's all.

Compared with Li, the years are like ancient prose, and the six arts are all passed on, regardless of the times and the skills learned. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

Translation:

People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, studies and explains problems. People are not born to understand reason. Who can have no doubt? If he has doubts and doesn't learn from the teacher, he will never solve the problem of doubts. People born before me, he heard the truth before me, so I followed him; If someone born later than me learns the truth before me, I will learn from him. As a teacher, I will learn the truth. What does it matter whether he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of status or age, the place where truth exists is also the place where teachers exist.

Alas! It has been a long time since anyone spread the truth of learning from teachers. It's hard not to doubt! Ancient saints far beyond the average person, followed the teacher and asked for advice from the teacher; Nowadays, many people are far from saints, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose teachers to educate them; For themselves, they are ashamed to let the teacher teach them, which is really stupid! The teacher who teaches children to read and be familiar with the sentences in the book is not what I call a teacher who teaches people truth and puzzles. If you don't understand the sentence, you can't solve the puzzle. Some people learn from their teachers, while others don't ask them. They learn from small aspects and forget the big ones. I don't see any wisdom in them. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. If someone calls others teachers and students, these people will gather together and smile at him. Ask the scoffers, and they will say, "That man is about the same age, and his cultivation and studies are similar." How can you call him a teacher? It's shameful to treat a person with low status as a teacher. It is flattering to call a person with a high position a teacher. "ah! The truth learned from the teacher cannot be restored, so we can know. Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, and scholar-officials disdained to be tied to them, but now the wisdom of scholar-officials can't keep up with them. This is not a very strange thing!

Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius used Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Ren as his teachers. Of course, people like Zanzi can't catch up with Confucius in moral ability. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and then, skills and learning have their own special research, that's all.

Seventeen-year-old Li Pan likes classical Chinese. He has studied the Six Classics, such as poems and books, and also studied the works that explain the Six Classics. He is not bound by the custom of being ashamed to learn from his teacher, and he learns from me. I praised him for learning from the ancients and specially wrote this book "Shi Shuo" as a gift for him.

Extended exercise:

One of the following incorrect statements about literary common sense is ()

A. Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a native of Heyang, was born in Changli, Hebei Province, and was known as "Han Changli" in the world. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the head of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and in the Ming Dynasty, he was listed as "the decline of eight generations of literature".

B. The teacher's comments were written by Han Yu to his student Li Pan. This paper discusses the importance of learning from teachers, criticizes the bad habit of scholars who were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time, and shows the spirit of the author to express his opinions regardless of the secular world.

C. China's classical prose has undergone great changes since its development in the Tang Dynasty, and it has been successfully practiced under the guidance of theory. At the same time, Han Yu and others who advocated the new style called the advocated style "ancient prose", which corresponded to the popular parallel prose at that time. Therefore, modern researchers call this change "ancient prose movement".

D Han Yu practiced the theory he advocated in his creation, and his representative works include Ma Shuo, The Original Road, Ruin, etc.

2. The correct pronunciation of bold words in the following words is ()

A. Pan (fán) Sentence Reading (dú) Criticizing Current Disadvantages (bü)

B. Changhong (chánɡ) "Biography of Six Arts"

C. Only (tǐn) flattery (xiàn) flattery (jū)

D.Yong (dān) rigidity (jǐn) reference value (chā)

3. The following word "Dao" is wrongly interpreted as ()

A. teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. (reasonable)

B. The teacher's instruction has been handed down for a long time. (fashion)

C. From Xu Zi's point of view, this city is not bad. (method)

D. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road. (Fashion of learning from teachers)

4. The following sentence types are different from the other three ().

A. Born after me, his understanding of Tao came from me first, so I can learn from it.

B.today, the king likes it.

C. put the fish into the human abdomen.

D. The general is strong and keen.

5. The bold words in the following sentences have the same meanings as those in modern Chinese: ()

A. ancient scholars must have teachers.

B. I have heard of Taoism, and I specialize in it.

C. I left a legacy in primary school and didn't see it clearly.

D. teachers, so preach and teach.

6. In the following sentences, the word in bold is the same as the word "shame" in "learning from the teacher" ()

A. Confucius studied Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xianghe and Lao Dan.

B. There are both advantages and disadvantages of flowers.

C. The dustpan is transported at the end of Bohai Sea.

D. success is small and inferior

7. One of the following translated sentences is ()

A. A witch doctor who is a musician is not ashamed to be a teacher.

Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other.

B. it is the truth that saints are good for saints and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?

-So saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools.

C. He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration.

He is similar in age, accomplishment and study. How can you call him a teacher? It is a shame to treat people with low positions as teachers, and it is a compliment to treat people with high positions as teachers.

D. There is nothing expensive or cheap, nothing long or short, the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

So there is no distinction between status and age, and the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist.

8. dictation. (4 points)

( 1)_________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...

(2) The sages of the past ... the people of today, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) a threesome, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) Therefore, a disciple need not be inferior to a teacher, _ _ _ _ _ _.

Second, the reading part (28 points)

(1) Read the following and complete questions 9 ~ 14. (3 points for each small question, *** 18 points)

Shame on Shu Yun, I want to be a teacher. Servants are dishonest. I am too superficial to be a teacher.

Mencius said, "It is a good teacher to suffer from others." Below Wei and Jin Dynasties, people benefit rather than be teachers. I have never heard of a teacher in this world. Yes, I need to laugh at it and think it's crazy. Han Yu, a person, regardless of customs, laughed and scolded, and learned after receiving the phone call. He wrote On Teachers and became a teacher because of his resistance. The strange people in the world gather to scold and point fingers (traction and pandering), adding fuel to the fire. The more you have a crazy name.

Qu Zifu said, "The dogs in the city bark strangely." I think it's an exaggeration to hear that it rains in southern Sichuan and dogs bark at sunrise. In the first six or seven years, the servant came to the south (south refers to Liu Zongyuan's demotion of Yongzhou Sima in the second year of Tang Yongzhen). In the winter of two years, fortunately, it snowed over the mountains (mountains, Wuling mountains and Lingnan usually don't snow) and was selected by several states in South Vietnam. Dogs in several states are yellow and bark incessantly. Crazy people are tired and tired until there is no snow. Then believe what you have heard before. Today, Han Yu thought that it was the day of Shu, and his son wanted me to snow. Isn't it sick? If you don't see a doctor alone, you will also disgust my son. However, was there ever snow and the sun? Barkers and the dog. How many people will scream today? Who dares to show off the crowd and get angry?

(Liu Zongyuan answers Wei Zhongli's book "On Teacher's Way")

9. The correct meaning and pronunciation of bold words in the following two sentences is ()

(1) The servant's way is not good; He has been to several states in South Vietnam.

A.① deep dü ② same as "wearing" P: and

B.① deep dǔ ② covered shellfish

C.① Loyalty dǔ ② Covering P and

D.① Loyalty dü ② Same as "wearing" bè i.

10. In the following two sentences, the group with the same usage as bold content words is ()

(1) mobs get together and scold (2) finger traction.

A.① Sushan Liu Hou Sean

② Non-energy water

The old man is old, so is the old man.

(2) brother's business.

C.( 1) will be all.

(2) in the army has won many battles.

Don't be ashamed of being a teacher.

(2) the tomb and buried so far.

1 1. In the following sentences, one of the wrong words in bold is ().

A. Become a laughing stock

Attack: touch, here refers to going forward and holding.

B. Being a teacher for resisting face.

Anti-Yan: refers to a solemn and unyielding attitude.

C. Add words to words

Addition: False addition.

D. I think this is an exaggeration.

Pass: Wrong, Miss.

12. The correct sentence translation is ()

(1) insulted Shu Yun and wanted to learn from him.

A. Thank you for your letter saying that you hope to learn from each other.

B. You said in a letter that made me feel ashamed that you would learn from me.

C. Thank you for your letter saying that you want to learn from me.

D. In a letter that made me feel ashamed, you said that you hoped to learn from each other.

(2) Han Yu thinks that Shu is the sky, and Zi wants to make me snow. ( )

A. Han Yu himself acted as the sun of Shu, and you want me to act as the snow of Yuezhou.

B Han Yu thinks he is the sun of Shu, and you want me to be the snow of Yuezhou.

C since Han Yu thinks he is the sun of Shu, and I want to be the snow of Yue.

D. Han Yu himself acted as the sun of Shu, but he wanted to act as the snow of Yuezhou.

13. For the metaphor of "Shu dog barks at the sun" and "Yue dog barks at snow", the correct one is ().

A praise Han Yu's eternal glory like Shu Ri and describe his noble character.

B attack and vilify Han Yu as radiant as Shu Ri, and describe his noble character.

C shows that the author fully agrees with and supports Han Yu's teaching thought and practice as a teacher.

D. explain the situation that he was demoted to Yuezhou and express his dissatisfaction with the declining world.

14. Among the following four sentences, the one that does not belong to the author's "dare not be a teacher" is ().

A. the servant is dishonest and has a shallow career.

B. Mencius said: "It is also a good teacher to suffer from others."

C.my son wants me to snow, not get sick?

D.is there snow and sun? The ears of a barking dog.

Expand again:

Practice of "world theory"

1. Find two words with the same meaning from the words added in the following questions.

(1) A. I have heard of Taoism successively, and there are specialties in the art. B. The fallacies and heresies of later generations can't be vindicated, how can they win? C. take the steps from Huarong road. D. The fog on the road is slippery.

A: [] and []

2 a. the teacher's way has not been passed down for a long time. B. teacher, so preach and teach. C. all six arts are spread to it. D. this world is not handed down.

A: [] and []

(3) A. Today's people are far from being saints. (2) Sages are sacred because fools are stupid. (3) It is advisable to open a holy court and leave the emperor with virtue.

A: [] and []

2. In classical Chinese, nouns and adjectives are used as verbs in sentences. Besides causative usage, there is also a common usage. For example, the word "teacher" means "take" ... as a teacher. This is the so-called "conative usage". Tell me what part of speech the words added in the following sentences are used for and how to explain them.

(1). Hard-working witch doctor musicians are not ashamed to learn from each other:

(2) Confucius Tanzi, Changhong people, Shi Xiangren, Lao Dan people:

(3) and mediocrity is still a shame, this situation is similar to shame:

(4) Climbing Mount Tai is a small world;

(5) the city people are strange, and the guests are slightly strange:

Guest: ⑥ Dirt Wan Huhou Dirt:

3. Point out the ancient and modern meanings of the following words.

① Ancient scholars: Today:

I don't know the old saying: Today:

③ Primary school and great heritage: Today:

4. Translate the following classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.

I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.

Translation:

(2) Good ancient prose, six arts are handed down from generation to generation, regardless of time, spare time to study.

Translation:

5. This article talks a lot about learning from teachers, which ones are useful for us today? What embodies the author's feudal consciousness?

A:

6. Compared with The Snake Catcher, what are the differences in their contrast techniques?

A:

7. Recite the full text.

★ Read the following text and complete the 8- 10 question.

Hey, honey! It takes too long to learn from others ()! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. It is so sacred and beneficial, stupid and ignorant. (1) the saint is holy, fools are stupid, is this out of ()? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. (2) The boy's teacher, the reader who teaches and studies books, is not the kind of person I said to spread his way to solve his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know (). Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. " Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, which is strange ()!

8. The function words that should be filled in brackets in classical Chinese are

/ / /

9. The following groups of sentences with the same meaning are a group of words.

A ashamed to be a teacher, it's hard not to confuse people.

Those who are not what I call telling the truth to solve confusion are also confused and have nothing to compare.

. B. what to learn, what not to learn, or what the king urgently ordered.

And either the cigarettes are gone or you want to attract each other.

C he is far away from Shushan, and Albania is out.

If the farmer can't get out, he will be short of food. He will open his coat and give it to him.

D. ask questions after learning from the teacher, just like the remains of martyrs, don't ask.

Do whatever you want, don't ask indiscriminately, and send people to wait for the martial arts school day and night.

Or ask the teacher questions.

Just like the remains of a brave man, you can't ask.

Whatever you do, don't ask.

Send someone to wait for martial arts.

D

10, translate the following sentences.

(1) The teacher's way is not passed down for a long time. Translation:

(2) is really strange ()! Translation:

Expand innovation

Read the following passage and complete the question 1 1- 15.

2 1, Bai Zongyuan:

Shame on Shu Yun, I want to be a teacher. Servant's way is not good, and his official career is very shallow. Looking around, there is no one to learn. Although it is often a good speech, it is an article and unnatural. Unexpectedly, my son came to the barbarians from Beijing, but he was lucky to see it. Servants have nothing to take away from solids; I wouldn't dare to be a teacher if I took the fake certificate. Dare not be a teacher for everyone, but dare to be my son?

Mencius said that "the trouble of people lies in being a good teacher". From Wei to Jin, people benefited from not being a teacher. In this world, I have never heard of teachers; Some people laughed at it and thought it was a madman. Han Yu, alone, ignored customs, laughed and abused, learned after being called, and became a teacher because of his resistance; The world is full of strange fruit and scolds it, pointing to the eyes and pulling it, adding it to the words. The more you have a crazy name. Living in Chang 'an, unfamiliar with cooking, and in the East. If there is, count.

Qu Zifu (4) said, "It's strange that dogs bark in the city." The servant went to Wenyong, southern Sichuan, where the rain continued and the days were few, and the dogs barked at sunrise. I think this is an exaggeration. Six or seven years ago, the servant came to the south. The next winter, fortunately, it snowed over the mountains, and the dogs in several states in South Vietnam were yellow, barking and tired, and they didn't believe what they had heard until there was no snow. Today, Han Yu thinks that he is the god of Shu, and my son wants me to be in a timely manner. He is not sick! If you don't see a doctor alone, you will also disgust my son. However, snow and the sun are never the same! The ears of a barking dog. There are a few people who don't scream today, but who dares to blame the masses for making trouble and getting angry?

Since his servant died, he has benefited less and thought less. After living in Nanzhong for nine years, beriberi has worsened and people are becoming less and less noisy. How can we make those who suffer from baa baa? wake up in my ear early and be agitated in my heart, and then the stiff servant will be agitated, and the more he can't live. Living in a flat place, I have a lot of tongues, and I don't owe it to be a teacher. If you suppress the smell, the ancient people will give people a handle, especially saints. People have stopped doing things for hundreds of years. Everyone close to Sun did it alone. An established ceremony will be built tomorrow, and I will recommend it to the outer court. I want to tell the nobles that a son will be crowned. The people who answered were all salty. Jing and Zheng Shu suddenly dragged their feet, but stood up and said, "What are you planning for me?" Everyone in the court laughed. Sun Tzu, without Andrew, the world would not be peaceful. What is this? Do whatever you want. Today's life teacher, this kind. (Excerpt from Liu Zongyuan's "Answering Wei Zhongli's Taoist Book") [Note] 1 Wei Zhongli: the grandson of Wei Biao, the secretariat of Tanzhou. Liu Zongyuan also wrote "Farewell to Wei Qixiu's Scholar, Seeking Profit and Making Friends First", saying that "he is gentle and tall, willing to persevere, trying his craftsmanship, and benefiting from seeing sages for a long time. However, he has been invincible for three years. " Later, in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was a scholar. ② People's trouble is to be a good teacher: see Mencius and Li Lou. 3 "qiè qié": eager. ④ Qu Zifu: refers to Nine Chapters of Huaisha. ⑤ Servant came to the south: In the Yongzhenyuan period of Tang Shunzong (805), Zongyuan was demoted to Shaozhou Secretariat and was demoted to Yongzhou Sima in the middle, so it was called Nanlai. ⑥ Two years: Tang Xianzong Yuanhe two years (807). ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ 931⑧: The face is gloomy. 9 coronation ceremony: Zhou Dynasty was crowned at the age of 20. Attending recommendation: ancient officials inserted gentry belt. Recommended, insert 1 1. The words added in the following sentences are correct in phonetic notation and interpretation.

A. insulting the book cloud wants to learn from each other's strengths: xiāng, mutual.

B. Be a good teacher: h m 40, beautiful.

C. Although he is always talkative, his article is wéi, writing.

D. If yes, count it: Sh, how many times?

12, the following function words have the same usage and meaning.

A, Han Yu, a loner, doesn't care about customs.

I'm not alone in seeing a doctor. My son B is sick, too. My son wants me to snow.

Fruit groups all over the world get together to scold ... and add it to the words.

C, Zhi Zhi is considered safe in order to have a job.

Yu ... wrote Shi Shuo to make it work.

D, there are three people, there must be a teacher.

In its body, being a teacher is shameful. 13. The following words have the same semantics in ancient and modern times.

A, the teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts.

B, servant to Wenyong, south of Shu, constant rain and few days, morning dog barking, I thought it was exaggerated.

C, then believe what you have heard before.

D, each holding the terrain, intrigue.

14, Liu Zongyuan is unwilling to "be a teacher" mainly because

(1) Servant's way is not good, and his official career is very shallow. (2) It is very painful to be a teacher. (3) Who dares to dazzle the strange crowd to arouse public anger? (4) increase beriberi, and gradually dislike making trouble in this world. (5) I have never heard of a teacher. Since I fell into this world, I have benefited less.

a、①②③ B、②③④ C、③④⑤ D、④⑤⑥

15, translate the following sentences.

(1) insult book cloud, want to learn from each other. Translation:

(2) Han Yu thinks that Shu is the sky, and Zi wants to make me snow.

Translation:

★ Research-oriented learning scheme (choose one question)

16, collect and sort out the classic works of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, edit a volume of the classic anthology of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and write an argumentative postscript after the anthology.

17, combined with relevant historical materials, studies the position of Han Yu among the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his role and influence on the creation of ancient Chinese prose.

18. Write a new version of teachers' theory in combination with reality.

[Reference Answer] 1, 1C, D2A, D3A, C 2, ① Shame, used as a verb, meaning "be ashamed of". (2) Teacher, used as a verb, means "take ... as a teacher". (3) Shame, used as a verb, means "be ashamed of ...". ④ Small, used as a verb, meaning "treat ... as small". ⑤ Odd numbers, used as verbs, mean "take away" ... as odd as ". Guest, used as a verb, means "take away" ... as a guest. Dirt, used as a verb, means "take away" ... treat it as dung. 3, 1 ancient: people who read books; Today: people with specialized knowledge 2 ancient times: the place where sentences stopped; Today: reading words and sounding 3 ancient times: learning from small aspects; Today: Primary School 4. 1 reading can't break sentences, there are problems that can't be solved. (Of these two things,) the former went to ask the teacher, while the latter didn't. Learn the small ones and lose the big ones. I don't see how clever (this kind of person) is. (2) I like classical Chinese, and I have studied the Six Classics and their biographies. He came to learn from me, not limited by the customs at that time. 5. The author puts forward the responsibility of teachers for the first time, which is both general and comprehensive; The author emphasizes that we should learn from teachers, be a competent teacher, be ashamed to ask questions, respect teachers, reward students for learning, etc., which still has reference significance today. However, the author's "Tao" is the way for Confucianism to maintain feudal rule, and "karma" is the "Six Arts Classics", which is essentially different from what we call "Tao" and "karma". He regarded the "scholar-bureaucrat family" as less knowledgeable than the "witch doctor musician", which exposed the prejudice that the feudal ruling class despised the working people. 6. From the above analysis, this paper compares three kinds of people side by side, while the snake catcher theory compares them repeatedly in one case: ① the number of people who are more willing to catch snakes; ② Comparison of the experiences of three generations of Jiang family and other families in the same village; (3) Compared with the two capital crimes committed by Jiang when he was one year old, the rest of the time was bustling and enjoyable, compared with every day of the villagers. 8. Yi/Hu/Ye/Ye 9. A 10。 The fashion of learning from teachers has not been passed down for a long time. Isn't that weird? 1 1, C 12, D 13, B 14, A 15, ① thank you for your letter, and want to learn from me. (2) Han Yu played the sun in Shu, and you asked me to play the snow in Yue.

It is said that the world is a good novel website, and you deserve it.