What essays were there during the Anti-Japanese War?

At the beginning of the class, the texts of Ba Jin's prose poems "Day" and "Moon" were projected, and the background music was Chinese folk music "Cloud Chasing the Moon", creating a lyrical atmosphere.

sun

In pursuit of light and heat, moths jump under the lamp and finally die under the lamp or soak in oil, which is commendable. At the last moment, it got light and heat.

I miss ancient Kuafu. He chased the shadow of the sun and died of thirst in the valley.

In pursuit of light and heat, people would rather give up their lives. Life is lovely. But a cold and lonely life is not as good as a vigorous death.

Without light and heat, wouldn't this world be dark and cold?

If I had a pair of wings, I would be a moth on the earth. I want to fly to the hot sun ball, let me shine in front of my eyes, lose consciousness when my body is hot, and turn into a puff of smoke and a pinch of ash.

July 2 1 day

moon

Every time I look at the bright moon in the sky, I think: is anyone watching the moon by the fence at this time?

The full moon is like a mirror, hanging in the blue sky. We should all stay in the mirror. There must be someone in this mirror.

Looking at the mirror on a cold night, I only feel cold light. Facing the cool moon, I feel the same way.

On the sea, on the mountain, in the garden, in the street, sometimes standing alone on the Gao Lu platform of the city in the quiet night, looking at the bright moon, I always feel that there are cold light and cold air invading my body. Late at night in winter, standing in a small yard, I saw the moonlight on the frosty ground and felt a thick layer of frost on my clothes.

Indeed, the moonlight is very cold. I know that dead planets don't release heat. The light of the moon is the light of death.

But why is there a legend that Heng E ran to the moon? Can that beautiful woman who took the elixir of life revive this lifeless planet? Or she saw someone's face in the mirror.

July 22(nd)

Teacher: Today is Monday, October 25th, 2005/KLOC-0, 65438. We are studying Ba Jin's prose poems. On this day, who wants to say a word for our class?

Student: Use this lesson to mourn Grandpa Ba Jin.

Teacher: How did you know that Mr. Ba Jin died? Can you tell me more about Grandpa Ba Jin?

(Ask students to answer)

Ask another student to write on the blackboard: I salute Mr. Ba Jin. )

After setting the tone of this class, we will formally study, understand the characters and works, understand the emotions in the text, understand the profound meaning of sentences, and understand the complex and rich inner world of young Ba Jin. Basic design: the whole class uses "reading" to connect these links. This is a self-reading text and a prose poem suitable for lyrical reading. Appeared in the eighth grade of the experimental book of People's Education Press, compiled in the second unit. The texts selected in this unit are all prose poems, among which Snow is Lu Xun's masterpiece, and Song of Thunder is a fragment of Guo Moruo's historical drama Qu Yuan, which is an impassioned inner monologue. Haiyan is the title of Gorky. Song group. Yes. The teaching of five texts is very particular about reading.

Teacher: (asking a student) When you preview these two prose poems, do you read them silently or read them aloud? What did you feel when you read it?

Student: I read silently; I experienced the brilliance of the sun and the coldness of the moon, but everyone wanted to go up there.

Teacher: (asking the second student) Is his answer the same as your understanding?

Student: I realized Ba Jin's feelings for the sun and the moon.

Teacher: They told the value of these two prose poems from different aspects. The students in front only noticed the work itself, and the students behind also noticed the author's situation. (Ask the third student) How many times did you watch it in the preview? What do you not understand about the sentences in the text? If you are asked to read aloud now, what do you think are the emotional similarities and differences between reading the first article and reading the second article?

Student: I read it three times; What I don't understand is that Grandpa Ba Jin said that "life is lovely", but why praise moths and Kuafu? Also, the moon and the sun, who is Ba Jin's ideal? I think it's two opposite things.

Teacher: OK, you have raised a lot of questions and exposed some misunderstandings, but it doesn't matter, I believe it will be corrected. ..... Now, please come and answer my question. Sun and Moon are prose poems written by Ba Jin in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The Chinese nation at that time is the enemy now. What are the main emotions of China people in that situation? Can you relate this to the sun, the moon, moths, Kuafu and Chang 'e? ..... Please think about it or discuss it.

Student activities

After the students speak, the teacher shows them through the projection:

"Day" and "Moon" exude the melancholy and enthusiastic youth of the author. Sun showed the author's enthusiasm. In that world without light and heat, there are only "a dark and cold world", "I would like to be a moth on the earth" and "fly to the blazing sun ball" I would rather give up my life and pursue my ideal life. "Moon" shows the author's delicate and quiet side. The author praised Heng E for giving up everything for an ideal and "delusional" to change the icy planet "Moon". Heng E is the embodiment of the author's ideal spirit. Both of these short essays show the author's hopes and beliefs about life and life.

Teacher: In today's class, we are going to read these two prose poems affectionately together. Please say it briefly first. According to your understanding, what is reading aloud and what is reading aloud? How can I recite it well?

Many students: (Answer. A little. )

The teacher asked a student to sort out: read correctly, be fluent in Mandarin and have feelings, and read aloud. Recitation is the artistic treatment and expression of works. If you want to recite a good article, you must have rich feelings and be able to accurately understand the spirit of the original text.

Teacher's guidance: Then how do you understand the emotion in the text, the profound meaning of the sentence, and the complex and rich inner world of young Ba Jin? What kind of abundant emotions do you think should be prepared before reading?

Students think.

Teacher: These two prose poems of Grandpa Ba Jin are relatively soothing, so you can read them freely and deal with them boldly. The language of the article is beautiful, philosophical and rich in connotation, and some famous aphorisms should be kept in mind. ..... Now please find your own way, read it out loud, or discuss it in groups and see how to read it. After a while, we asked some students to stand up and recite the full text.

Student activities

The teacher asked each student to stand up and read aloud. Find a middle-level classmate. )

The teacher asked other students to point out their shortcomings in reading aloud. )

The teacher concluded: It seems that recitation is very particular. To put it simply, we must first understand the original work well, and then we must have certain reading skills. Please look at the projection below. In order to recite this text better, I have provided many knowledge cards for your reference. If you need any relevant knowledge, you can click on this item. But you have to think: why do you want to know about this project, and how does it help you recite the text?

Student Activities and Collective Learning of Texts

The teacher's projection shows the following buttons:

1. Ba Jin himself 2. The third year of writing. New word 4. Recitation method 5. Expression 6. Extended imagination

Each button links to related knowledge points. Teachers are free to click on relevant information.

1. Ba Jin

Ba Jin was born in 1904, formerly known as Li Yaotang. Chengdu, Sichuan. Famous modern and contemporary writers. 1920 entered Chengdu Foreign Studies University. 1923 fled the feudal family and studied in middle schools in Shanghai and Nanjing. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, he went to France to study and wrote his first novel, Death, which was published under the pseudonym of Ba Jin. /kloc-returned to Shanghai at the end of 0/928 to engage in creation and translation. His main works are novellas such as Riptide Trilogy (Home, Spring and Autumn) and Love Trilogy (Fog, Rain and Electricity), and he has published short story collections such as Revenge, General, Ghost, Passage of Time, Return to Grass, etc.

2. Writing years

These two works were written in the period of 1942 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, when China was being ravaged by Japanese imperialism, light was replaced by darkness, and peace was slaughtered and raped. For the independence and survival of the Chinese nation, Qian Qian never wants to be a conquered people, take up arms and go to war at all costs.

3. New words

Yun, Heng, Hao and Jin.

A pinch of (Cu not) ash, a pinch, a quantifier.

Blink, blink, blink.

Loneliness: loneliness, desolation.

If: if.

Sky: the vast sky.

Hao Yue: Bright Moon.

Chant: Singing.

Give up: Give up.

Willing: willing.

Railing: lean against the railing.

Moth to the fire: a moth to the fire is a metaphor for self-destruction.

4. Recitation method

Commonly used expressions are: pause, stress, speech speed, sentence tone. Pause refers to the sound interval between sentences or words, which can give the audience room to appreciate, think, understand and accept. Stress refers to emphasizing certain words. Speech speed refers to the length of each syllable and the tightness of the connection between syllables when speaking or reciting. Generally speaking, warm, cheerful, excited and nervous content is faster; The content of calmness, solemnity, sadness, heaviness and reminiscence is slow. General narrative, explanation and discussion use medium speed. Sentence tone, in Chinese, words have tone and sentences have tone. Sentence tone, also called intonation, refers to the rise and fall of sentences. Sentence tones can be divided into four types: rising tone, falling tone, flat tone and tone. The rising tone (↑) is generally used to express the tone of doubt, rhetorical question and surprise. The falling tone (↓) is generally used in declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences to express feelings such as affirmation, determination, praise and blessing. Flat (1) is used for statements and explanations without special feelings, and can also express feelings such as solemnity, sadness and indifference. Melody is often used to express satire, disgust, irony, suggestion, etc. In addition, there are some special means of expression, such as laughing, vibrato, crying, rereading and so on.

5. Expression skills

The essay "Japan" praised their heroic dedication to the pursuit of light and heat through two examples: moths put out the fire, praised their father day after day, and expressed their determination to fight against it rather than drag out an ignoble existence in the cold and loneliness. The essay "The Moon" depicts the coldness and lifelessness of the real world through the delicate feelings of Leng Yue's invasion, and praises the people who sacrificed their lives to change the cold status quo.

The author expresses his will by holding things symbolically, holding moths and Kuafu in his hands, taking these two images as a symbol of pursuing light and preferring to devote himself, and taking Heng E as a symbol of pursuing light and heat and creating a better life in the future. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China is very hard, and the whole nation suffers disasters and falls into endless darkness. In this essay, Ba Jin expressed his personal feelings and national feelings. His personal attitude towards life is also in these beautiful sentences.

Expand the imagination

In the article, how do you understand their respective images: sun, moth, Kuafu, moon and Heng E? What do they imagine of you? What ideals do they place on the author? What kind of pursuit did the author express?

Why is "moth" worthy of praise?

Can you tell the myths and legends of "Kuafu chasing the sun" and "Heng E flying to the moon"?

……

Teacher: Now I'm going to ask some students who are good at reading to come forward. You can also recommend them. Then, together with the whole class, we will help him to recite Ba Jin's "Day" and "Month" with more emotion and sensibility.

On-the-spot recitation guidance of teachers to students

Teacher: How to choose the feeling of reciting the whole text? How to choose the speed of speech?

Student's answer (decided by the teacher): Emotion should be calm and reserved. The passion of the first article is not excessive, with a little tragic, while the latter one is sad and elegant. The speed of speech, the first medium, the second slow.

A student (hands up): Teacher, does the word "Japan" in the first "Japan" represent the Japanese invaders? Are moths and Kuafu heroes who are not afraid of death? Should we study hard here?

(Students are noisy)

Teacher: We don't want this to be too conceptual and political. Prose poetry is a beautiful and exquisite art, and a scholar's thoughts and sentiments are also delicate. Direct and explicit expression is not artistic expression. The "sun" here is better understood as a natural thing, which is arranged in correspondence with the "moon" behind it. All the images in this paper are artistic, which is the characteristic of artistic prose. ..... We continue to learn to recite sentences.

Student: In Sun, the author wrote, "If there were no light and heat, wouldn't the world be dark and cold?" What is this sentence? How to recite?

Another student replied (identified by the teacher): it is a rhetorical question; Uprising tone should be adopted.

Student: How to pause and emphasize the long sentence "Without light and heat, wouldn't this world be a dark and cold world"?

The teacher asked the students to answer: it should be like this-without light and heat, wouldn't the world become a dark and cold world?

Teacher: Good. Please recite this sentence again.

After that, the teacher asked the students to try to recite "Day", and then asked the reciter to talk about his feelings after reciting it, and then asked other students to evaluate it.

Teacher's comments and guidance: ... "Moth", a small and unobtrusive creature, is an ancient Kuafu. He chased the shadow of the sun and died of thirst on the road. From Moss to Kuafu, they would rather give up their lives for the sake of light. ..... When reading here, with the change of semantic content, the two images change, from low to high, and the voice of the reciter here will gradually rise.

The teacher whispered to a student to recommend a classmate who never dared to read aloud to perform.

(Applause by classmates)

Teacher: OK, let's continue to study the text in depth. What is the focus of the emotion expressed in the article Japan? How to deal with this point when reciting?

The student replied (recognized by the teacher): it should be here-"but a cold and lonely life is not as good as a vigorous death." This is what the author wants to express, and this is the ideal life that the author wants to pursue. Therefore, the author "is willing to be a moth on the earth" and "flies to the hot sun ball, which makes me lose consciousness when there is light in front of me and heat in my body, and turns into smoke and dust".

Teacher: Here, the emotional state of the reciter should be full of passion. Here, the strength and tolerance of the reciter's voice should reach its peak.

……

The teacher asked the students to brew emotions, recite "Day" formally, and cooperate with body language.

(Applause by classmates)

Teacher: Now let's learn to recite the moon. The emotional state here should be delicate, quiet, stable, lyrical, quiet and lonely. The moon written by Ba Jin is different. "Looking at the mirror on a cold night, I just feel cold. I also feel this way in the face of the cool moon. " Without the enthusiastic praise of Japan in the last article, I have a unique feeling about the cold. ..... Please imagine the real scene when the author writes: a person pacing in the moonlight, lonely and sad. "When I look at the bright moon, I always feel that cold light and cold air invade my body. Late at night in winter, standing in the yard, I saw the frosty moonlight and felt a thick layer of frost on my clothes. " At this time, my mood should be sad and heavy. Therefore, when reciting, the intonation should be calm and cold, and the image of moonlight on a winter night should be captured. You know, it stands for death.

The teacher told the students to get up and try to recite. )

Teacher: What do you think of her recitation? Do you have any questions if I let you recite it?

Student: In The Moon, the author said, "I know that a dead planet will not give off heat. The light of the moon is the light of death. " How should this sentence be expressed?

Teacher: This sentence is a harsh sentence to write about the cold part of the moon. It can be said that the cold attacks people and invades the bone marrow! At this point, the article is a lifeless atmosphere, almost without any life, which makes people feel depressed and endless anguish. It should be neatly and neatly gathered here, giving people unlimited imagination. ..... The full text is in this emotional atmosphere?

Student: No.

Teacher: Please answer the reason.

The student replied: No; Because the next turn is coming, it is said that Heng E is not afraid of the cold.

Teacher: Good. ..... The next sentence is completely different from the cool tone above. (Teacher demonstrates) "But/why is there a legend that Heng E ran to the moon?" There is an important logical turning point here, and the word "but" should be paused enough to emphasize it. Heng E, which later appeared here, is similar to Moth and Kuafu in the previous film. She changed Leng Yue and Leng Yue "insincerely", and her spirit is commendable. It can also be seen from here that although the young Ba Jin used some familiar images, his feelings were very delicate.

The teacher asked the students to recite the Moon to match the body language.

(Applause by classmates)

Teacher: Let's look at two more as a whole. Key words are the focus of recitation. The sun, moth, Kuafu, moon and Heng E in the article all place their hopes on the author and express his thoughts and feelings of pursuing light and rejecting cold, which should be highlighted. You can practice.

(Student activities. Study and practice deeply. )

Teacher: Why is "moth" worthy of praise? How to read the sentence about moths with praise and admiration?

(Students think. Practice)

Teacher: You can use some special means of expression, such as vibrato and crying. You can also do it in your own way. ..... Wait a minute, let's recite two together. Let's have a look. Is there a problem?

Student: Is it better to read these two articles separately or at the same time? Which is suitable for boys and which is suitable for girls?

The teacher led the answer: of these two articles, one is written on the day, and the other is written on the month. According to the writing time, it is only one day away. Looking at the two articles together, the feelings expressed are consistent, not antagonistic. So the two recitations are suitable to be put together, and there is a slight pause in the middle. The latter is suitable for girls. However, everyone can see these two items.

The students recite deeply.

(Everyone applauds. )

Teacher: Students, now let's try to recite in different roles, so that the recitation of individual students can be coordinated with the overall reading. Can you design a plan?

Activity: students arrange, everyone cooperates. Recite "day" and "month" affectionately. Reach the climax of this class.

……

Extended learning. The teacher projected the following recitation materials and asked the students to recite them on the spot. The teacher commented appropriately from the side.

Reading materials 1: "Star", Ba Jin "Dragon? Tiger? Another article on dogs.

star

In a collection of Belgian short stories, I came across this sentence:

"Stars, beautiful stars, you are rolling in boundless space, so am I, I know you ... Yes, I know you ... I am a person ... a person with feelings ... a painful person ... stars, beautiful stars ..." I understand the sad mood of a Belgian station employee. Many people have talked to the stars in the blue sky in this way. They are all unfortunate people in the world. The stars always give them great comfort.

On a small stage in Shanghai, I saw Turgenev written by German musician Meng. He either sits in front of the piano, pinning his noblest feelings on music and presenting them to a person; Or standing under the blue sky, shaking his white-haired head and admiringly saying, "You beautiful star, you pure star." Looking at the countless stars shining like pupils in the blue sky, his eyes were moist.

I know the old musician's tears. This should be the spring rain that irrigates the soul.

Outside my room, there is a blue sky that is not covered by roof tiles. I looked up and saw some stars embedded in the sky. I often stare at those beautiful stars with ecstasy. They are like a person's eyes, looking at me affectionately and never getting tired. Every moment these eyes move, it's like giving me a blessing.

The stars will not fall in my sky. My eyes are moist at the thought of this.

Reading material 2: News, elegiac couplet and Ba Jin's quotations.

Mr. Ba Jin, a literary master and great people's writer, died in Shanghai at 6: 00 on June 65438+10/October 65438+July 65438. Mr. Ba Jin's memorial service was held in Shanghai Longhua Funeral Home on 24th. (Teacher's comment: the language should be solemn, the feelings should be heavy, and the expression should be solemn)

A couplet:

It's true that the torrent breaks the cold night.

The ward becomes a garden for rest, and you can keep your conscience (teacher's comment: praise, eulogize, and sum up your life in just a few words. )

Ba Jin's quotations:

About celebrities. "What I am most unhappy about is being regarded as a' celebrity'. It looks great, but it is empty. It seems that many people respect you, but in fact no one knows you. ……"

About writing. "When I was writing a novel, I never thought about writing methods, expression techniques and skills. When I think about it, I only think of one question: how to make people live better, how to become a better person, how to help readers, and how to contribute to society and people. "

About "random thoughts" "This is a spiritual debt, and I must pay it off as soon as possible. It whipped my heart like a whip, as if I had met something fifty years ago again. Write it, write it. It seems that a voice often cries in my ear. "

About Bing Xin. "Bing Xin elder sister's existence is a great power. She is a bright lamp, illuminating the road ahead of me. She is more optimistic than me. The light is on, and I stride forward confidently; I won't feel lonely when the light is on. "

About life. "Let me make a firewood. I am willing to release the heat I get from the sun. I am willing to burn myself into pieces and add a little warmth to the world. "

About telling the truth. "The so-called telling the truth is nothing more than giving your heart to the reader, saying what you think, saying what you believe, and saying what you thought."

About the mountain experience. Three years later, Ba Jin took Xiao Shan's ashes back and put them in his room. He said sadly, "There are my tears and blood in her ashes. This is her last time, but it is by no means her end. Her ending will be connected with mine. "

Teacher: Students, in today's class, we met a frank person, a sincere person, a person as warm as fire and as quiet as the moon. When he was young, he was sensitive and could express his feelings artistically. These two works not only make us feel realistic, but also have eternal artistic value. "Day" and "Moon" are reflections on life and life, and also inspire us to think about how to live and how to die. Students, your performance today was very successful. A person is a big book. You may want to know more about Ba Jin, so learn more about him! Ok, bye!

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