Why do eggplant seedlings appear "stiff seedlings" in spring? How to grow open-field spring eggplant?

Eggplant is our most common vegetable, and open-field eggplant in spring is one of the most common and primitive cultivation methods, with a wide range of cultivation. However, it is easy to appear because the seedling raising period in the open field after spring is in winter. Dead seedlings? Wait, let me talk about the occurrence of spring eggplant at seedling stage. Dead seedlings? The causes of this phenomenon and the efficient cultivation techniques of spring eggplant in open field.

First, the spring eggplant seedling stage? Dead seedlings? phenomenon

Does spring eggplant appear at seedling stage? Dead seedlings? Phenomenon is a common problem in winter seedling raising, especially in sunshine seedling raising. Dead seedlings? The phenomenon is more common.

1, spring eggplant seedling stage? Dead seedlings? Manifestation symptoms of

When the growth and development of seedlings are excessively inhibited, the stems will become thinner and harder, the internodes of seedlings will become shorter, the leaves will become smaller and yellow, and the roots will age and brown. ? Dead seedlings? This phenomenon will lead to the emergence of new roots, slow growth, delayed growth period, delayed flowering and fruiting, shortened fruiting period and premature aging after eggplant seedlings are planted.

2. Spring eggplant seedling stage? Dead seedlings? cause

Lead to the seedling stage of spring eggplant? Dead seedlings? The main reasons for this phenomenon are low temperature of seedbed, too dry bed soil, low nutrient content of seedbed soil, too long seedling age and excessive water control when squatting on the ground.

At the seedling stage, it is most likely to cause seedlings because of fear of excessive water control during seedling growth. Dead seedlings? . In addition, when raising seedlings in the seedling pot, because it is isolated from groundwater, watering in time is easy to cause the soil in the seedling bed to be too dry. Dead seedlings? .

3. Prevent spring eggplant seedling stage? Dead seedlings? preventive measure

Avoid in production? Dead seedlings? The main preventive measures of this phenomenon are to choose loose, fertile and breathable soil to prepare nutrient soil; Raise the ground temperature with decomposed organic fertilizer; Spraying foliar fertilizer at seedling stage, timely and properly watering to avoid reducing the temperature and ground temperature of seedbed; Seedling age should not be too long, and ventilation should be strengthened in the later stage of seedling raising. In principle, the temperature is not controlled, and the seedlings should be tempered before sowing.

What if? Dead seedlings? The phenomenon has already happened. First of all, we should give the seedlings proper temperature and humidity to promote their normal growth. If the seedlings are raised in a sunny seedbed, the ground temperature of the seedbed should be raised as much as possible, and the seedlings should be properly watered and kept warm. Besides, you can also pass, right? Dead seedlings? The dosage of spraying gibberellin is 10 ~ 30mg/kg, and the diluted solution is about 100g per square meter, which has obvious growth promotion effect about 7 days after spraying.

Second, the cultivation and management measures of spring eggplant in the open field

Generally, the method of plastic film mulching is adopted in the open field cultivation of spring eggplant, which can create a good growth environment for the root development of eggplant, thus promoting the early maturity and high yield of eggplant.

1, sowing and seedling raising

Seeding and seedling management mainly includes variety selection and strong seedling cultivation.

(1) variety selection

Because of the characteristics of low temperature in early spring and high temperature in late spring, we should choose varieties with early maturity, cold resistance, heat resistance and disease resistance, and choose excellent eggplant varieties that are marketable in combination with local consumption habits and market sales.

(2) Cultivate strong seedlings

In early spring, eggplant seedlings cultivated in the open field are usually planted in seedbed soil in early February. Because the seedling stage is in the cold winter season, greenhouse or hotbed is generally used to raise seedlings. In the first half of March, the seedlings are divided into nutrient bowls. During this period, due to the harsh climate and environment, seedlings are prone to stiffness. Therefore, it is necessary to heat the greenhouse or use electric hotbeds to raise seedlings and water them in time. The seedlings exercise around mid-April. Generally, in late April in the south and early May in the north, when the seedlings are budding, they are transplanted and planted in the field after the end of late frost.

2. Preparation before planting

Before planting, fertilize the soil, make a good border and lay a good plastic film.

(1) Fertilization and soil preparation

Choose winter fallow land or spring vegetable land with good water and fertilizer conservation performance, deep and loose soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter content. After removing the residual branches and leaves in the field after the previous crop was harvested, 50% of base fertilizer could be applied for ploughing in autumn and winter last year, and the ploughing depth was about 30 cm. The remaining 50% base fertilizer is applied to the furrows between rows. 5,000-7,000 kg of decomposed manure, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 200 kg of plant ash or cake fertilizer 100 kg, and boron and zinc fertilizer 1 kg are applied per mu.

(2) Make a cup

Because of the different cultivation methods in different places, there are also differences in the methods of making border: deep border and narrow border, width 1.3~2 m and depth 20~30 cm are mostly used in southern areas; The Beijing-Tianjin area is generally made into small ridges with a height of 10~ 15 cm and a width of 60~65 cm, planted in two rows; In northeast China, furrow application is carried out first, and then ridges with a width of 150 cm are made. After each ridge is leveled, a small high ridge with a width of 1 m is made. Adopt ditching method and plant two rows in one ridge. In actual planting, all localities should be determined according to local actual conditions.

(3) covering with plastic film

Due to the low temperature in early spring, plastic film mulching is beneficial to the growth and development of eggplant. Before plastic film mulching, 50% prometryne was mixed with water to control weeds in the border. Film mulching about 7 days before planting can improve the ground temperature.

3. Transplanting and planting

Determination of (1) eggplant planting time

Due to the different climatic conditions in different places, when determining the sowing date, it is generally the best sowing date to stabilize the soil temperature in the plough layer above 10 cm after the final frost in the local spring to avoid freezing or chilling injury of eggplant caused by premature planting. However, in order to strive for early maturity of eggplant, it should be planted and harvested as soon as possible without affecting growth and development.

(2) Planting density

Reasonable planting density is the guarantee of high yield. When planting, the planting density should be reasonably determined according to the characteristics of varieties, plant development and soil fertility. Generally, the maximum variation per mu is between 2000 and 5000 plants.

Early-maturing varieties are more compact than late-maturing varieties and suitable for close planting; Close planting of varieties with weak branching ability can achieve the effect of increasing yield to a certain extent than those with large plant type, but too close planting is counterproductive. Generally, there are 2500~3000 early-maturing varieties per mu; 2,200 ~ 2,500 medium-mature varieties; Late-maturing variety 2000~2500.

(3) Planting method

Choosing a calm sunny day for planting can be beneficial to slow down seedlings. Because the root system of eggplant is weak, transplant it with soil as much as possible to avoid soil moisture. Slow transplanting in wet soil is not conducive to rooting and survival. There are differences in colonial ways between the north and the south.

Northern region: Due to the spring drought in the northern region, seedlings are often planted with dark water, that is, a planting ditch is first opened and irrigated. Before the water seeps down, according to the predetermined planting distance, gently put the seedlings in the ditch, then cover them with soil and level the border after they seep underwater. South China: the method of opening holes first, then planting and then watering is often adopted. When planting, the transplanting depth should be appropriate. Too deep is not conducive to root growth, because the ground temperature is low and seedling emergence is slow. Too shallow will lead to unstable roots. Generally, the thickness of covering soil should be equal to the thickness of cotyledon nodes. For long seedlings, they can be planted deeply or horizontally, and adventitious roots will grow on the stems of plants.

4. Field management after field planting

After eggplant planting, field management mainly includes watering, intertillage, weeding and fertilization, soil cultivation, scaffolding, pruning, flower and fruit prevention and pest control.

(1) Rational topdressing

Eggplant is a fertilizer-loving crop, which needs more fertilizer during the whole growth period, so it is necessary to emphasize topdressing according to different growth periods.

① From survival to flowering.

What is the top dressing at this stage? Promotion? Give priority to, lay a good foundation for flowering and fruiting. After the seedlings are delayed, manure or chemical fertilizer can be applied to raise seedlings. It is advisable to apply light fertilizer frequently, generally combined with shallow intertillage. In sunny mornings, eggplant seedlings can be watered with 20%~30% of human and animal feces; In rainy days, urea can be applied topdressing, with 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 kg urea per mu, or 40%~50% human and animal manure applied to acupoints. Top dressing 1 time every 3-5 days until the eggplant blooms.

(2) From flowering to fruit setting.

In this period? Control? Giving priority to properly controlling the supply of fertilizer and water is conducive to flowering and fruit setting. If the plants grow well, there is no need for fertilization at all; If the plant is weak, it can be irrigated with 10%~20% of human and animal manure 1 time in sunny morning.

Before eggplant stares, management should adopt intertillage and squatting seedlings, and properly control the crazy growth of seedlings caused by excessive nutrient growth. After watering 1~2 times of slow seedling water, intertillage should be used to loosen the soil and weed, so as to prevent soil hardening and weeds from growing wildly and promote rapid root growth. Intertillage should be as deep as 5~6 cm between rows, and shallow intertillage should be carried out around eggplant plants to loosen the surface soil.

Eggplant should squat after intertillage to promote root development, control stem and leaf growth and accelerate plant flowering and fruiting. Crouching seedlings should be flexibly mastered according to the actual situation. If you plant large seedlings, you can not squat seedlings or squat seedlings less. After the emergence of eggplant is delayed, before 50% plants bloom, topdressing can be applied in fields with poor soil fertility and low application amount of base fertilizer, and 500 kg dilute manure water or 10 kg urea or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied in ditches 6-7 cm away from eggplant roots, and then the soil can be covered with water.

For the early-maturing eggplant varieties with weak growth potential, topdressing can be used to improve the fertilizer at seedling stage, promote the early growth of plants and avoid the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits.

Plant growth regulators, such as 2,4-D and anti-falling agents, can be applied to eggplant when it blooms to protect flowers and fruits.

(3) From eggplant fruit setting to eggplant harvest.

After the eggplant sits firmly, the demand for fertilizer and water gradually increases. At this time, water and fertilizer should be applied in time, and topdressing should be 500~ 1000 kg of manure or 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. When eggplant and eggplant set fruit and expanded successively, the demand for fertilizer and water reached its peak.

In tomatoes? Staring at it? After that, manure or chemical fertilizer of 1 time should be applied again. About 5000 kilograms of human manure or 15~20 kilograms of urea per mu can be watered.

When eggplant fruit expands, organic fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer should be applied again 1 time. From Meneggplant? Staring at it? After that, topdressing about 35% of human and animal manure every 2-3 days, or burying urea and potash fertilizer before it rains, with the ratio of urea and potash fertilizer of 1:1,and fertilizing 30-40 kg per mu, which can be buried 2-3 times in the whole fruiting period.

(4) After the eggplant is harvested.

At this time, the weather is already hot, and watering is the main method. Generally, about 25% of light manure water is used for irrigation, and 1 manure water should be topdressing every harvest. In the late stage of results, the ability of root system to absorb weak fertilizer is poor, which can be supplemented by foliar fertilization. Generally, 0.2% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed on sunny evenings.

(2) Water resources management

When eggplant grows, the relative humidity of soil is about 70%~80%. There is little water demand in the early stage of growth, and topdressing is usually used to water the soil when it is dry. In order to prevent falling flowers, control water when the first flower opens. Staring at it? After that, it shows that the fruit has been filled, so it is necessary to water it in time to promote the growth of the fruit.

When eggplant expands and the fruit stands in four doors, the plant needs water most. At this time, it is necessary to water frequently to keep the soil moist. Topsoil should be watered once every 5-7 days, or harvested 1-2 times and then watered 1 time. If the weather is too dry, you should increase the amount and frequency of watering.

(3) intertillage and soil cultivation

It is rainy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in spring, so it is necessary to cultivate the soil in time to prevent the soil from hardening. Intertillage is generally combined with weeding, with no damage to roots and no loosening of soil as the standard, generally for 3~4 times. Before the plant is closed, 1 large intertillage shall be carried out, and 10~ 15 cm shall be dug deeply to facilitate ventilation and cold water. Combined with this intertillage, if the base fertilizer is insufficient, decomposed cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be supplemented to prevent plants from lodging. After the factory is closed, there will be no more intertillage.

As long as there are no weeds on the soil surface covered with plastic film, intertillage, weeding and ridging are generally not needed.

(4) Pruning and coring

Eggplant has neat branches and poor branching ability in leaf axils. Generally, pruning is not needed, but in order to reduce nutrient consumption and improve the permeability between plants, eggplant should be planted in the door. Staring at it? Erase the previously useless side branches. Early-maturing varieties generally adopt three branches pruning, that is, except the main branch, two strong lateral branches extracted from the axils of the first and second leaves under the first inflorescence on the main stem are retained, and the rest are erased. Picking kernels at 7-leaf or 5-leaf stage can greatly increase the yield of eggplant.

5, timely harvesting

It takes about 20~25 days for early-maturing eggplant varieties to harvest tender fruits, and some varieties only need 16~ 18 days. Timely harvesting can prevent premature aging and increase yield. The harvesting time is better in the morning, and the harvested eggplant is not only fresh and tender, but also beneficial to storage and transportation.

When cultivating eggplant in the open field in spring, we should pay attention to the supply of water and fertilizer at seedling stage and the management of intertillage and soil cultivation at each stage after planting, and all the management work should be implemented, so high yield is a natural thing.