Cypress in Yi Yin Temple

Yi Yin is the founder of Shang Dynasty and a famous politician, who is good at cooking, Chinese medicine, medicinal properties and silk weaving. He is also the pioneer of China cuisine. Restaurants, restaurants, restaurants, restaurants, spices, etc. Everyone respects Yi Yin as a saint. Because Yi Yin has profound research and discussion on food seasoning. According to Lu Chunqiu, Cheng Tang hired Yi Yin to hold a blessing ceremony at the ancestral temple and gave Yi Yin a grand reception at the court. Yi Yin tells Cheng Tang about the subtleties of the world. He said: "Meat: the fishy smell in water, the fishy smell of carnivores, the fishy smell of herbivores. To make these meats delicious, water is the first important, followed by five seasonings: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, salty, smelly, evil, weeds and licorice. Who will add them up first? The heat is very important, and the speed and urgency are well grasped, which can well remove the fishy smell, shy smell and odor. Delicious food is produced by subtle changes in the tripod, which can only be expressed in words, just like archery, horseback riding, yin and yang changes, and the law of four seasons. It takes time, more practice and careful observation and experience. Master the mystery, the meat will be cooked but not rotten, fragrant but not thin, fat but not greasy, and the five flavors are just right. "

Cheng Tang was very happy to hear Yi Yin's statement and said, "Can you do it?" Yi Yin replied, "Your country is too small to buy something delicious. Only by becoming the son of heaven can there be conditions. Let me tell you something about the delicious specialties in the world: the most delicious meats are: orangutan's lips, bear badger's palm, sparrow's tail meat, shaking ribs, elephant's waist, the west side of quicksand, and the egg of the phoenix in Dan Shan Zhinan. Delicious fish are: Dongting mullet, East China Sea mackerel, soft-shelled turtle, hexapod, and hundreds of strings of transparent beads. Irrigation rays, like carp, have flying wings and often fly from the West Sea at night and swim in the East China Sea. The delicious dishes are: Ganoderma lucidum in Kunlun Mountain and Shoumuhua. Refers to the leaves of mahogany and black wood in the east of aunt. Lanjiashu cuisine on Antarctic cliffs. Non-flowering vegetables in Huayang Mountain, celery in Yunmengze, cyanine with regional luster, and soil English immersed in deep water. Delicious condiments to reconcile the taste are: ginger in the sun, swaying osmanthus, fungus in the lake, sauce in the fish, salt in summer, dew in the slaughter, and pebbles that look like jade. The miscellaneous grains that are good for eating are: wheat from Xuanshan, millet from Zhoushan, millet from Yangshan and black rice from Nanhai. The best water is: dew from Sanwei Mountain, well water from Kunlun Mountain, shaking water from Master Mountain and water from Moon Mountain. Gao Quan Mountain Spring is the water source of Jizhou. Delicious fruits are: fruit in Shatang. There are hundreds of kinds of fruits in the upper reaches of the North Head Yuan in Changshan Mountain, which are loved by kings. Qingdao, east of Jishan Mountain, has sweet chestnuts, Jiangpu oranges, Yunmeng grapefruit and Hanshui tremella. To get these delicious specialties, you must use fast horses such as "Qinglong" and "Legacy". If you don't become an emperor, you won't get everything. But the son of heaven cannot be strong. He must understand the way of governing the country through the ages, strengthen his moral cultivation and become the master of the world. Then all delicious food will be easy to get. Therefore, only by knowing the near can we know the far, and only by achieving others can we achieve ourselves. This is the way of kings. "

Cheng Tang listened to Yi Yin's exposition on the world's delicacies and specialties, connected with the way of governing the country, and thought that Yi Yin was a rare wizard, so he made an exception and appointed him to preside over state affairs. "Soup is selectmen, rate of governors, since the soup is easy to Yin, since the soup chop Kunwu. Then cut the profits. Jie was defeated, in the market of sorrow and joy, defeated. Because Tang won this summer, he wanted to transfer to his club, so he couldn't. He wrote the Summer Club. Iraq repaid the yin, so the princes finished serving, and Tang Naijian was the son of heaven, pacifying the sea ("Historical Records Yin Benji"). "Li Tang is the son of heaven, summer people are very happy. If you are kind, you will not be able to move to a position. If you don't go to the domain, the business will remain the same. Close to our own country, we will do our best in the alliance of Yi Yin to avoid the drought. Your ancestor, Yi Yin, enjoyed business ethics all his life "(Lu Chunqiu Shenda).

Yi Yin helped Tang Cheng overthrow the tyranny of Xia Jie and established the Shang Dynasty. After Tang Cheng, Yi Yin assisted several generations of Shang kings, including Taiding, Waibing, Renzhong and Taijia, and gave strict education to Taijia, the grandson of Tang Cheng who didn't follow the Tang method. After Tai Jia repented, he was welcomed back as king. During Yi Yin's administration, he presided over the planning and construction of Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall and other capitals, standardized and unified Oracle Bone Inscriptions, developed traditional Chinese medicine, and "wrote Shennong's herbal medicine as soup" (integration of ancient and modern books). "Min gives birth to people's sufferings, and is used as a decoction and herbal medicine. In the words of modern medicine, the medicinal properties are all attributed to one yin" (Mirror). Initiating the silk industry, "Yi Yin women workers embroidered with thin belts" (pipes). Most of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Oracle bone inscriptions were sacrificed to Tang and Yi Yin, and all the Shang kings took Yi Yin as a hero and sacrificed with the former king. Yi Yin, as a respected saint, is also the first portrait of China clearly recorded in the history of China, and he deserves people's respect. Yi Yin was born in Yishui Shendi, known as Yi Yin, a native of Shenshi. A lot of information can be seen from Oracle Bone Inscriptions: Yi Yin was a deity, became an official, put on an official hat and became a prime minister. The prime minister's word "slaughter" is to add an official hat to Xin. Yi Yin, the founding father of Shang Dynasty, made great contributions to "Heaven". After his death, Woding was buried as a gift from the emperor, and the word "emperor" means Angel with sleeves and robes. Yi Yin is the national government, and his words are laws. The word "Zhang" is written, which means what Yin said. Yi Yin was brought up by a man who was a cook. Cutting meat and vegetables with a kitchen knife every day, Xin Jiamin as a relative and holding a knife (Jin) is the new national policy, that is, hiring a new national government. He is a newcomer and has been a cook. The birthplace of Yi Yin was called Xincheng in ancient times, and now it is called Yichuan.

An ancient giant natural stone dragon more than 90 meters long was found in Longtougou, Sheng Di, Yi Yin. In front of the stone dragon, there are hammered stone tools placed by the ancients thousands of years ago.

On the hollow brick of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Daxin area to the east of Shilong, there is a picture of Harmony between Man and Dragon (see photo 1), in which the black dragon leaps in the air, and a villain at the end spreads his net at the dragon, reminding people of the poem "When will the black dragon be tied today?" Long tassels used to be understood as a long rope, but can dragons be tied with ropes? There were nets in the hands of dragon catchers in the Han Dynasty, and the relationship between dragons and people in the picture was also very interesting. The dragon is jumping, which means a happy dance. Obviously, a small net in one's hand can't catch the dragon in front. It's just an artistic dragon play or dragon dance.

The word "dragon" is written from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to the bronze inscription and then to the traditional "dragon". Typical Oracle characters, Oracle Dictionary defines: dragon, "dragon-like, with many different characters, the author is the most typical, like a giant mouth and long body, from Xin, from." Its kiss, its body. "

See the dragon characters on the bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as: respect, many ding, ding ode, and Wang Sun's note on the bell. Evolved into a seal style; The traditional stereotype is "dragon", the prefix of Xin becomes vertical, the giant mouth has teeth and the dragon body becomes right. Although the shape of the word "dragon" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions's and He's seal scripts is irregular, its evolution has obvious laws. The main body is a dragon head with huge mouth and teeth, with the prefix "Xin" on the head and an arc body on the right.

What is particularly interesting is that the artistic expression of "Man Long He Tu" unearthed in Yichuan is similar to that of "Wang Sun's suicide note clock" in the inscriptions on bronze inscriptions. Behind both, there is a villain, Longteng, which vividly expresses the close relationship between man and dragon.

If we simply describe the artistic image of the natural stone dragon, the geographical position of the stone dragon is marked with "Xin", and its style is very similar to the word (), which is probably the original writing or meaning of the word "dragon".

At present, there are countless place names called "Xin" in China's territory, but the place where Shilong is located is not only called "Daxin" now, but also clearly recorded in the pre-Qin literature and continues to this day. Natural Shilong is a standard giant mouth with teeth, with a curved body, located in Xin land. The nearby ruins of the new city and the old city were called Xin city in the pre-Qin period, which is an ancient site with rich traditional cultural connotations.

The original writing of the word dragon is the description of the natural stone dragon by the ancestors, and there is a new prefix on it, which should indicate the geographical position of the stone dragon. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "letter" is also written as "letter", which has the same ancient meaning as "letter". The place where Shilong lived was named "New Town" in the chronicle book "Geography of Hanshu", which was recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Warring States Policy, Lu Chunqiu, Historical Records, Water Mirrors, Tang Shu and other historical books. In ancient times, the new town was called "Wandering God" and "Shen Da", and "new" should be the expression of place names. According to Records of the Historian Yin Benji, Yi Yin, the founding prime minister of Shang Dynasty, was Xin Jiachen.

Yi Yin's hometown is called "Xincheng", which was called "Xincheng County" before Qin unified the six countries. In the main hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, Sichuan, there is a plaque of "Yizhou Economy" praising Zhuge Liang's ability to help people like Yi Yin and Duke Zhou. This also reflects the historical prestige of Yi Yin. The "new city county" in history is now the ancient city village of Yichuan County. Near the west of Dashendian Village in Li Sanping and other townships, there is a memorial tablet of Yi Yin, which reads: "On the right side of Shang Dynasty, there is the statue of Yi Yin"; There is a "Yi Yin Tomb" behind the temple, and Shilong is not far to the west of Yi Yin Temple.

There are some information about Yi Yin's birth in historical materials. Liezi Tian Rui records: "Hou Ji was born with great achievements, while Yi Yin was born with empty mulberry". Mozi Shang Xian: "In the past, Yi Yin was a teacher and servant of the Shen family. She was kind and got it from the soup." . "Zhuangzi Geng Sang Chu": "A yin cage with soup". Lu's "Chunqiu Benwei" notes: "There was a woman in the Eastern Han Dynasty who picked mulberry and gave birth to a child in the empty mulberry. Her monarch made Fu people raise it. See why. It is said that' his mother lives in the water field of Iraq, and she is pregnant. The dream god told her that the mortar came out of the water and went east, but she didn't care. Tomorrow, relying on mortars coming out of the water, she told her neighbors that she would walk ten miles east, but she cared about her city as water and her body became an empty mulberry.' Therefore, life is called yin, which is the reason why yin is empty. "

"Seeking the Roots of China's Surname" contains: "There was a Shen in the late summer, and he got his surname because he was born next to Yishui." Tracing the origin of surname: "Yi Yin's surname is Yi, so he takes Sang Yichuan as his surname and Yi as his surname."

From the above historical data, we know that Yi Yin was born in Yichuan and has a Shen Shi family. So where does Shenyang look in the Yishui River Basin? There is a detailed textual research in the Notes on Yishui written by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "Yishui is in the northeast, and the water flows out of the western hills of Luhun. Its water comes from two sources: the northern water flows eastward and joins Hou Jianshui. Water flows from the northwest back stream into the southeast trickling water. Juanshui moves to the east of Luhun County, so it moves to the north and to the east, so it is suitable for Yichuan. In the 22nd year of Lu Xigong, Qin Jin moved the army of Lu Hun to Yichuan, hence the name Yichuan. A trickle flows southeast, water flows left and south, and water flows out of the western hills and seven valleys. There will be northern water on the left, turbulent, and Zen bamboo water on the left. On the water, it will undertake the Dongchan waters in Luhun County. The waters are on the original, and the evil side is ten miles. This is a good fish reed. The world calls this Ze Shenwang vicious, vicious water flows south, pours into the trickle, pours into the southeast Iraqi water. Once upon a time, there was a woman named Xin who picked mulberry in Yichuan and gave birth to a baby in an empty mulberry, saying that her mother was pregnant on the bank of Yishui. Its mother turned into an empty mulberry with its son in it. The daughter took it and offered it. She grew up in Dong and is virtuous. Yin thought that Yin was also called Yi Yin, and Yi Shui crossed the northeast and south of the new city. "

Yi Yin was born in the place where young women picked mulberry, in the north of Luhun County, in the east of Luhun County and in the south of Xincheng County. "Luhun Ancient City" is located in Shanggu Village, Tianhu Town, Song County. "Xincheng County" is located in Gucheng Village, Pingxiang, Yichuan County. Daxindian is located in the north of Shangcheng Town, Tianhu Town, Songxian County, and in the south of Gucheng Village, Pingxiang Town, Yichuan County, which is now Pingjie Street in Yichuan County. It was called Daxin in ancient times, and there were many people. There are Weizi Lake and marshland nearby, that is, "the skin of the God King". This is the largest flat and fertile land next to Yishui, a tributary of Yishui, where the Milky Way flows into Yishui, Shili Plain and Yu Wei are spared, which is well-deserved.

According to archaeological data, Shen Da area in Yichuan had a high degree of civilization development as early as 8,000 years ago during the Peiligang culture period. There are red pottery ding, bone grinding needle, stone tools, serrated stone sickle, bone-breaking fragments and so on. (China Heritage Newspaper1March 1996 17 edition). There are famous sites such as the South Site of the Neolithic Ancient City, Mahuiying Site and Dian Mu Site of Paleolithic Culture, such as "Luoyang Cultural Site" and "New Age Settlement Evolution in Luozheng Area".

The name of Daxindian was changed to equality because Feng Yuxiang set up a free and equal county in 1927. Pingxian government is located in Shaofuzi Temple in Xindian Village. There is a "Yiyin Temple" in the west of the village, with ancient pottery tablets at its base. "Yi Yin Temple" has a couplet saying: "Yi Yin plowed wild cranes several times, and hired sages to ride Longmen five times." The tablet in the shrine reads: "He is still a righteous man in founding the country, and he is applying for the position of Yi Yin, a saint at that time.". There are wooden signs on both sides of the statue of Yi Yin, which read: "Yishui kept the baby, Yichuan Yi Yin became soup, five hired to raise Huaxia Xiang, Xinye's loving mother Shen Di gave birth to a baby, and raised He Luo Xian". Unfortunately, a few years ago, the memorial tablet and wooden sign of Yi Yin Temple were stolen and lost.

The inscription in Yi Yin, the hometown of Daxindian says: "In the northeast of Nanjuanshui, Xincheng County, young women picked mulberry to get babies, and the land was the largest in the past. Yi Shui and Yin meet here, and its homonym is the basis of Yi Yin's naming. The history books contain that Yi Yin is named after water, which is reliable. Yi Yin's mother gave birth to a baby while running for her life. In desperation, she left her child on a hollow mulberry tree, exhausted and gone with the flood. It is not a myth that a woman plucks a baby from a mulberry tree. " A convincing explanation is given to the mystery of Yi Yin's birth.

Mr Meng Shikai, a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences and secretary general of the Pre-Qin Historical Society of China, wrote The Story of Xia and Shang Dynasties. When talking about Yi Yin's birthplace, he wrote: "Yi Yin was born by the river (according to legend, in Yichuan, Henan Province today)".

Professor Zhang Guoshuo, Deputy Secretary-General of China Yin Shang Culture Society, wrote in the book "Research on Capital System in Xia and Shang Dynasties": "Yin is the most important sacrifice of Shang kings, and there are many Oracle Bone Inscriptions sacrifices in Oracle bones, which are almost higher than the former kings." Although historical documents, archaeological materials and geographical conditions all affirm that Yichuan Daxin is the birthplace of Yi Yin, there are still several places that are also called the birthplace of Yi Yin because Yi Yin is a historical celebrity, as follows:

1, said Yi Yin, who was born in Liu Chen. "Mencius Justice" Note: "You Xin, country name. When Yi Yin lived in seclusion in his early years, he cultivated a strange country. Justice quoted the Book of Parentheses as saying:' The ancient kingdom of Shen is in the east of Chenliu County in Bianzhou, so it is also the city of Shen'. In the Spring and Autumn Annals, Lu Chang said,' A certain ancestor picked babies in empty mulberry and then lived in Yishui, so it was called Yi Yin'. Yuanhe County Chronicle:' Old Shencheng, Chenliu County, Bianzhou, is 35 miles northeast of the county seat.' This is the country where Tang Fei was born, and Yi Yin became a savage.

The biggest mistake of this statement is that the argument is misplaced. When quoting Lu Chunqiu's Ben Wei Pian, the original work "(Yi Yin) lived in Haruki on the water" was changed to "lived in Iraq after the water". The difference between "home" and "going home" is a thousand miles away. Besides, Bianzhou Chenliu is not in Yishui at all, and it can't be the birthplace of Yi Yin.

2. Yi Yin was born in Qixian. "Taiping Universe" in the Song Dynasty records: "Kongsang is in (later changed to Qixian)". In the fifty-third year of Qing Qianlong (1788), the Records of Qixian County contained "Kongsang is also called Yiyin Village", and its Beiyuan Record contained "Crossing the land where Kongsang Yiyin was born twenty miles west of Qixi". In the Qing Dynasty, when the temple monument was rebuilt in Yi Yin, it was said that "if the wild land meets, Yi Yin will come to his hometown." Kongsang Village, Gegang Township, Qixian County has "Yiyin Temple", which is a cultural relic protection unit in Qixian County.

The arguments of Qi Xian's theory and Liu Chen's theory come down in one continuous line, and the two places are similar, ignoring that the name of Yinyin is named after Yishui. According to historical documents, Yi Yin "lived in Yishui" and "was pregnant by Yishui". Liu Chen and Qixian are far away from Yishui, and it is obvious that Yi Yin was born here.

3. Luanchuan said. There is a monument in Bangzitou, Luanchuan County called "Land of Farming the Ancient", so there is a saying that "a Yin was born here and farmed here". However, the tablet "Gengshen Ancient Land" was erected by Liu Yingyuan, the magistrate of Lushi County in the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), and there is no record that Yi Yin was born in Luanchuan. According to "Notes on Water Classics Yishui", "Yishui is from the northeast of Xiong 'er to the north of Luanchuan Pavilion. The world calls Yishui Luanshui and rape water Jiaoshui, hence the name Luanchuan Leaf". The word "Geng Xin" comes from Mencius: "Yi Yin cultivated new fields, but he knew how to enjoy Yao and Shun". However, Luanchuan is more than 300 miles away from Yichuan, which shows that later generations admire Yi Yin for farming here.

4. Song county magistrate said. There is a "Yuan Temple" in Baituyao Village, Zhifang Township, Songxian County, also known as "Yiyin Temple". In the second year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (1427), Hu Ying, the official of the Ministry of Rites, wrote a poem in memory of Yi Yin and erected a "Yi Yin Monument". According to the Records of Song County in Guangxu Period of Qing Dynasty (1875- 1908), "Chen, the magistrate of Ming Dynasty, was also a Yin ancient sage. From Shang Dynasty to the present, mediocre people and obedient children adore him, and Song County, a land of music and Taoism, has Sangxi in the south. As the birthplace of Yi Yin, it has been spread all over the world and has been worshipped throughout the ages. Hu Ying, an Amin official, rebuilt the temple, and He Xin, a magistrate of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt it. During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, the magistrate Chen Xuan was rebuilt. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the Yi people bowed down and rebuilt. "

"Yiyin Temple" in Zhifang Township of Song County and "Yin Jiazhong" in Fanpo Township were not recorded in historical documents before the Ming Dynasty. The original monument in this area is the Kunlun Temple. According to the Water Mirror Notes on Yishui, "Yishui flows northeast, with Kunlun Temple on the ridge, and the people are still praying. Liu Chengzhi's "Ode to Chu" said that someone fell to the west of Luhun County. This mountain is in the south of the county seat, 20 miles north of the cliff, but not in the west. The north is connected with hot spring water, and the water flows out from the southwest of Langshan Mountain in Xincheng County, and the southwest will flow into Lishui. "

The "North Hot Spring Water Society" clearly defines the location of the "Kunlun Temple", because the hot spring, Quli Hot Spring in the northeast of Luhun Reservoir in Songxian County, is in the southwest of Jiu Hao. If there are relics about Yi Yin near the Kunlun Temple in the southwest of the hot spring, the water mirror note will never be missed. Therefore, the "Yi Yin Temple" and "Yingu Tomb" in Song County are monuments erected by later generations, which cannot be used as the basis for Yi Yin's birthplace.

Song County belonged to yiyang county in the Song Dynasty, and in 1 139 it was changed to Zhou Shun, and in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties (114/) it was changed to Songzhou. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), the abandoned state was named Song County. Daxindian in Yichuan is an ancient country, and a new city was established in Qin and Han Dynasties (this place has been the hometown of Xin family since ancient times). In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the new town was changed to Yichuan County, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Yi Que. It was merged into Yiyang in Song Dynasty, and it belonged to Song County with the change of Yiyang. So there is a saying that "Yi Yin was born in Song County". Literally, it is true. Out of admiration for Yi Yin, it is reasonable for Ming officials to set up Yi Yin Memorial Hall near Songxian County.

1927, Yichuan Dashen Store was established by the National Government and separated from Songxian County. 1932, the two counties of equality and freedom merged to re-establish Yichuan county, and the jurisdiction was basically within the scope of Yichuan ancient city. In recent years, in the place where Yi Yin was born, especially Erlitou, rich cultural remains from the Neolithic Age to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties have been discovered. There are "Baiyintai" (known as "Baiyintai" by the masses) and other relics of the same age as Yiyin, such as the tomb of Chemakeng in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In particular, the Great God Store is the place where the Yihe River meets the Galaxy (because its water color is silvery white), and it is located near the old city of the new city. The Yi River to the south of the new town is northeast and southwest, and A Xin (new) is the name to the west of the water where Yi Yin's mother lived in history. Yi Yin has a name close to water. Shang, also known as Yin, may be related to Yi Yin's birthplace. Therefore, it is more credible that Daxindian (Pingxiang) in Yichuan County is the birthplace of Yiyin, the first famous dish.