Appreciating ancient poems and reading books through the image of water and thinking in combination with his shape, color and interest, this water is related to the concept in the poem title

1. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (28 College Entrance Examination Jiangsu Volume)

on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes

Li Bai

phoenixes that played here once, so that the place was named for them, have abandoned it now to this desolate river.

the paths of Wu Palace are crooked with weeds, the garments of Jin are ancient dust.

Three mountains and a half fall outside the sky, and Bailuzhou is divided into one water.

a cloud has arisen between the Light of Heaven and me, to hide his city from my melancholy heart.

note ① monohydrate: also called "dihydrate".

(1) Summarize the contents of this poem's couplets and necklaces respectively, and talk about what kind of feelings the poet has.

Analysis: This is a poem about "nostalgia for the past", which describes what the author saw and felt when he boarded the Phoenix Stage in Jinling (Nanjing). The couplet "the paths of Wu Palace are crooked with weeds, the garments of Jin are ancient dust" is a feeling for history-to understand this sentence, we must grasp the key words such as "burying a secluded path and becoming an ancient hill" which contain Li Bai's unique historical feelings; "Three mountains and a half fall outside the sky, and Egret Island is divided in one water" is a description of the reality. Contrast between ancient and modern times, expressing the author's sense of ups and downs in ancient and modern times.

Reference answer (1) Zhuan Lian writes about the historical sites of the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and neck couplet writes about the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling; It embodies the vicissitudes of personnel, the eternity of nature and the feelings of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties.

2. Read the following song poem and then answer this question. (28 National College Entrance Examination Volume I)

Four Intercropping Rivers (Part III)

Pan Dalin (1)

Xishan Tonghu Point (2), Chibi Hidden Dragon Palace.

the shape is better than the three-part country, and the waves make great contributions.

Shaming fist stays in the heron ③, and the sky is wide and the sky is flying away.

I admire the fisherman the most, and return to the boat and rain.

note ① pan dalin (about 157-116): an old man, born in huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei province), was good at poetry and once traveled with su Shi in red cliff. ② Xishan: In the west of Ezhou, Hubei, the mountain is secluded and deep. 3 boxing heron: refers to the appearance of an egret curled up with one leg when sleeping. (2) From the whole poem, what kind of life does the author yearn for? Please make a brief analysis.

To analyze and answer this poem, we should understand the content of the poem with annotations. The first two couplets started from nostalgia-the author came to the places where ancient heroes such as Xishan and Chibi galloped for supremacy and military strategists fought for it, and could not help but imagine: heroes in history were all-powerful, and established great achievements, but water like this rolling eastward never came back. Third, look back at the real scene in front of us: overlooking the beach, I feel bright, because many egrets live there; Looking up at the vast sky, it seems that the geese flying high in the clouds seem to be moving backwards. Finally, the couplet sent out a sigh with emotion: What I admire most now is the anglers on the river, driving a canoe home in the misty rain after fishing, and listening to the sound of rain hitting the awning leisurely.

look forward to a secluded life. (1) the first two couplets of the poem, the author from the immediate scene, into nostalgia, thinking about the personnel when Battle of Red Cliffs, now in? Thus, the exclamation of "waves and streams make great contributions" was issued. (2) In the last two couplets of the poem, the author admires the leisure of Su Lu and Fei Hong, and then seems to see the fisherman's boat, which is related to the sigh of "the waves make all the world work", so he puts forward "the most admired fisherman" and wants to drive a small boat home in the misty rain!

3. Read the following two poems and then answer this question. (Jiangxi Volume of College Entrance Examination in 27)

Looking at the night in Jinling

Gao Chan

once accompanied the floating clouds to the evening, and

still accompanied the sunset with the autumn sound.

There are infinite painters in the world.

You can't draw a picture with a piece of sadness.

Jin Ling Tu

Wei Zhuang

Who said that a sad painting can't be done?

draw people's hearts and chase people's feelings.

You look at six pictures of the Southern Dynasties.

The ancient city is full of cold clouds.

Note that Gao Chan and Wei Zhuang were both poets in the late Tang Dynasty.

(1) Both of these poems are written about "sadness". Why is the poet sad?

(2) One of the two poets said, "You can't paint with sadness" and the other said, "Who says you can't paint with sadness?". Please make a brief analysis of this with poetry.

An analysis of Gao Chan's "Looking at the Night in Jinling" is about a feeling of vicissitudes expressed by a poet who climbed the city head of Jinling (now Nanjing) on an autumn evening and saw a picture of "floating clouds setting the sun". Wei Zhuang's "Jinling Map" is a painting. After reading six pictures describing the history of the Southern Dynasties, the poet felt deeply in his heart and wrote the poem. Both poets expressed their deep worries about the reality of the late Tang Dynasty through the past events of the Six Dynasties. Appreciating these two poems, we can't ignore the annotation content, so as to know people and discuss the world.

Reference answer (1) The poet was sad for the decline of the Tang Dynasty. (2) These two poems express the same thoughts and feelings from different angles. By looking at Jinling in the evening, the author of Gao Shi gave birth to a feeling of sadness from images such as "sunset" and "autumn sound". The poet thinks that this kind of deep sadness is invisible to painters in the world. The author of Wei's poems thinks that the painter's use of images such as "old wood" and "cold cloud" is enough to show his sadness about the decline of state affairs. Therefore, sadness can be painted.

Difficulty Raiders

The following contents, the first point focuses on the usual review preparation, and the second and third points focus on the problem-solving methods in the examination room.

1. Sorting out and grasping the content characteristics of similar poems

Reviewing poems by classification is an effective way to prepare for the topic of "Evaluating the ideological content of ancient poems and the author's viewpoints and attitudes", because although there are a large number of ancient poems, the ideological content of poems is varied and the author's viewpoints and attitudes are colorful, the same type of poems still have some "* * *", as long as they are reviewed at ordinary times.

The "procedure" of classifying and appreciating ancient poems is roughly as follows:

1. That is, poems are roughly classified according to their content characteristics: (1) "farewell" category; (2) "Nostalgia" category; (3) "homesickness" category; (4) "Landscape and Pastoral" category; 5] "frontier fortress" class; [6] "Philosophy" category; Once "satire" class; Being other.

2. Material selection. That is to say, ten poems are selected for each of the above eight types of poems, five poems in class and five poems after class, and some types of poems in class are replaced by similar poems after class, and at least five poems after class are guaranteed to be selected.

3. explore. Review can be divided into eight periods, and the analysis and induction of a kind of poetry content can be completed in one period; Or divided into eight groups, each group is responsible for the analysis and induction of a kind of poetry. Advocate cooperative inquiry and try to complete it by collective discussion.

4. show. After completing the inquiry work, show the inquiry results of various poems or groups. Individuals can take the initiative to speak, or the group can send representatives to introduce to the whole class.

This learning method of classified appreciation and cooperative inquiry can greatly arouse students' enthusiasm, and the review effect is obvious.

For example, the review of "Nostalgia for the Past" poems:

① Selected poems: Nostalgia for the Past in Nian Nujiao Chibi (Song, Su Shi), Nostalgia for Beigu Pavilion in Jingkou (Song, Xin Qiji), Nostalgia for Jinling (Song, Wang Anshi) and Stone City. (five poems in and out of class)

② Analyze and explore the contents of these poems with the help of textbooks, related materials, reference books or network resources.

③ There are three kinds of "* * *" characteristics of this kind of poems: a. Expressing the author's worries about the current situation through nostalgia; B) To express the author's feelings that he has no way to serve the country and his ambition is not paid through nostalgia; C. Warn rulers (or "the world") to learn from history by remembering the past.

Through such analysis, discussion, induction and sorting, we have a more comprehensive grasp of the content of "nostalgia" poems. In future exams, once the poems we appreciate belong to "nostalgia", it is not difficult to grasp their ideological content and emotional attitude.

second, from "point" and "face", explore the meaning of poetry

As a relatively standardized topic for the appreciation of ancient poetry in the college entrance examination, it generally follows the basic law of literary appreciation "words are inseparable from sentences, sentences are inseparable from articles". Therefore, from "point" and "surface" should be a feasible way for us to appreciate ancient poems. The "face" here refers to the ideological content of poetry and the author's viewpoint and attitude; The "point" here mainly includes the following "key points":

keywords. Refers to the most vivid words in the poem, which can best reflect the author's thoughts, opinions and emotional attitudes, usually verbs or adjectives. For example, the word "Noisy" in Song Qi's famous sentence "The branches of red apricots are noisy in spring" uses anthropomorphic techniques to show the spring apricots in full bloom, and the vibrant scene is vividly and interestingly displayed before our eyes. Obviously, the author's love for spring and nature is naturally revealed through this word "Noisy". Another example is the word "worry" in on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes (Li Bai), a cloud has arisen between the Light of Heaven and me, to hide his city from my melancholy heart in the 28 college entrance examination in Jiangsu Province, which laid the emotional tone for the whole poem and made clear the direction for our answer.

key sentences. Refers to the sentence that best summarizes the ideological content or feelings of poetry, usually lyrical or argumentative. For example, in Wang Changling's at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian, "a piece of ice is in the jade pot" shows the author's lofty ambition; In Zhu Xi's Thoughts on Reading Books, it is stated that people should learn nutrition from books to enrich and perfect themselves. Such poems have the function of making the finishing point in poetry, and they can all be said to be key sentences in poetry. By grasping these sentences, we can quickly and accurately understand the ideological content of the poem and the author's emotional attitude. For example, a question in the National College Entrance Examination Volume I in 28: "What kind of life does the author yearn for from the whole poem?" As long as we grasp the sentence "I admire fishermen most", it is not difficult to write an answer similar to "longing for a secluded life".

poem title. The titles of many poems play an important role in prompting the types and contents of poems, such as the word "farewell" in a farewell to meng haoran on his way to yangzhou, which indicates that the poem belongs to "farewell" poetry; The "visiting the ancient times" in "Visiting the Ancient Times in Vietnam" shows that it is a poem of "nostalgia for the ancient times"; "The frontier fortress" and "Joining the army" show that such poems should be "frontier fortress" poems. Having made this clear, our answers will be targeted. For example, when answering the question "What was written in the upper and lower parts of this word" in the Chongqing volume of the college entrance examination in 28, we can write an answer such as "The first part writes the farewell scene in front of us, and the second part writes the place where friends will go" in combination with the content characteristics of farewell poems. On the contrary, if you ignore the topic, sometimes it is very likely that you will blindly answer the question because you lose your focus on thinking, such as appreciating Zhu Xi's "Reading Thoughts" (half an acre of square pond is opened, and the sky is clouded. If you don't understand the topic, it is difficult to grasp the theme of this poem as "talking about reading".

image. Image is an emotional object, the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of his emotional thoughts. In China's ancient poems, many images often contain specific meanings. Such as: loose, often containing firmness; Indus often shows bitterness; The waning moon often implies dispersion; Willow, indicating the feeling of parting, also contains the meaning of retention; Rhododendron often indicates desolation and sadness. Usually preparing for the exam to strengthen the accumulation of this knowledge, and interpreting the content of poetry and the author's emotions with the image of poetry as the starting point in the exam can often receive satisfactory results. For example, in 28, the topic of appreciation of Shandong ancient poems in the college entrance examination was to appreciate Qin Guan's "Painting in the Tang Dynasty": "Falling red paved the horizontal pool, clearing up the drizzle. The apricot garden is haggard and cuckoo cries, but it is helpless to return to spring. Liuwai painted the building alone, twisting the branches by hand against the railing, and letting the flowers shine silently against the oblique light. Who knows this? " The first question (1) is: "How does Shangque's scenery description express helplessness?" As long as we grasp the images of "falling red", "light rain" and "cuckoo" when answering, it is not difficult to find that the author expresses the helplessness of hurting spring by depicting the scene of the last spring.

comments. All the information appearing in the ancient poetry appreciation questions in the college entrance examination should be regarded as effective information, including comments. Annotations are generally explanations or hints related to the content of poetry, such as the title, author, dynasty and writing background. In many cases, they play an important role in solving our problems. For example, the Jiangxi volume of the 27 college entrance examination is a comparative appreciation of Gao Chan's "Looking at Jinling Evening" and Wei Zhuang's "Jinling Map", which simply introduces the authors: Gao Chan and Wei Zhuang, both poets in the late Tang Dynasty. When answering the two questions "These two poems are all about sadness, why are the poets sad" and "One of the two poets said" A piece of sadness can't be painted "and the other said" Who means sadness can't be painted? Please make a brief analysis of this in combination with poetry ",we can't ignore the role of annotations, because the two poets in the" late Tang Dynasty "expressed their feelings in these two poems.

third, try to figure out the content and emotion of poetry with the help of expression skills

The ideological content and emotional attitude of some poems are mainly expressed with the help of certain expression skills, such as metaphor, allusion and contrast. Therefore, it is also an effective way to appreciate poetry to grasp the expressive skills and analyze their expressive characteristics. For example, in the 27 college entrance examination, the second topic of appreciation of ancient poems in Zhejiang was Wu Ji's poem "A Man and a Moon are Full": "The Southern Dynasties are sad through the ages, but they still sing the backyard flowers. In the old days, Xie Wang, the swallow in front of the hall, flew to whose house? Suddenly a dream, fairy muscle wins snow, palace bun piles of crows. Jiangzhou Sima, the shirt is wet with tears, and it is the end of the world. " This word is translated from the poems of three poets in the Tang Dynasty: "A merchant girl doesn't know how to hate her country, but she still sings a backyard flower across the river" in Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai; Liu Yuxi's "Wu Yi Xiang" in "Old Wang Xie Tang Qian Yan, flew into the homes of ordinary people"; "but who of them all was crying the most?, this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet" in Bai Juyi's Pipa, if we don't grasp the implication of three allusions when solving the problem, it will be difficult for us to understand the author's "sadness about the death of his home country, sadness about being an official, and sadness about similar life experience".

What is particularly worth mentioning is the expression of "writing sadness with pleasure". In ancient times, the vast majority of lyric poems expressed their feelings with pleasure, but some poems expressed their sadness with pleasure. When we interpret such poems, we should not be confused by the bright scenes in the poems and misunderstand the author's true feelings. For example, Li Bai's "Visit the Ancient Times in Vietnam": "The King of Vietnam Gou Jian broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home to do their best. Maid-in-waiting is like the Man Chun Palace, but only partridges fly today. " This poem is based on the lively and prosperous scenery (music scene) of "the soldiers return home with all their finery, and the ladies-in-waiting are like flowers in Man Chun Hall" to express the sigh (sadness) of ups and downs; In a night abroad, "the stars are low, the Ping Ye is vast, the moon is surging with the waves, and the river flows across the river" (a magnificent and open scene) conveys the poet's lonely and sad feelings.

Key and difficult questions test

1. Read the following song ci, then answer this question.

raw chazi

wandering alone in Yuyan

Xin Qiji

taking pictures by the stream, the sky is at the bottom of Qingxi. There are clouds in the sky, and people are in them. Singing who and Yu? The empty valley sounds clear. Not a ghost or a fairy, a peach blossom water.

in connection with the author's life, understand "Who sings and Yu? The meaning of the sentence "Voiced in the Empty Valley".

2. Read the following two Tang poems, and then answer this question.

swimming in the west is simple, Zheng mingfu

Li Bai

the clear water is rushing back to the stream, and

green bamboo is flying around the pavilion.

It's cool on a cool day, and

It's relaxing when you're alone.

miss the past (3) < p