Tell me how you feel about living together.

Review the first chapter of geography in Grade Two 1. Seen from the eastern and western hemispheres, China is located in the eastern hemisphere. Seen from north and south Qiu Guan, China is located in the northern hemisphere. Judging from the location of the world's continents and oceans, China is the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 2. China has a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world after Russian and Canadian. 3. The territory of China spans a wide latitude from north to south. Most of them are located in the mid-latitude area, belonging to the north temperate zone, and a few are in the tropics, with no frigid zone. 4. The endangered oceans in China are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea from north to south. 5. Zhoushan Fishing Ground, the largest fishing ground in China, is located in the East China Sea. 6. Luchang Yantian, located in Bohai Sea, is the largest Yantian in China. 7. China has a vast territory, and its administrative regions are basically divided into three levels: province, county and township. According to the data released by the fifth national census in 2000, the total population of China is1295 million, which is the most populous country in the world. 9. The population distribution of China is more in the southeast and less in the northwest. 10, China's population is characterized by a large population base and rapid population growth. 1 1. In order to adapt the population growth to the socio-economic development and the resources and environment, the China government regards the implementation of family planning as a basic national policy. 12, Han nationality is the most populous nationality in China, and Zhuang nationality is the most populous nationality in China. 13, the Han nationality is distributed all over the country, mainly in the east and middle. The ethnic minorities in China are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast border areas. The distribution of ethnic minorities has the characteristics of large mixed population and small settlements. Chapter ii 1. The topographical features of China are high in the west and low in the east, with a stepped distribution. The western region is dominated by mountains, plateaus and basins. The east is dominated by plains and hills. 2. The landform of China is characterized by complex and diverse terrain and vast mountains. Mountainous areas include mountains, rugged plateaus and hills, accounting for about two-thirds of the country's land area. Himalayas is the most majestic mountain range in the world, with Mount Everest, the main peak, standing on the border between China and Nepal, at an altitude of 8,844 meters. 43 meters is the highest mountain in the world. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest plateau in the world, with an average elevation of more than 4000 meters, which is called "the roof of the world". The mountains are covered with snow and glaciers are widely distributed. 6 Inner Mongolia Plateau is flat and boundless; Gullies in the Loess Plateau are vertical and horizontal; The ground of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rugged. 9. The common natural disasters in mountainous areas are collapse, landslide and debris flow. 10 and latitude position are the main factors affecting the temperature distribution in China. 1 1. Mohe Town is the coldest in winter and Turpan is the hottest in summer. 12. The distribution trend of annual precipitation in China is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. 13, the average elevation (m) of the terrain steps. The first step of the main terrain type is more than 4000m. Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Hengduan Mountain, the boundary mountains of the plateau, are the second steps. Plateau elevation1000 ~ 2000m. The basin is divided into mountains, Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain, and hills and plains below 500m, 14. The summer monsoon affecting China includes the southeast monsoon from the Pacific Ocean and the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean. The monsoon area is obviously affected by the summer monsoon, and the precipitation is abundant, mainly in summer; In non-monsoon areas, summer monsoon is difficult to reach, precipitation is scarce, and it is dry all year round. 15, the seasonal distribution of precipitation in various regions of China is very uneven, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn. Precipitation in most places is concentrated in May-September. 16 and Qinhuai river line are the places where the 0℃ isotherm of 65438+ 10 passes; Where the 800 mm isohyet passes; The dividing line between temperate zone and subtropical zone; The dividing line between wet zone and semi-wet zone is 17. The disastrous weather brought by monsoon climate in China includes cold wave, drought, flood and typhoon. 18. The most striking climate feature of China monsoon climate is the same period of rain and heat. 19. According to the temperature difference between north and south, China can be divided into five temperature zones from north to south: cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone. The main index of dividing temperature zone is active accumulated temperature. 20. According to the degree of dryness and wetness of the climate, China can be divided into humid zone, semi-humid zone, semi-arid zone and arid zone. 2 1, rivers north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River are frozen in winter. 22. Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and its water mainly comes from the melting water of snow and ice in Kunlun Mountain and Tianshan Mountain. In recent years, the increase of irrigation water along the way has made the middle and lower reaches of the river cut off more seriously. 23. Ningxia Plain has the reputation of "Jiangnan in the world". 24. The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau, resulting in serious soil erosion and a "river on the ground" in the lower reaches. 25. The Yangtze River is known as a "water treasure house" and a "golden waterway". Short answer: 1. Why is the Yangtze River the largest river in China? A: It is the longest river with the largest water volume and the widest drainage area in China. What are the characteristics of temperature distribution in China? The temperature difference between north and south is large in winter, and it is generally high in the whole country in summer. 3. What is the reason for the large temperature difference between north and south in winter? (Latitude position, influence of winter wind) 4. Where are the four points in our territory? (Page 4 of this book) 5. The terrain of China is high in the west and low in the east. How does it affect the climate and river flow? (Two questions on page 23 of the book) 6. In which section of the Yellow River is the Dihe distributed? What is the reason? "(1, downstream. 2. The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau, resulting in serious soil erosion. Entering the lower reaches of the plain, the river channel widens, the slope slows down, the river speed slows down, the sediment deposits, and the riverbed gradually rises, becoming an "overground river". ) Report Respondents Supplemented 20 1 0-12-122:18+0065438 Geography Midterm Review Outline1,China's geographical location and characteristics: ● Latitude location and advantages: China. The huge climate difference provides favorable conditions for the development of (various agricultural economies). ● Land and sea location and advantages: (1) is located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean, which makes the vast area in the east of China (under the influence of humid air flow in summer monsoon, precipitation) rich and is beneficial to (agricultural) production; (2) The eastern region has both land and sea, which is conducive to friendly exchanges with overseas countries; The western region (deep into Eurasia) enables China's land transportation to communicate directly with other countries (Central Asia, West Asia and Europe), which facilitates foreign countries (exchanges and cooperation). (3) There are many excellent harbors along the coast, which are convenient for development (marine industry). ● China has a territorial area of (9.6 million) square kilometers, ranking third in the world after (Russian) and (Canadian). Lulin 14. Clockwise, they are North Korea, (Russia), (Mongolia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, (India), Nepal, Bhutan, (Myanmar), (Laos) and Vietnam. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers. There are six countries across the sea: Korea, (Japan), Philippines, (Malaysia), Brunei and (Indonesia). (P4 figure 1. 4)● Administrative divisions (1) At present, China's administrative divisions are basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), counties (autonomous counties) and townships (towns). Provincial administrative units include 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions. (2) The largest area is Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (3) The provincial administrative regions where the Tropic of Cancer passes from west to east are called Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Taiwan Province. (4) Summarize the characteristics, abbreviations and administrative centers of provincial administrative units (Figure P7 1.7)2. Population of China ● Total population: 2000 (1295) billion. ● The outstanding characteristics of China's population: large population base and rapid population growth. ● Characteristics of population distribution in China: The population distribution (uneven) is bounded by Heihe River in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan, with high population density in the (eastern) area and low population density in the (western) area. The western part of China is sparsely populated, but rich in resources. What problems should be paid attention to in the development of the western region? The western region has resource advantages, but the natural environment is relatively fragile. At present, the contradiction between man, land, water and soil is quite acute, and the development of the western region must be based on environmental protection, and it is not possible to develop first and then treat it. National population policy: family planning. ● Content: Control population and improve population quality ● The most populous province: Henan, the most densely populated province: Macau, and the least densely populated province: Xizang Autonomous Region ● 3. Ethnic Groups in China * * * There are (56) ethnic groups in China, of which the largest population is (Han nationality) and the largest population among ethnic minorities is (Zhuang nationality). ● Distribution characteristics of Han nationality: Han nationality is distributed all over the country, most concentrated in (central) and (eastern). ● Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities: mainly concentrated in (northeast), (northwest) and (southwest). Zhuang nationality is the most populous nation. Characteristics of ethnic distribution: (large mixed residence, small settlement). ● Ethnic customs: (Mongolian) Nadam, Dai Water-splashing Festival, peacock dance group dance, (Tibetan) Tibetan calendar year, (Korean) Changgu, etc. 4. Terrain of China ● Terrain characteristics of China: (the terrain is complex and diverse, and the mountainous area is vast )● What problems should be paid attention to in the development and protection of mountainous areas: (1) The mountainous areas are rugged, (traffic) is inconvenient, and (infrastructure) is difficult to build. (2) When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to (ecological environment construction) to prevent and avoid mountain disasters (such as collapse, landslide and debris flow). ● Topographic features of China: (The topography of China is high in the west and low in the east, with a stepped distribution). ● Ladder dividing line: altitude, main terrain types and main terrain areas (P22 Figure 2.2), and secondary ladder dividing line: Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain; The dividing line of the second and third steps: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain. The first step: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qaidam Basin over 4000m; Step 2: 1000m-2000m plateau; Inner Mongolia Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin; Step 3: Hills and plains below 500m. Southeast hills, Northeast Plain, North China Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ● The stepped distribution characteristics of China's topography, which is high in the west and low in the east, have an impact on China's climate: (1) Impact on climate: China's topography, which is high in the west and low in the east, inclines to the ocean, which is conducive to the humid air flowing from the sea to the inland of China, bringing abundant precipitation to the vast areas of China. (2) Impact on rivers: the topography of high in the west and low in the east will inevitably cause rivers in China to flow into the sea from west to east; When the river flows from a higher step to a lower step, the drop is large, resulting in huge water energy. (3) Impact on traffic: The big river flowing eastward connects the traffic between the east and the west of China, which facilitates the connection between coastal areas and inland areas; The mountain range at the junction of stairs has become a huge obstacle to the east-west traffic in China. Terrain areas on both sides of the mountain range (P27 activity 3) West side East side ① Daxinganling Inner Mongolia Plateau Northeast Plain ② Taihang Mountain Loess Plateau North China Plain ③ Wushan Sichuan Basin Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain ④ Hengduan Mountain Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Sichuan Basin or Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Mountain Terrain area North side ⑤ Kunlun Mountain Tarim Basin Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ⑤ Tianshan Mountain Junggar Basin Tarim Basin ● Mountains form a terrain skeleton ● Four plateaus (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) China has the highest altitude, The largest plateau (Inner Mongolia Plateau) has flat surface, endless loess (Loess Plateau) and thousands of valleys (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has rugged surface and remarkable karst landform). The basin with the largest area in great basin is (Tarim Basin), the basin with the highest altitude is (Qaidam Basin) and the basin with the highest latitude is (Junggar Basin). The basin with the best conditions for developing agricultural production is (Sichuan Basin) ● Main mountain ranges: East-West: Tianshan Mountains in the yinshan mountains-Kunlun Mountains-Qinling Nanling Mountains-Northeast-Southwest: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountains-Wushan. Yi Mountain Range North-South Mountain Range in Taiwan Province Province: Northwest-Southeast of Hengduan Mountain Range: Qilian Mountain Range Arc Mountain Range: Himalayas 5. Climate in China According to the active accumulated temperature, China can be divided into five temperature zones from north to south. Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone; In addition, there is a plateau climate zone with higher terrain. (1) The temperature difference between north and south is large in winter in China, and the main reason (main latitude position) and the secondary reason (winter wind) are not large in summer. The national high temperature (2) 1℃ isotherm passes: Qinling-Huaihe River (3) Nanjing is located in the south of Qinling-Huaihe River, subtropical zone (4) hottest place in summer: coldest place in Turpan: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (reason: high altitude, low temperature) (7) China's three major furnaces (Chongqing, Nanjing and Wuhan) ● 400mm in China. 16)● According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can divide "Informant Supplement" into the first volume of 8 levels: 2010-12-122:16.

Chapter I Territory and population of China.

1. 1 China territory

Great motherland: People's Republic of China (PRC) is located in the east of Asia and the west bank of the Pacific Ocean. -Land and sea.

Vast territory: land rights: ① vast territory ② land boundary ③ land neighbors 14.

Maritime power: ① vast sea area; ② Long coastline; ③ Six countries facing each other across the sea.

Northernmost: Mohe 54° N；; ; Eastmost: the intersection of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River135 E. Southmost point: Zengmu shoal 4 N. West: Pamirs 73 e.

China has a vast territory, with a total land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, which is almost equivalent to the whole area of Europe. It ranks third among countries in the world and is a country with a large area in the world.

China is an important maritime power in the world, with a coastline of over18,000 kilometers, which is one of the longest countries in the world. There are more than 6,500 islands with a sea area of over 500 square meters in China. The width of China's territorial sea is 22.22km (12 nautical mile). The sea area under the jurisdiction of China is about 3 million square kilometers.

There are many neighboring countries: China's land border is 20,000 kilometers long, and there are 14 neighboring countries (jingles): East Korea, North Mongolia, Northeast Russia and Northwest China; Hajita Aba in the west; Danny in southwestern India; There are Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the south. There are six countries across the sea: Indonesia, Malaysia, Wen Fei, Japan and South Korea.

1.2 chinese administrative division

Historical administrative divisions: current administrative divisions: China's current administrative divisions are basically divided into three levels: provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), counties (autonomous counties and county-level cities) and towns (townships). There are 34 provincial administrative units in China, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions, namely Hongkong and Macau.

Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable and sacred territory of our country.

Names, abbreviations and administrative center textbooks of 34 provincial administrative units: Page 8 of the first volume of Grade 8.

1.3 population of China

The first in the world: the fifth census: the total population of China is 6543.8+295 million. The current population is 654.38+0.3 billion.

Rapid growth: uneven distribution: Tengchong-Mohe, China population density.

Characteristics of multi-group and minority groups

The eastern region has a large population;

Coastal, river and lake areas have a large population;

The plains and basins have a large population;

Areas with developed economy and transportation have a large population;

Areas with dense towns and developed industries have a large population;

The Han area has a large population. The western region has a small population;

The arid desert area has a small population;

The population in mountainous areas and plateaus is small;

Remote farming and pastoral areas have a small population;

Remote farming and pastoral areas have a small population;

Most ethnic minority areas have a small population.

China's population policy: it is a long-term basic national policy to implement family planning, control population and improve population quality.

1.4 population of China:

56 Ethnic Groups: China is a unified multi-ethnic family with 56 ethnic groups including Han, Zhuang, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur and Miao. The Han nationality has a large population, which is close to 92% of the total population in China. Other ethnic groups account for only 8% of the population and are called ethnic minorities. Major ethnic minorities:

Large mixed communities and small settlements: Han nationality is the most widely distributed, mainly concentrated in the east and middle. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast. There are ethnic minorities living in Han areas, and there are also Han people living in ethnic minority areas.

Ethnic customs: Mongolia-Nadam Congress; Dai people in Yunnan-Songkran Festival; Chinese nation-Dragon Boat Festival.

Chapter II Natural Environment of China

2. 1 Topography of China

The terrain is high in the west and low in the east:-stepped. The mountains are staggered; The direction of the mountains;

East-west trend: Tianshan, Yinshan, Kunlun, Qinling and Nanling; North-south trend: Helan Mountain, Liupan Mountain and Hengduan Mountain. Northeast-southwest trend: Daxinganling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan, Xuefeng Mountain, Changbai Mountain, Wuyishan, Taiwan Province Mountain and Yushan Mountain. Northwest-southeast trend: Altai Mountain and Qilian Mountain; Arc strike: Himalayas.

Five Mountains in China: Mount Tai and Dongyue; Xiyue Huashan; Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue; Mount Hengshan in Beiyue; Zhongyueshan

The terrain is complex and diverse: China's terrain is high in the west and low in the east, showing a stepped distribution. The criss-crossing mountains and complex and diverse terrain provide us with rich and colorful natural landscapes, and the production activities and lifestyles in different parts of the motherland are different. Four plateaus: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: the highest plateau in the world, known as the "roof of the world". The mountains are covered with snow all year round, and glaciers crisscross. Inner Mongolia Plateau: The plateau is flat and open, and there are many deserts, Gobi and fertile grasslands in the east and middle of the northwest. Loess Plateau: Loess is the most widely distributed area in the world. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Most of the plateau is rugged and limestone is widely distributed.

Great basin: Tarim Basin: the largest inland basin in China. Among them is the Taklimakan Desert, the largest desert in China. Junggar Basin: China's second great basin. Qaidam Basin: Known as the "cornucopia".

Sichuan Basin: It is called "Purple Basin". The famous Chengdu Plain is located in the west of the basin, with developed agriculture and rich products, and is known as the "land of abundance".

Three plains: Northeast Plain: Black soil covers a vast area. North China Plain: The terrain is low and flat, and the ground slope is very small.

The plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: China's famous "land of plenty".

2.2 Climate in China

The climate is complex and diverse: the climate is complex and diverse: in winter, the temperature difference between north and south is large, the south is warm, and the farther north, the lower the temperature. In summer, the temperature in the north and south is generally high. The climate types in China are divided into temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical monsoon climate, temperate continental climate and plateau alpine climate.

Remarkable monsoon climate: Although there are various types of climate in China, the monsoon climate is remarkable, with the widest monsoon climate area.

The influence of monsoon is the main reason for the uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space. Mainland characteristics.

Many special weather: mainly cold wave, plum rain, typhoon, sandstorm and so on. Many droughts and floods. Flood is a natural disaster with frequent occurrence and serious losses in China. Drought is a kind of climate disaster which has the greatest influence, the most common and the widest distribution on agricultural production in China.

2.3 Rivers in China

The outflow area is the main area: the basin refers to the area where rivers or water systems are concentrated. Water system refers to the water flow system composed of all rivers, lakes, swamps and underground rivers in the basin. Rivers where surface and underground runoff finally flow into the ocean are called outflow rivers. The distribution area of outflow river becomes outflow area. Rivers that eventually do not flow into the ocean, that is, rivers that flow into inland lakes or disappear into the desert, are called inland rivers. The area where inland rivers are distributed is called the internal flow area.

The hydrological characteristics of the outflow rivers in China are deeply influenced by the monsoon climate. With the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River as the boundary, rivers in the southern region flow through the humid areas, with abundant water. Northern rivers flow through semi-humid or semi-arid areas.

Compared with the outflow river, the hydrological characteristics of inland rivers in China are obviously different. The largest freshwater lake in China is Poyang Lake. Rolling Yangtze River: The Yangtze River originates in Tanggula, its main stream flows through Qinghai-Tibet and other provinces 1 1 and finally flows into the East China Sea, with a total length of 6,300 kilometers, making it the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. Upstream: Source-Yichang; Middle reaches: Yichang-Hukou, Jiangxi; Downstream: Hukou, Jiangxi-Flowing into Haikou. The middle reaches are called "nine-curved ileum".

Yellow River: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and one of the world famous rivers. Originated in Bayan Kara, the main stream flows through 9 provinces including Qinghai and Sichuan and flows into Bohai Sea, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers.

Chapter III Natural Resources in China

3. 1 Overview of natural resources

What are natural resources? Natural resources are substances and energy that exist in nature and can provide welfare for human beings.

It mainly includes climate resources, water resources, land resources, biological resources, mineral resources and marine resources.

Characteristics of natural resources: The concept of natural resources is not immutable. In nature, the amount of natural resources is huge, but it is limited. The quality of natural resources varies from region to region. China's natural resources are second only to the United States and Russia. Restricted by some reasons, the distribution of natural resources has certain regularity, but its regional distribution is generally uniform. The situation of natural resources is constantly changing.

3.2 Land Resources in China * World Land Day on June 25th * Land is the stage for human life and production activities.

"More people and less land" is the basic national condition of our country. Complete types: China's land resources are complete, forming a variety of land types such as cultivated land, woodland and grassland, which is conducive to adapting to local conditions. China's vast grassland area ranks among the top in the world, which provides better resource conditions for the development of animal husbandry. China is a Shaolin country. The cultivated land area in China is less than 1 100 million hectares. Land types in China: cultivated land, desert, woodland, grassland, Gobi, alpine desert and rocky mountain. The regional differences are obvious: the spatial distribution of land resources in China is unbalanced, and the regional differences of land productivity are obvious. The natural forests in China are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of northeast, southwest and southeast, mostly artificial forests and secondary forests. The grasslands in China are mainly distributed in eastern Inner Mongolia and the eastern and southern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The quality of land resources in different regions of China varies greatly. There is plenty of sunshine and heat in the northwest inland, but it is dry and rainy, and the water is insufficient, mainly grasslands and deserts. Cherish every inch of land:

3.3 Water Resources in China * * * World Water Day on March 22nd * * *

Disparity in regional distribution: the total amount of water resources in China is quite large, but the per capita possession is very low, which is about 1/4 of the world's per capita water. Uneven time distribution: the time distribution of water resources in China is characterized by more summer and autumn, less winter and spring, and great interannual changes. Rational use of every drop of water: due to the uneven distribution of water resources in China, we must see the inter-basin water transfer project to make rational use of water resources. * * * Diversion from Yellow River to Qinghai * * * South-to-North Water Transfer Project * * *

3.4 China's marine resources

Diversity of biological resources: China is rich in marine biological resources, with more than 20,000 species, including more than 3,000 species of fish and more than 70 species of main economic fish. Pseudosciaena crocea, Pseudosciaena crocea, hairtail and squid are the four famous seafood in China.

Rich mineral resources: China's coastal continental shelf is rich in oil and natural gas. China coastal placer reserves are very rich. Huge chemical resources: China's marine production is developing rapidly. Protecting the "blue land": China has made great achievements in the development and utilization of marine resources, but it also faces some serious problems.

Main saltworks:

Chapter IV Regional Differences in China

4. 1 Qinling-Huaihe line

Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains: The Qinling Mountains span the central part of China, stretching for 500 kilometers from east to west, with a width of 100- 150 kilometers from north to south and an altitude of 1500-2500 meters. The Huaihe River originates from Tongbai Mountain, flows eastward through Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces into Hongze Lake, and then flows into the Yangtze River through Gaoyou Hunan.

Geographical significance of Qinhuai river line: in the process of learning geography, geographical areas and geographical boundaries are very important. Geographical regions reflect the geographical similarity within regions, and geographical boundaries reflect the differences between regions.

Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River are important geographical boundaries in eastern China. On its north and south sides, there are significant differences in natural environment, geographical landscape and residents' production and living habits.

North of Qinhuai River, south of Qinhuai River, Grade 8, Volume I, Page 77

Four geographical regions: northern region, southern region, Qinghai-Tibet region and northwest region. The dividing line between north and south is Qinling-Huaihe line. The dividing line between the north and the northwest is the annual precipitation line of 400 mm. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the dividing line between Qinghai-Tibet and northwest China. The boundary between the Qinghai-Tibet region and the southern region is the boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

4.2 Northern and Southern Regions

Northern region: Overview: The northern region refers to the region north of Qinling-Huaihe River in the east of China, accounting for about 20% of the country's total area and 40% of the population. Northeast Plain, North China Plain and Wei Fen Plain are important agricultural areas in China. Culture: The northern region has a long history and culture, many scenic spots and historical sites, and rich cultural tourism resources.

Crops: spring wheat, corn, sorghum, soybean, potato, beet, etc. Temperate fruits: apples, pears, peaches, apricots, persimmons, dates, grapes, etc. Minerals: coal, iron, oil, etc.

Southern region: refers to the region south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Southern coastal areas and southwest areas. The area accounts for about 1/4 of the whole country, and the population accounts for about 55% of the whole country. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities in the west of this area, and Yunnan Province is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China. Topography: The terrain in this area is high in the west and low in the east, with plains, basins, plateaus and hills interlaced. There are many rivers and lakes in the plain area, and the water network is vertical and horizontal, which has typical characteristics of southern water towns. Crops: rice, citrus, tea, silkworm, sugarcane, aquatic products and tropical crops. Minerals: copper mine, tungsten mine, mercury mine, tin mine, antimony mine, lead-zinc mine.

4.3 Qinghai-Tibet and Northwest China

Qinghai-Tibet Region: Overview: Qinghai-Tibet Region mainly includes Xizang Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and western Sichuan Province, accounting for about 25% of the country's total area, and its population only accounts for about 1% of the country's total. The main body of the Qinghai-Tibet region is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is known as the "roof of the world". Crops: highland barley, peas, wheat, rape. Religion: Tibetan Buddhism. Terrain: Mountains crisscross, glaciers are widely distributed, and transportation is very difficult. Highway: Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet and China-Nepal.

Northwest: Located in the north of the Great Wall-Qilian Mountain-Altun Mountain-Kunlun Mountain, with an area of about 30% and a population of about 4%. Ethnic minorities: Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Kazak, etc. Crops in pastoral areas: meat, milk, skin, wool, etc. Mineral resources: rare earth ore, nickel ore, coal, oil and lignite.

* * * 4.5 Supplementary Summary * * *

Northern region, southern region, northwest region of Qinghai-Tibet region

Topographic features Plateau and plain are mainly basins, plains, plateaus and hills. Plateau and basin with the highest altitude.

Summer climate characteristics: high temperature and rainy.

Winter: cold and dry, sufficient water and heat, sufficient sunshine, low temperature drying and sufficient sunshine.

The main rivers are the Yellow River, the Yangtze River in Heilongjiang, the Yangtze River in Pearl River and the Tarim River at the source of the Yellow River.

The main minerals are coal, iron, petroleum, non-ferrous metal potassium salt, petroleum coal and petroleum.

The main crops, such as wheat, rice, sugar beet, highland barley and sugar beet, were supplemented by the respondents. The topic is not everything. Only by remembering the main points can you answer freely!